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{{about|firaun Mesir Kuno|universitas di Jakarta|Universitas Nasional}}
{{Infobox pharaoh
{{Infobox pharaoh
| Name= Unas
| Name= Unas
Baris 4: Baris 5:
| Image= Ounas-chambre2.jpg
| Image= Ounas-chambre2.jpg
| Caption=Sarkofagus basalt hitam di tempat pemakaman piramid Unas
| Caption=Sarkofagus basalt hitam di tempat pemakaman piramid Unas
| image_alt=Makam batu kecil, its walls inscribed with hieroglyphs and its gabled roof covered with painted stars. At the center is a massive but broken black sarcophagus.
| image_alt=Makam batu kecil, dindingnya bertulisan hieroglif dan atapnya yang melengkung dihiasi gambar bintang-bintang. Di tengah-tengah terdapat sarkofagus hitam yang masif tapi retak.
| NomenHiero=
| NomenHiero=
| Nomen=Unas{{sfn|Barsanti|1901|p=254}}{{sfn|Baker|2008|p=482}}<br>''{{Unicode|Wnjs}}''<br>Translation uncertain:<br>''Behold the being''{{sfn|Petrie|1917|loc=p. 18 & p. 63}} <small>(if Unas is read ''As-un'')</small><br> ''[[Unut|The swift one]]'' <small>(name of the goddess Wenet)</small><br><hiero><-G39-N5-E34:N35-M17-S29-></hiero><br>Hieroglyphic variant:<br><hiero><-E34:N35-M17-S29-></hiero>
| Nomen=Unas{{sfn|Barsanti|1901|p=254}}{{sfn|Baker|2008|p=482}}<br>''{{Unicode|Wnjs}}''<br>Translation uncertain:<br>''Behold the being''{{sfn|Petrie|1917|loc=p. 18 & p. 63}} <small>(if Unas is read ''As-un'')</small><br> ''[[Unut|The swift one]]'' <small>(name of the goddess Wenet)</small><br><hiero><-G39-N5-E34:N35-M17-S29-></hiero><br>Hieroglyphic variant:<br><hiero><-E34:N35-M17-S29-></hiero>
Baris 15: Baris 16:
| Horus=Wadjtawy{{sfn|Barsanti|1901|p=254}}{{sfn|Baker|2008|p=482}} <br>''{{Unicode|W3ḏ-t3.w(j)}}''<br>''Flourishing of the Two Lands''
| Horus=Wadjtawy{{sfn|Barsanti|1901|p=254}}{{sfn|Baker|2008|p=482}} <br>''{{Unicode|W3ḏ-t3.w(j)}}''<br>''Flourishing of the Two Lands''
| HorusHiero= <hiero>M13-N19</hiero>
| HorusHiero= <hiero>M13-N19</hiero>
| Reign=durasi tidak diketahui 15 sampai 30 tahun pada pertengahan abad ke-24 SM.{{efn|group=note|Tanggal yang diproposalkan untuk masa pemerintahan Unas: 2404&ndash;2374 SM,{{sfn|Altenmüller|2001|p=600}}{{sfn|Hawass|Senussi|2008|p=10}} 2375&ndash;2345 SM,{{sfn|Clayton|1994|p=60}}{{sfn|Rice|1999|p=213}}{{sfn|Malek|2000a|p=102}}{{sfn|Lloyd|2010|p=xxxiv}} 2367&ndash;2347 SM,{{sfn|Strudwick|2005|p=xxx}} 2353&ndash;2323 SM,{{sfn|Arnold|1999}} 2342&ndash;2322 SM,{{sfn|von Beckerath|1999|p=283}} 2321&ndash;2306 SM{{sfn|Hornung|2012|p=491}} 2312&ndash;2282 SM.{{sfn|Dodson|Hilton|2004|p=288}}}}
| Reign=durasi tidak diketahui 15 sampai 30 tahun pada pertengahan abad ke-24 SM.{{efn|group=note|Tanggal yang diproposalkan untuk masa pemerintahan Unas: 2404–2374 SM,{{sfn|Altenmüller|2001|p=600}}{{sfn|Hawass|Senussi|2008|p=10}} 2375–2345 SM,{{sfn|Clayton|1994|p=60}}{{sfn|Rice|1999|p=213}}{{sfn|Malek|2000a|p=102}}{{sfn|Lloyd|2010|p=xxxiv}} 2367–2347 SM,{{sfn|Strudwick|2005|p=xxx}} 2353–2323 SM,{{sfn|Arnold|1999}} 2342–2322 SM,{{sfn|von Beckerath|1999|p=283}} 2321–2306 SM{{sfn|Hornung|2012|p=491}} 2312–2282 SM.{{sfn|Dodson|Hilton|2004|p=288}}}}
| Predecessor= [[Djedkare Isesi]]
| Predecessor= [[Djedkare Isesi]]
| Successor=[[Teti]]
| Successor=[[Teti]]
Baris 22: Baris 23:
| Father= mungkin Djedkare Isesi
| Father= mungkin Djedkare Isesi
| Mother= tidak diketahui
| Mother= tidak diketahui
| Dynasty=[[dinasti Mesir kelima|Dinasti Kelima]]
| Dynasty=[[dinasti kelima Mesir|Dinasti Kelima]]
| Burial= [[Piramid Unas]]
| Burial= [[Piramid Unas]]
}}
}}


'''Unas''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|j|uː|n|ə|s}} atau '''Wenis''' juga disebut '''Unis''' (bentuk [[Helenisasi]] '''Oenas''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|iː|n|ə|s}} atau '''Onnos''') adalah seorang [[firaun]] [[Mesir Kuno]], penguasa kesembilan dan terakhir dari [[dinasti Mesir kelima|Dinasti Kelima]] pada masa [[Kerajaan Lama Mesir|Kerajaan Lama]]. Unas memerintah selama 15 sampai 30 tahun pada pertengana [[abad ke-24 SM]] menggantikan [[Djedkare Isesi]], yang dipercaya adalah ayahnya. Sedikit yang diketahui tentang aktivitas Unas pada masa pemerintahannya. Mesir membuat hubungan dagang dengan pesisir Levantine dan Nubia dan aksi militer yang mengambil tempat di selatan Kanaan.
'''Unas''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|j|uː|n|ə|s}} atau '''Wenis''' juga disebut '''Unis''' (bentuk [[Helenisasi]] '''Oenas''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|iː|n|ə|s}} atau '''Onnos''') adalah seorang [[firaun]] [[Mesir Kuno]], penguasa kesembilan dan terakhir dari [[Dinasti kelima Mesir|Dinasti Kelima]] pada masa [[Kerajaan Lama Mesir|Kerajaan Lama]]. Unas memerintah selama 15 sampai 30 tahun pada pertengana [[abad ke-24 SM]] menggantikan [[Djedkare Isesi]], yang dipercaya adalah ayahnya. Sedikit yang diketahui tentang aktivitas Unas pada masa pemerintahannya. Mesir membuat hubungan dagang dengan pesisir Levantine dan Nubia dan aksi militer yang mengambil tempat di selatan Kanaan.


Unas membangun sebuah piramid di Saqqara, piramid kerajaan terkecil yang diselesaikan pada masa Kerajaan Lama.
Unas membangun sebuah piramid di Saqqara, piramid kerajaan terkecil yang diselesaikan pada masa Kerajaan Lama.
Baris 37: Baris 38:


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|2}}


== Daftar pustaka ==
== Daftar pustaka ==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
{{Refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite book|title=Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/Egyptian_Art_in_the_Age_of_the_Pyramids|first1=James|last1=Allen|first2=Susan|last2=Allen|first3=Julie|last3=Anderson|first4=Arnold|last4=Arnold|first5=Dorothea|last5=Arnold|first6=Nadine|last6=Cherpion|first7=Élisabeth|last7=David|first8=Nicolas|last8=Grimal|first9=Krzysztof|last9=Grzymski|first10=Zahi|last10=Hawass|first11=Marsha|last11=Hill|first12=Peter|last12=Jánosi|first13=Sophie|last13=Labée-Toutée|first14=Audran|last14=Labrousse|first15=Jean-Phillippe|last15=Lauer|first16=Jean|last16=Leclant|first17=Peter|last17=Der Manuelian|first18=N. B.|last18=Millet|first19=Adela|last19=Oppenheim|first20=Diana|last20=Craig Patch|first21=Elena|last21=Pischikova|first22=Patricia|last22=Rigault|first23=Catharine H.|last23=Roehrig|last24=Wildung|first24=Dietrich|first25=Christiane|last25=Ziegler|year=1999|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|oclc=41431623|isbn=978-0-81-096543-0|ref={{harvid|Ziegler in Allen et al.|1999}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/Egyptian_Art_in_the_Age_of_the_Pyramids|first1=James|last1=Allen|first2=Susan|last2=Allen|first3=Julie|last3=Anderson|first4=Arnold|last4=Arnold|first5=Dorothea|last5=Arnold|first6=Nadine|last6=Cherpion|first7=Élisabeth|last7=David|first8=Nicolas|last8=Grimal|first9=Krzysztof|last9=Grzymski|first10=Zahi|last10=Hawass|first11=Marsha|last11=Hill|first12=Peter|last12=Jánosi|first13=Sophie|last13=Labée-Toutée|first14=Audran|last14=Labrousse|first15=Jean-Phillippe|last15=Lauer|first16=Jean|last16=Leclant|first17=Peter|last17=Der Manuelian|first18=N. B.|last18=Millet|first19=Adela|last19=Oppenheim|first20=Diana|last20=Craig Patch|first21=Elena|last21=Pischikova|first22=Patricia|last22=Rigault|first23=Catharine H.|last23=Roehrig|last24=Wildung|first24=Dietrich|first25=Christiane|last25=Ziegler|year=1999|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|oclc=41431623|isbn=978-0-81-096543-0|ref={{harvid|Ziegler in Allen et al.|1999}}}}
*{{cite book|first=James|last=Allen|chapter=Pyramid Texts|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=95&ndash;98|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=James|last=Allen|chapter=Pyramid Texts|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=95–98|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first1=James|last1=Allen|first2=Peter|last2=Der Manuelian|title=The ancient Egyptian pyramid texts|location=Atlanta|publisher=Society of Biblical Literature|year=2005|series=Writings from the ancient world, no. 23.|isbn=978-1-58-983182-7|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6VBJeCoDdTUC&pg=PA1&dq=2353+-+2323+%22pyramid+texts%22&ei=FW-BSL-rCpTyiwGJrcG8DQ&sig=ACfU3U1-mbNrZ44kBagmG86DWq7eAKXu1g&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=the%20role%20of%20Osiris&f=false|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first1=James|last1=Allen|first2=Peter|last2=Der Manuelian|title=The ancient Egyptian pyramid texts|location=Atlanta|publisher=Society of Biblical Literature|year=2005|series=Writings from the ancient world, no. 23.|isbn=978-1-58-983182-7|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6VBJeCoDdTUC&pg=PA1&dq=2353+-+2323+%22pyramid+texts%22&ei=FW-BSL-rCpTyiwGJrcG8DQ&sig=ACfU3U1-mbNrZ44kBagmG86DWq7eAKXu1g&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=the%20role%20of%20Osiris&f=false|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|last=Altenmüller|first=Hartwig|author-link=Hartwig Altenmüller|title=Zur Vergöttlichung des Königs Unas im Alten Reich|journal=Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur|volume=1|year=1974|pp=1&ndash;18|url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/1400/|language=German|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|last=Altenmüller|first=Hartwig|author-link=Hartwig Altenmüller|title=Zur Vergöttlichung des Königs Unas im Alten Reich|journal=Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur|volume=1|year=1974|pp=1–18|url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/1400/|language=German|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Hartwig|last=Altenmüller|chapter=Old Kingdom: Fifth Dynasty|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=597&ndash;601|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Hartwig|last=Altenmüller|chapter=Old Kingdom: Fifth Dynasty|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=597–601|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Vincent|last=Arieh Tobin|chapter=Myths: Creation Myths|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=469&ndash;472|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Vincent|last=Arieh Tobin|chapter=Myths: Creation Myths|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=469–472|ref=harv}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-museum/press-room/exhibitions/1999/landmark-exhibition-of-egyptian-art-opens-at-metropolitan-museum-on-september-16 |title=Old Kingdom Chronology and List of Kings |last1=Arnold |first1=Dorothea |date=July 19, 1999 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |publisher= |accessdate=February 7, 2015|ref=harv}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-museum/press-room/exhibitions/1999/landmark-exhibition-of-egyptian-art-opens-at-metropolitan-museum-on-september-16 |title=Old Kingdom Chronology and List of Kings |last1=Arnold |first1=Dorothea |date=July 19, 1999 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |publisher= |accessdate=February 7, 2015|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Baker|first=Darrell|year=2008|title=The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC|publisher=Stacey International|isbn= 978-1-905299-37-9|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Baker|first=Darrell|year=2008|title=The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC|publisher=Stacey International|isbn= 978-1-905299-37-9|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Alessandro|last=Barsanti|author-link=Alessandro Barsanti|chapter=Rapports de M. Alexandre Barsanti sur les déblaiements opérés autour de la pyramide d'Ounas pendant les années 1899&ndash;1901|title=Annales du Service des antiquités de l'Égypte, Tome II|location=Cairo|year=1901|publisher=Imprimerie de l'institut français d'archéologie orientale|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5724454d.image|pp=244&ndash;257|oclc=1189841|issn=16871510|language=French|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Alessandro|last=Barsanti|author-link=Alessandro Barsanti|chapter=Rapports de M. Alexandre Barsanti sur les déblaiements opérés autour de la pyramide d'Ounas pendant les années 1899–1901|title=Annales du Service des antiquités de l'Égypte, Tome II|location=Cairo|year=1901|publisher=Imprimerie de l'institut français d'archéologie orientale|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5724454d.image|pp=244–257|oclc=1189841|issn=16871510|language=French|ref=harv}}
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*{{cite book|last=Borchardt|first=Ludwig|author-link=Ludwig Borchardt|year=1913|location=Leipzig|publisher=Hinrichs|title=Das Grabdenkmal des Königs S'aḥu-Re (Band 2): Die Wandbilder: Abbildungsblätter|language=German|url=http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/borchardt1913bd2b?sid=581395ce99fcb4e7511b5ea7bea65b1b|isbn=978-3-535-00577-1|ref=harv}}
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*{{cite web|website=Online database of the [[Brooklyn Museum]]|title=Fragmentary Ointment Jar Inscribed for Unas|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/3958/Fragmentary_Ointment_Jar_Inscribed_for_Unas/set/80e950b628e4c30351a6ba266aaf4737?referring-q=unas|access-date=1 April 2015|ref={{harvid|Brooklyn Museum Catalog|2015}}}}
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*{{cite web|first=Peter|last=Dorman|author-link=Peter Dorman|website=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|title=The 5th dynasty (c. 2465–c. 2325 bc)|access-date=23 February 2015|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/180468/ancient-Egypt/22297/The-5th-dynasty-c-2465-c-2325-bc|year=2015|ref=harv}}
*{{cite web|title=Unas|website=Digital Egypt for Universities|access-date=21 February 2015|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt//chronology/kingunas.html|year=2000|ref={{harvid|Digital Egypt|2000}}}}
*{{cite web|title=Unas|website=Digital Egypt for Universities|access-date=21 February 2015|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt//chronology/kingunas.html|year=2000|ref={{harvid|Digital Egypt|2000}}}}
*{{cite journal|first=Henry|last=Fischer|title=Two Tantalizing Biographical Fragments of Historical Interest|journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology|volume=61|year=1975|pp=33&ndash;37|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|first=Henry|last=Fischer|title=Two Tantalizing Biographical Fragments of Historical Interest|journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology|volume=61|year=1975|pp=33–37|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Gardiner|first=Alan|author-link=Alan Gardiner|title=The Royal Canon of Turin|publisher=Griffith Institute|year=1959|oclc=21484338|ref=harv}}
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*{{cite book|last=Goedicke|first=Hans|title=Re-Used Blocks from the Pyramid of Amenemhet I at Lisht|year=1971|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/Re_Used_Blocks_from_the_Pyramid_of_Amenemhet_I_at_Lisht|location=New York|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art, Egyptian Expedition|isbn=978-0-87-099107-3|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Goedicke|first=Hans|title=Re-Used Blocks from the Pyramid of Amenemhet I at Lisht|year=1971|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/Re_Used_Blocks_from_the_Pyramid_of_Amenemhet_I_at_Lisht|location=New York|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art, Egyptian Expedition|isbn=978-0-87-099107-3|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Nicolas|last=Grimal|author-link=Nicolas Grimal|title=A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher=Blackwell publishing|others=Translated by Ian Shaw|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-63-119396-8|year=1992|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Nicolas|last=Grimal|author-link=Nicolas Grimal|title=A History of Ancient Egypt|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofancient0000grim_o8d3|publisher=Blackwell publishing|others=Translated by Ian Shaw|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-63-119396-8|year=1992|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Guidotti|first=M. Cristina|publisher=Istituto poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato : Libreria dello Stato|location=Rome|language=Italian|year=1991|title=Vasi dall'epoca protodinastica al nuovo regno|series=Cataloghi dei musei e gallerie d'Italia|isbn=978-8-82-400177-9|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Guidotti|first=M. Cristina|publisher=Istituto poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato : Libreria dello Stato|location=Rome|language=Italian|year=1991|title=Vasi dall'epoca protodinastica al nuovo regno|series=Cataloghi dei musei e gallerie d'Italia|isbn=978-8-82-400177-9|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Rolf|last=Gundlach|chapter=Temples|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=363&ndash;379|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Rolf|last=Gundlach|chapter=Temples|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=363–379|ref=harv}}
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*{{cite journal|first1=Zahi|last1=Hawass|author-link1=Zahi Hawass|first2=Miroslav|last2=Verner|title=Newly discovered blocks from the causeway of Sahure (Archaeological report)|year=1996|journal=Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK)|volume=52|pp=177–186|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first1=Zahi|last1=Hawass|first2=Ashraf|last2=Senussi|year=2008|title=Old Kingdom Pottery from Giza|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|isbn=978-977-305-986-6|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first1=Zahi|last1=Hawass|first2=Ashraf|last2=Senussi|year=2008|title=Old Kingdom Pottery from Giza|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|isbn=978-977-305-986-6|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=William|last=Hayes|author-link=William C. Hayes|year=1978|title=The Scepter of Egypt: A Background for the Study of the Egyptian Antiquities in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1, From the Earliest Times to the End of the Middle Kingdom|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/The_Scepter_of_Egypt_Vol_1_From_the_Earliest_Times_to_the_End_of_the_Middle_Kingdom|publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|location=New York|oclc=7427345|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=William|last=Hayes|author-link=William C. Hayes|year=1978|title=The Scepter of Egypt: A Background for the Study of the Egyptian Antiquities in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1, From the Earliest Times to the End of the Middle Kingdom|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/The_Scepter_of_Egypt_Vol_1_From_the_Earliest_Times_to_the_End_of_the_Middle_Kingdom|publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|location=New York|oclc=7427345|ref=harv}}
Baris 84: Baris 85:
|ref={{harvid|Hornung|2012}}
|ref={{harvid|Hornung|2012}}
}}
}}
*{{cite book|last=Jeffreys|first=David G.|chapter=Memphis|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=373&ndash;376|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Jeffreys|first=David G.|chapter=Memphis|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=373–376|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|first=Naguib|last=Kanawati|author-link=Naguib Kanawati|title=Nikauisesi, A Reconsideration of the Old Kingdom System of Dating|journal=The Rundle Foundation for Egyptian Archaeology, Newsletter|volume=75|year=2001|url=http://www.egyptology.mq.edu.au/newsletters/75_2002.pdf|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|first=Naguib|last=Kanawati|author-link=Naguib Kanawati|title=Nikauisesi, A Reconsideration of the Old Kingdom System of Dating|journal=The Rundle Foundation for Egyptian Archaeology, Newsletter|volume=75|year=2001|url=http://www.egyptology.mq.edu.au/newsletters/75_2002.pdf|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first1=Naguib|last1=Kanawati|first2=Maḥmūd|last2=ʻAbd-ar-Rāziq|title=The Teti Cemetery at Saqqara, Volume VI: The Tomb of Nikauisesi|publisher=Aris & Phillips|location=Warminster|series=Australian Centre for Egyptology; Reports|volume=14|year=2000|isbn=978-0-85-668819-5|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first1=Naguib|last1=Kanawati|first2=Maḥmūd|last2=ʻAbd-ar-Rāziq|title=The Teti Cemetery at Saqqara, Volume VI: The Tomb of Nikauisesi|publisher=Aris & Phillips|location=Warminster|series=Australian Centre for Egyptology; Reports|volume=14|year=2000|isbn=978-0-85-668819-5|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|title=Le temple haut du complexe funéraire du roi Ounas|publisher=Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire|year=1977|location=Cairo|first1=Audran|last1=Labrousse|first2=Jean Philippe|last2=Lauer|first3=Jean|last3=Leclant|author3-link=Jean Leclant|series=Bibliothèque d'étude, tome 73|oclc=5065554|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|title=Le temple haut du complexe funéraire du roi Ounas|publisher=Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire|year=1977|location=Cairo|first1=Audran|last1=Labrousse|first2=Jean Philippe|last2=Lauer|first3=Jean|last3=Leclant|author3-link=Jean Leclant|series=Bibliothèque d'étude, tome 73|oclc=5065554|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Björn|last=Landström|title=Ships of the Pharaohs: 4000 Years of Egyptian Shipbuilding|publisher=Doubleday|year=1970|location=Garden City, N.Y.|oclc=108769|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Björn|last=Landström|title=Ships of the Pharaohs: 4000 Years of Egyptian Shipbuilding|url=https://archive.org/details/shipsofpharaohs40000bjrn|publisher=Doubleday|year=1970|location=Garden City, N.Y.|oclc=108769|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Mark|last=Lehner|author-link=Mark Lehner|year=1997|title=The Complete Pyramids|location=New York|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-50-005084-2|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Mark|last=Lehner|author-link=Mark Lehner|year=1997|title=The Complete Pyramids|url=https://archive.org/details/completepyramids00lehn|location=New York|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-50-005084-2|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Miriam|last=Lichtheim|title=Ancient Egyptian literature. Volume 1: The Old and Middle Kingdoms|year=1973|location=Berkeley|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-52-002899-9|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bqG3NtbDdzQC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=The+Autobiography+of+Weni+lichtheim&source=bl&ots=473OqNgtOy&sig=lKC4j_IyMgp3y1O2_KuMXhA_xcc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1nz4VIPSLYqqOp2KgKgN&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=snippet&q=autobiography%20of%20Weni&f=false|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Miriam|last=Lichtheim|title=Ancient Egyptian literature. Volume 1: The Old and Middle Kingdoms|year=1973|location=Berkeley|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-52-002899-9|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bqG3NtbDdzQC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=The+Autobiography+of+Weni+lichtheim&source=bl&ots=473OqNgtOy&sig=lKC4j_IyMgp3y1O2_KuMXhA_xcc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1nz4VIPSLYqqOp2KgKgN&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=snippet&q=autobiography%20of%20Weni&f=false|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Lloyd|first=Alan|editor-last=Lloyd|editor-first=Alan|title=A Companion to Ancient Egypt. Volume I|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4051-5598-4|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Lloyd|first=Alan|editor-last=Lloyd|editor-first=Alan|title=A Companion to Ancient Egypt. Volume I|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4051-5598-4|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Jaromir|last=Malek|chapter=The Old Kingdom (c.2160-2055 BC)|editor-last=Shaw|editor-first=Ian|title=The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt|year=2000a|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-815034-3|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Jaromir|last=Malek|chapter=The Old Kingdom (c.2160-2055 BC)|editor-last=Shaw|editor-first=Ian|title=The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw|year=2000a|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-815034-3|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Malek|first=Jaromir|editor1-last=Bárta|editor1-first=Miroslav|editor2-last=Krejčí|editor2-first=Jaromír|chapter=
*{{cite book|last=Malek|first=Jaromir|editor1-last=Bárta|editor1-first=Miroslav|editor2-last=Krejčí|editor2-first=Jaromír|chapter=Old Kingdom rulers as "local saints" in the Memphite area|title=Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000|url=http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/AS%202000_mensi.pdf|location=Prague|publisher=Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute|isbn=978-80-85425-39-0|year=2000b|pp=241–258|ref=harv|access-date=2015-04-12|archive-date=2011-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201084444/http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/AS%202000_mensi.pdf|dead-url=yes}}
Old Kingdom rulers as "local saints" in the Memphite area|title=Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000|url=http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/AS%202000_mensi.pdf|location=Prague|publisher=Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute|isbn=978-80-85425-39-0|year=2000b|pp=241&ndash;258|ref=harv}}
*{{cite web|title=The Online Collection. Scarab, Unas|website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/555121|access-date=11 March 2015|ref={{harvid|MMA Online catalog|2015}}}}
*{{cite web|title=The Online Collection. Scarab, Unas|website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/555121|access-date=11 March 2015|ref={{harvid|MMA Online catalog|2015}}}}
*{{cite book|last=Morales|first=Antonio J.|editor1-last=Bárta|editor1-first=Miroslav|editor2-first=Filip|editor2-last=Coppens|editor3-last=Krejčí|editor3-first=Jaromír|chapter=Traces of official and popular veneration to Nyuserra Iny at Abusir. Late Fifth Dynasty to the Middle Kingdom|title=Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2005, Proceedings of the Conference held in Prague (June 27&ndash;July 5, 2005)|location=Prague|publisher=Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute|isbn=978-8-07-308116-4|year=2006|pp=311&ndash;341|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Morales|first=Antonio J.|editor1-last=Bárta|editor1-first=Miroslav|editor2-first=Filip|editor2-last=Coppens|editor3-last=Krejčí|editor3-first=Jaromír|chapter=Traces of official and popular veneration to Nyuserra Iny at Abusir. Late Fifth Dynasty to the Middle Kingdom|title=Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2005, Proceedings of the Conference held in Prague (June 27–July 5, 2005)|location=Prague|publisher=Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute|isbn=978-8-07-308116-4|year=2006|pp=311–341|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|last=Moussa|first=Ahmed Mahmoud|title=A Stela from Saqqara of a Family Devoted to the Cult of King Unas|journal= Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK)|volume=27|year=1971|pp=81&ndash;84|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|last=Moussa|first=Ahmed Mahmoud|title=A Stela from Saqqara of a Family Devoted to the Cult of King Unas|journal= Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK)|volume=27|year=1971|pp=81–84|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Moussa|first1=Ahmed Mahmoud|first2=Hartwig|last2=Altenmüller|title=Ein Denkmal zum Kult des Königs Unas am Ende der 12. Dynastie|journal=Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK)|volume=31|year=1975|pp=93&ndash;97|language=German|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Moussa|first1=Ahmed Mahmoud|first2=Hartwig|last2=Altenmüller|title=Ein Denkmal zum Kult des Königs Unas am Ende der 12. Dynastie|journal=Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK)|volume=31|year=1975|pp=93–97|language=German|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Peter|last=Munro|title=Der Unas-Friedhof Nord-West|year=1993|language=German|publisher=von Zabern|location=Mainz am Rhein|oclc=66014930|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Peter|last=Munro|title=Der Unas-Friedhof Nord-West|year=1993|language=German|publisher=von Zabern|location=Mainz am Rhein|oclc=66014930|ref=harv}}
*{{cite web|title=Scarab with name of Unas|website=[[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]]|url=http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/scarab-with-name-of-unas-164137|accessdate=March 11, 2015|ref={{harvid|MFA Online catalog|2015}}}}
*{{cite web|title=Scarab with name of Unas|website=[[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]]|url=http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/scarab-with-name-of-unas-164137|accessdate=March 11, 2015|ref={{harvid|MFA Online catalog|2015}}}}
*{{cite book|last=Ockinga|first=Boyo G.|editor1-first=Alexandra|editor1-last=Woods|editor2-first=Ann|editor2-last=McFarlane|editor3-first=Susanne|editor3-last=Binder|year=2010|chapter=The Memphite Theology – Its Purpose and Date|series=Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte: Cahier 38, Volume II|location=Cairo|publisher=Conseil suprême des antiquitiés de l'Egypte|oclc=705718659|
*{{cite book|last=Ockinga|first=Boyo G.|editor1-first=Alexandra|editor1-last=Woods|editor2-first=Ann|editor2-last=McFarlane|editor3-first=Susanne|editor3-last=Binder|year=2010|chapter=The Memphite Theology – Its Purpose and Date|series=Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte: Cahier 38, Volume II|location=Cairo|publisher=Conseil suprême des antiquitiés de l'Egypte|oclc=705718659|
pp=99&ndash;117|title=Egyptian culture and society: studies in honour of Naguib Kanawati|ref=harv}}
pp=99–117|title=Egyptian culture and society: studies in honour of Naguib Kanawati|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Percy|last=Newberry|title=Ancient Egyptian scarabs and cylinder seals: the Timins Collection|isbn=978-0-71-030944-0|location=London|publisher=Kegan Paul International|year=2003|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Percy|last=Newberry|title=Ancient Egyptian scarabs and cylinder seals: the Timins Collection|isbn=978-0-71-030944-0|location=London|publisher=Kegan Paul International|year=2003|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|title=Nile Unas Slayer Of The Gods lyrics|website=Music Song Lyrics|url=http://www.musicsonglyrics.com/unas-slayer-of-the-gods-lyrics-nile.html|accessdate=March 23, 2015|ref={{harvid|Music Song Lyrics|2015}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Nile Unas Slayer Of The Gods lyrics|website=Music Song Lyrics|url=http://www.musicsonglyrics.com/unas-slayer-of-the-gods-lyrics-nile.html|accessdate=March 23, 2015|ref={{harvid|Music Song Lyrics|2015}}|archive-date=2018-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210235037/http://www.musicsonglyrics.com/unas-slayer-of-the-gods-lyrics-nile.html|dead-url=yes}}
*{{cite book|first1=Lorna|last1=Oakes|first2=Lucia|last2=Gahlin|title=Ancient Egypt: An Illustrated reference to the myths, religions, pyramids and temples of the Land of the Pharaohs|publisher=Hermes House|location=New York|year=2002|isbn=978-1-84-309429-6|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first1=Lorna|last1=Oakes|first2=Lucia|last2=Gahlin|title=Ancient Egypt: An Illustrated reference to the myths, religions, pyramids and temples of the Land of the Pharaohs|publisher=Hermes House|location=New York|year=2002|isbn=978-1-84-309429-6|ref=harv}}
*{{cite thesis |type=Diploma |first=Pavel |last=Onderka |title=The Tomb of Unisankh at Saqqara and Chicago |publisher=[[Charles University in Prague]], Czech Institute of Egyptology|url=http://is.cuni.cz/webapps/zzp/detail/27540/?lang=en|date=2009|ref=harv}}
*{{cite thesis |type=Diploma |first=Pavel |last=Onderka |title=The Tomb of Unisankh at Saqqara and Chicago |publisher=[[Charles University in Prague]], Czech Institute of Egyptology|url=http://is.cuni.cz/webapps/zzp/detail/27540/?lang=en|date=2009|ref=harv}}
Baris 110: Baris 110:
*{{cite book|first=Flinders|last=Petrie|year=1917|title=Scarabs and cylinders with names, illustrated by the Egyptian collection in University College, London|series=Publications of the British School of Archaeology in Egypt, 29|publisher=School of Archaeology in Egypt|location=London|oclc=3246026|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2pSSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=Scarabs+and+cylinders+with+names&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VjXyVManFuKu7AaFo4HgDw&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=Unas&f=false|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Flinders|last=Petrie|year=1917|title=Scarabs and cylinders with names, illustrated by the Egyptian collection in University College, London|series=Publications of the British School of Archaeology in Egypt, 29|publisher=School of Archaeology in Egypt|location=London|oclc=3246026|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2pSSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=Scarabs+and+cylinders+with+names&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VjXyVManFuKu7AaFo4HgDw&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=Unas&f=false|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first1=Bertha|last1=Porter|first2=Rosalind|last2=Moss|first3=Ethel|last3=Burney|title=Topographical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, reliefs, and paintings. VII, Nubia, the deserts, and outside Egypt|ref=harv|url=http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/topbib/pdf/pm7.pdf|isbn=978-0-90-041604-0|publisher=Griffith Institute|location=Oxford|edition=1995 reprint|year=1951}}
*{{cite book|first1=Bertha|last1=Porter|first2=Rosalind|last2=Moss|first3=Ethel|last3=Burney|title=Topographical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, reliefs, and paintings. VII, Nubia, the deserts, and outside Egypt|ref=harv|url=http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/topbib/pdf/pm7.pdf|isbn=978-0-90-041604-0|publisher=Griffith Institute|location=Oxford|edition=1995 reprint|year=1951}}
*{{cite book|last=Rice|first=Michael|title=Who is who in Ancient Egypt|publisher=Routledge London & New York|year=1999|isbn=978-0-203-44328-6|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Rice|first=Michael|title=Who is who in Ancient Egypt|url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinancient0000rice|publisher=Routledge London & New York|year=1999|isbn=978-0-203-44328-6|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|first=Barbara|last=Richter|title=Sed Festival Reliefs of the Old Kingdom|journal=Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The 58th Annual Meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt, Wyndham Toledo Hotel, Toledo, Ohio, Apr 20, 2007|year=2013|access-date=24 February 2015|url=http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p177887_index.html|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|first=Barbara|last=Richter|title=Sed Festival Reliefs of the Old Kingdom|journal=Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The 58th Annual Meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt, Wyndham Toledo Hotel, Toledo, Ohio, Apr 20, 2007|year=2013|access-date=24 February 2015|url=http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p177887_index.html|ref=harv|archive-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150224200837/http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p177887_index.html|dead-url=yes}}
*{{cite book|last=Schmitz|first=Bettina|title=Untersuchungen zum Titel S3-NJŚWT "Königssohn"|location=Bonn|publisher=Habelt|year=1976|series=Habelts Dissertationsdrucke: Reihe Ägyptologie, Heft 2|language=German|isbn=978-3-77-491370-7|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Schmitz|first=Bettina|title=Untersuchungen zum Titel S3-NJŚWT "Königssohn"|location=Bonn|publisher=Habelt|year=1976|series=Habelts Dissertationsdrucke: Reihe Ägyptologie, Heft 2|language=German|isbn=978-3-77-491370-7|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|title=Urkunden des Alten Reichs|url=http://www.egyptologyforum.org/EEFUrk.html|last=Sethe|first=Kurt Heinrich|author-link=Kurt Heinrich Sethe|year=1903|language=German|publisher=J.C. Hinrichs|location=Leipzig|oclc=846318602|ref=harv|others=wikipedia entry: [[Urkunden des Alten Reichs]]}}
*{{cite book|title=Urkunden des Alten Reichs|url=http://www.egyptologyforum.org/EEFUrk.html|last=Sethe|first=Kurt Heinrich|author-link=Kurt Heinrich Sethe|year=1903|language=German|publisher=J.C. Hinrichs|location=Leipzig|oclc=846318602|ref=harv|others=wikipedia entry: [[Urkunden des Alten Reichs]]}}
*{{cite book|first=William|last=Stevenson Smith|chapter=The Old Kingdom in Egypt|title=The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 2, Part 2: Early History of the Middle East|editor1-first=I. E. S.|editor1-last=Edwards|editor2-first=C. J.|editor2-last=Gadd|editor3-first=N. G. L.|editor3-last=Hammond|year=1971|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-52-107791-0|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slR7SFScEnwC&pg=PA188&dq=Unas&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UJz4VIjGLcbkUtbIgrgL&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Unas&f=false|pp=145&ndash;207|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=William|last=Stevenson Smith|chapter=The Old Kingdom in Egypt|title=The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 2, Part 2: Early History of the Middle East|editor1-first=I. E. S.|editor1-last=Edwards|editor2-first=C. J.|editor2-last=Gadd|editor3-first=N. G. L.|editor3-last=Hammond|year=1971|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-52-107791-0|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slR7SFScEnwC&pg=PA188&dq=Unas&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UJz4VIjGLcbkUtbIgrgL&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Unas&f=false|pp=145–207|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first1=Nigel C.|last1=Strudwick|year=2005|title=Texts from the Pyramid Age|series=Writings from the Ancient World (book 16)|publisher=Society of Biblical Literature|isbn=978-1-58983-680-8|location=Atlanta|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sgoVryxihuMC&dq=Unas+elephantine&q=unas#v=onepage&q=Unas&f=false|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first1=Nigel C.|last1=Strudwick|year=2005|title=Texts from the Pyramid Age|series=Writings from the Ancient World (book 16)|publisher=Society of Biblical Literature|isbn=978-1-58983-680-8|location=Atlanta|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sgoVryxihuMC&dq=Unas+elephantine&q=unas#v=onepage&q=Unas&f=false|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|series=Guida d'Italia del T.C.I.|title=Firenze e provincia|location=Milano|publisher=Touring Club Italiano|year=1993|url=http://books.google.de/books?id=-KcSPmzkGakC&lpg=PP1&hl=de&pg=PA353#v=onepage&q&f=false|ref={{harvid|Touring Club Italiano|1993}}|isbn=978-8-83-650533-3}}
*{{cite book|series=Guida d'Italia del T.C.I.|title=Firenze e provincia|location=Milano|publisher=Touring Club Italiano|year=1993|url=http://books.google.de/books?id=-KcSPmzkGakC&lpg=PP1&hl=de&pg=PA353#v=onepage&q&f=false|ref={{harvid|Touring Club Italiano|1993}}|isbn=978-8-83-650533-3}}
*{{cite web|title=Vase with the name of king Unas|access-date=21 February 2015|url=http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=9601|website=Global Egyptian Museum|ref={{harvid|Vase of Unas|2015}}}}
*{{cite web|title=Vase with the name of king Unas|access-date=21 February 2015|url=http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=9601|website=Global Egyptian Museum|ref={{harvid|Vase of Unas|2015}}}}
*{{cite journal |last=Verner |first=Miroslav |date=2001a |title=Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology |url=http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/verner_archiv_or_69.pdf |journal=Archiv Orientální |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=363&ndash;418 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal |last=Verner |first=Miroslav |date=2001a |title=Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology |url=http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/verner_archiv_or_69.pdf |journal=Archiv Orientální |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=363–418 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Miroslav|last=Verner|chapter=Old Kingdom: An Overview|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|date=2001b|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=585&ndash;591|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Miroslav|last=Verner|chapter=Old Kingdom: An Overview|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|date=2001b|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=585–591|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Miroslav|last=Verner|chapter=Pyramid|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001c|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn= 978-0-19-513823-8|pp=87&ndash;95|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|first=Miroslav|last=Verner|chapter=Pyramid|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001c|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn= 978-0-19-513823-8|pp=87–95|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Verner|first=Miroslav|year=2003|title=Abusir: The Realm of Osiris|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|isbn= 978-977-424-723-1|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Verner|first=Miroslav|year=2003|title=Abusir: The Realm of Osiris|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|isbn= 978-977-424-723-1|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Wachsmann|first=Shelley|year=1998|title=Seagoing Ships and Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant|publisher=College Station: Texas A & M University Press|isbn=978-0-89096-709-6|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=jBM0VKDXFcPxaOjogogF&id=apna4pv7Ks8C&q=Unas#v=snippet&q=Unas&f=false|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Wachsmann|first=Shelley|year=1998|title=Seagoing Ships and Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant|publisher=College Station: Texas A & M University Press|isbn=978-0-89096-709-6|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=jBM0VKDXFcPxaOjogogF&id=apna4pv7Ks8C&q=Unas#v=snippet&q=Unas&f=false|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|first=Bruce|last=Williams|year=1981|title=The Tomb Chapels of Netjer-User and Unis-Ankh|journal=Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin|location=Chicago|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Walsten|pp=26&ndash;32|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|first=Bruce|last=Williams|year=1981|title=The Tomb Chapels of Netjer-User and Unis-Ankh|journal=Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin|location=Chicago|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Walsten|pp=26–32|ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Djedkare Isesi]] }}
{{s-bef | before=[[Djedkare Isesi]] }}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Firaun|Firaun Mesir]] | years=[[dinasti Mesir kelima|Dinasti kelima]]<br><small>(end of dynasty)</small>}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Firaun|Firaun Mesir]] | years=[[dinasti kelima Mesir|Dinasti kelima]]<br><small>(end of dynasty)</small>}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Teti]]}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Teti]]}}
{{end}}
{{end}}
Baris 134: Baris 134:
{{Firaun}}
{{Firaun}}


{{Persondata
| NAME = Unas
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Oenas, Onnos, Unis, Wenis
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Firaun Mesir
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Unas}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Unas}}
[[Kategori:Firaun]]
[[Kategori:Firaun]]

Revisi terkini sejak 11 Agustus 2024 01.47

Unas /ˈjnəs/ atau Wenis juga disebut Unis (bentuk Helenisasi Oenas /ˈnəs/ atau Onnos) adalah seorang firaun Mesir Kuno, penguasa kesembilan dan terakhir dari Dinasti Kelima pada masa Kerajaan Lama. Unas memerintah selama 15 sampai 30 tahun pada pertengana abad ke-24 SM menggantikan Djedkare Isesi, yang dipercaya adalah ayahnya. Sedikit yang diketahui tentang aktivitas Unas pada masa pemerintahannya. Mesir membuat hubungan dagang dengan pesisir Levantine dan Nubia dan aksi militer yang mengambil tempat di selatan Kanaan.

Unas membangun sebuah piramid di Saqqara, piramid kerajaan terkecil yang diselesaikan pada masa Kerajaan Lama.

  1. ^ Tanggal yang diproposalkan untuk masa pemerintahan Unas: 2404–2374 SM,[1][2] 2375–2345 SM,[3][4][5][6] 2367–2347 SM,[7] 2353–2323 SM,[8] 2342–2322 SM,[9] 2321–2306 SM[10] 2312–2282 SM.[11]

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ Altenmüller 2001, hlm. 600.
  2. ^ Hawass & Senussi 2008, hlm. 10.
  3. ^ Clayton 1994, hlm. 60.
  4. ^ Rice 1999, hlm. 213.
  5. ^ Malek 2000a, hlm. 102.
  6. ^ Lloyd 2010, hlm. xxxiv.
  7. ^ Strudwick 2005, hlm. xxx.
  8. ^ Arnold 1999.
  9. ^ von Beckerath 1999, hlm. 283.
  10. ^ Hornung 2012, hlm. 491.
  11. ^ Dodson & Hilton 2004, hlm. 288.
  12. ^ a b c d e Barsanti 1901, hlm. 254.
  13. ^ a b Petrie 1917, p. 18 & p. 63.
  14. ^ a b c d Baker 2008, hlm. 482.

Daftar pustaka

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Didahului oleh:
Djedkare Isesi
Firaun Mesir
Dinasti kelima
(end of dynasty)
Diteruskan oleh:
Teti