Userkaf: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

Sebaris

Revisi terkini sejak 17 Agustus 2024 15.49

Kepala patung Userkaf yang ditemukan di Abusir

Userkaf (dikenal dalam nama Yunani sebagai Usercherês, Ούσερχέρης) adalah penguasa pertama Dinasti ke-V dari Kerajaan Lama, yang memerintah selama tujuh atau delapan tahun pada awal abad ke-XXV SM^[1], dia menggantikan Shepseskaf dan mendahului putranya Sahure. Userkaf mungkin berasal dari cabang wangsa kerajaan Dinasti ke-IV^[2]^[3]^[4], meskipun asal usulnya masih belum jelas. Egiptologis Miroslav Verner mengusulkan bahwa dia adalah putra Menkaura oleh salah satu ratu keduanya^[5] ^[2] dan mungkin saudara kandung pendahulunya dan raja terakhir Dinasti ke-IV, Shepseskaf.^[6]^[7]

Referensi

^ 2465-2458 SM (Allen), 2500-2490 SM (Krauss), 2513-2506 SM (Redford), 2479-2471 SM (von Beckerath), 2454-2447 SM (Malek), 2471-2464 SM (Dodson)
^ ^a ^b David & David 2001, hlm. 164.
^ Malek 2000a, hlm. 98.
^ Guerrier 2006, hlm. 414.
^ Sejarawan Rosalie dan Anthony David sependapat, menyatakan bahwa Userkaf berasal dari cabang wangsa Khafra
^ Verner 2001b, hlm. 588.
^ El-Shahawy & Atiya 2005, hlm. 33.

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Didahului oleh: Shepseskaf or Thamphthis	Firaun Mesir Dinasti ke-V	Diteruskan oleh: Sahure

[1] 2465-2458 SM (Allen), 2500-2490 SM (Krauss), 2513-2506 SM (Redford), 2479-2471 SM (von Beckerath), 2454-2447 SM (Malek), 2471-2464 SM (Dodson)

[FOOTNOTEDavidDavid2001164-2] David & David 2001, hlm. 164.

[FOOTNOTEMalek2000a98-3] Malek 2000a, hlm. 98.

[FOOTNOTEGuerrier2006414-4] Guerrier 2006, hlm. 414.

[5] Sejarawan Rosalie dan Anthony David sependapat, menyatakan bahwa Userkaf berasal dari cabang wangsa Khafra

[FOOTNOTEVerner2001b588-6] Verner 2001b, hlm. 588.

[FOOTNOTEEl-ShahawyAtiya200533-7] El-Shahawy & Atiya 2005, hlm. 33.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Baris 10: / Baris 10: @@
 *{{Cite journal|last=Altenmüller|first=Hartwig|author-link=Hartwig Altenmüller|title=Die "Abgaben" aus dem 2. Jahr des Userkaf|editor1-last=Kessler|editor1-first=Dieter|editor2-last=Schulz|editor2-first=Regine |journal=Münchner Ägyptologische Untersuchungen, Gedenkschrift für Winfried Barta|volume=4|year=1995 |pages=37–48|oclc=811863261|url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/volltexte/2012/1495 |language=de}}
 *{{cite book|last=Altenmüller|first=Hartwig|chapter=Old Kingdom: Fifth Dynasty|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pages=597–601|location=Oxford}}
-*{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Dieter|title=Die Tempel Ägyptens: Götterwohnungen, Baudenkmäler, Kultstätten|language=de|location=Augsburg|publisher=Bechtermünz|year=1996|isbn=978-3-86-047215-6}}
+*{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Dieter|title=Die Tempel Ägyptens: Götterwohnungen, Baudenkmäler, Kultstätten|url=https://archive.org/details/dietempelagypten0000diet|language=de|location=Augsburg|publisher=Bechtermünz|year=1996|isbn=978-3-86-047215-6}}
 *{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Dieter|chapter=Tombs: Royal tombs|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pages=425–433|location=Oxford}}
 *{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Dieter|title=The encyclopaedia of ancient Egyptian architecture|year=2003|publisher=I. B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-465-8|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofa00diet}}
@@ Baris 25: / Baris 25: @@
 *{{cite book |last=Clayton |first=Peter |year=1994 |title=Chronicle of the Pharaohs |location=London |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0-500-05074-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofphara00clay }}
 * {{cite journal |last=Daressy |first=Georges|language=fr|title=La Pierre de Palerme et la chronologie de l'Ancien Empire |journal=Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale|author-link= Georges Daressy |year=1912 |pages=161–214|volume=12|location=Cairo |url=http://www.ifao.egnet.net/bifao/012/09/ |access-date=11 Aug 2018|issn=0255-0962}}
-*{{cite book|last1=David|first1=Ann Rosalie|first2=Antony E|last2=David|title=A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt|location= London|publisher=Seaby|year=2001|isbn=978-1-85-264032-3}}
+*{{cite book|last1=David|first1=Ann Rosalie|first2=Antony E|last2=David|title=A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000davi|location= London|publisher=Seaby|year=2001|isbn=978-1-85-264032-3}}
 *{{cite book|last=Desplancques|first=Sophie|year=2006|title=L'institution du Trésor en Egypte: Des origines à la fin du Moyen Empire|publisher=Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne|location=Paris|language=fr|series=Passé Présent|isbn=978-2-84-050451-1}}
-*{{cite book|last1=Dodson|first1=Aidan|author1-link=Aidan Dodson|first2=Dyan|last2=Hilton|title=The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt|year=2004|publisher=Thames & Hudson Ltd|location=London|isbn=978-0-500-05128-3}}
+*{{cite book|last1=Dodson|first1=Aidan|author1-link=Aidan Dodson|first2=Dyan|last2=Hilton|title=The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt|url=https://archive.org/details/completeroyalfam0000dods_a3h8|year=2004|publisher=Thames & Hudson Ltd|location=London|isbn=978-0-500-05128-3}}
 *{{cite journal|last=Dorman|first=Peter|title=The biographical inscription of Ptahshepses from Saqqara: A newly identified fragment|journal=Journal of Egyptian Archaeology|year=2002|volume=88|pages=95–110|jstor=3822338 |doi=10.1177/030751330208800107|s2cid=193353936}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Edel|first1=Elmar|last2=Ricke|first2=Herbert|author2-link=Herbert Ricke|year=1965|language=de|location=Kairo|publisher=Schweizerisches Institut für ägyptische Bauforschung und Altertumskunde|title=Das Sonnenheiligtum des Königs Userkaf|series=Beiträge zur ägyptischen Bauforschung und Altertumskunde|volume =7, 8|oclc=77668521}}
-*{{cite book |last1=Edwards |first1=David |title=The Nubian Past |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |location=Oxon |isbn=978-0-41-536988-6}}
+*{{cite book |last1=Edwards |first1=David |title=The Nubian Past |url=https://archive.org/details/nubianpastarchae0000edwa |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |location=Oxon |isbn=978-0-41-536988-6}}
 *{{cite book|last=El-Awady|first=Tarek|editor1-last=Bárta|editor1-first=Miroslav|editor2-last=Krejčí |editor2-first=Jaromír|chapter=The royal family of Sahure. New evidence.|pages=191–218|title=Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2005|chapter-url=http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/AS%202000_mensi.pdf |location=Prague|publisher=Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute|isbn=978-80-7308-116-4|year=2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201084444/http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/AS%202000_mensi.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2011}}
 *{{cite journal|last=El-Khouly|first=Aly|title=Excavations at the Pyramid of Userkaf, 1976: Preliminary Report|year=1978|volume=64|issue=1|pages=35–43|journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology|doi=10.1177/030751337806400105|s2cid=192383294}}
@@ Baris 37: / Baris 37: @@
 *{{cite book|last=Goedicke|first=Hans|title=Königliche Dokumente aus den Alten Reich|location=Wiesbaden |publisher=Harrassowitz|year=1967|oclc=4877029|series=Ägyptologische Abhandlungen|volume=14}}
 *{{cite book|last=Goedicke|first=Hans|chapter=Abusir–Saqqara–Giza|pages=397–412|editor1-last=Bárta |editor1-first=Miroslav|editor2-last=Krejčí|editor2-first=Jaromír|title=Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2000 |location=Prague |publisher=Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute|series=Archív orientální, Supplementa|volume=9|isbn=978-8-08-542539-0|year=2000}}
-*{{cite book|last=Grimal|first=Nicolas|author-link=Nicolas Grimal|title=A History of Ancient Egypt |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|others=Translated by Ian Shaw|isbn=978-0-631-19396-8|year=1992}}
+*{{cite book|last=Grimal|first=Nicolas|author-link=Nicolas Grimal|title=A History of Ancient Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofancient0000grim_o8d3|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|others=Translated by Ian Shaw|isbn=978-0-631-19396-8|year=1992}}
 *{{cite book|last=Guerrier|first=Éric|year=2006|language=fr|title=Les pyramides: l'enquête|location=Coudray-Macouard|publisher=Cheminements, DL|isbn=978-2-84-478446-9}}
 *{{cite book|last=Gundlach|first=Rolf|chapter=Temples|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B. |editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pages=363–379|location=Oxford}}
@@ Baris 65: / Baris 65: @@
 *{{cite book|last=Lepsius|first=Karl Richard|author-link=Karl Richard Lepsius|title=Denkmäler aus Ægypten und Æthiopien|language=de|url=http://edoc3.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/lepsius/|year=1972|location=Geneva|publisher=Éditions de Belles-Lettres|oclc=941020412}}
 *{{cite web|title=List of Rulers of Ancient Egypt and Nubia|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phar/hd_phar.htm|access-date=5 October 2019|website=Metropolitan Museum of Art online collections|ref={{harvid|List of rulers of ancient Egypt and Nubia, MET|2019}}}}
-*{{cite book|last=Magi|first=Giovanna|title=Saqqara: the Pyramid, the Mastabas and the Archaeological Site|year=2008|location=  Firenze|publisher=Bonechi|isbn=978-8-84-761500-7}}
+*{{cite book|last=Magi|first=Giovanna|title=Saqqara: the Pyramid, the Mastabas and the Archaeological Site|url=https://archive.org/details/saqqarahlapyrami0000magi|year=2008|location=  Firenze|publisher=Bonechi|isbn=978-8-84-761500-7}}
 *{{cite book|last=Mahfouz|first=Naguib|title=Voices from the Other World : Ancient Egyptian Tales|author-link=Naguib Mahfouz|year=2006|location=Cairo, New York|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|isbn=978-9-77-416029-5}}
 *{{cite book|last=Malek|first=Jaromír|chapter=The Old Kingdom (c.2160–2055 BC)|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw/page/83 83–107]|editor-last=Shaw|editor-first=Ian|title=The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt|year=2000a|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-815034-3|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw/page/83}}

Pengawasan otoritas
Umum	Integrated Authority File (Jerman) ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat (via VIAF)
Perpustakaan nasional	Amerika Serikat
Lain-lain	Faceted Application of Subject Terminology