Bahasa Aram Kuno: Perbedaan antara revisi
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←Membuat halaman berisi '{{Infobox language | name = Aram Kuno | altname = | nativename = | region = awalnya di Syam, kemudian pernah menjadi basantara di Timur Tengah Kuno | era = Zaman Besi dan Zaman Klasik Akhemeniyah (k. 900–300 SM) | familycolor = Afro-Asiatic | fam2 = Semit | fam3 = Semit Barat | fam4 = Semit Tengah | fam5 = Rumpun b...' |
k Pengembalian suntingan oleh Griseldaaa (bicara) ke revisi terakhir oleh InternetArchiveBot Tag: Pengembalian Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
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| dia1 = [[Bahasa Aram Alkitabiah|Aram Alkitabiah]] |
| dia1 = [[Bahasa Aram Alkitabiah|Aram Alkitabiah]] |
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| dia2 = [[Bahasa Aram Kekaisaran|Aram Kekaisaran]] |
| dia2 = [[Bahasa Aram Kekaisaran|Aram Kekaisaran]] |
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| dia3 = [[Bahasa Samal|Samal]] |
| dia3 = [[Bahasa Samal|Samal]] ? |
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| iso3 = oar |
| iso3 = oar |
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| linglist = oar |
| linglist = oar |
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| Baris 36: | Baris 36: | ||
* {{Cite book|last=Beyer|first=Klaus|title=The Aramaic Language: Its Distribution and Subdivisions|year=1986|location=Göttingen|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|isbn=9783525535738|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZ53zpMQNLEC}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Beyer|first=Klaus|title=The Aramaic Language: Its Distribution and Subdivisions|year=1986|location=Göttingen|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|isbn=9783525535738|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZ53zpMQNLEC}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Briquel-Chatonnet|first=Françoise|chapter=Syriac as the Language of Eastern Christianity|title=The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook|year=2012|location=Berlin-Boston|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|pages=652–59|isbn=9783110251586|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SMzgBLT87MkC}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Briquel-Chatonnet|first=Françoise|chapter=Syriac as the Language of Eastern Christianity|title=The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook|year=2012|location=Berlin-Boston|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|pages=652–59|isbn=9783110251586|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SMzgBLT87MkC}} |
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* {{Cite journal|last=Brock|first=Sebastian P.|author-link=Sebastian P. Brock|title=Three Thousand Years of Aramaic Literature|journal=Aram Periodical|year=1989|volume=1|number=1|pages=11–23|url=https://www.aramsociety.org/periodical/published-papers}} |
* {{Cite journal|last=Brock|first=Sebastian P.|author-link=Sebastian P. Brock|title=Three Thousand Years of Aramaic Literature|journal=Aram Periodical|year=1989|volume=1|number=1|pages=11–23|url=https://www.aramsociety.org/periodical/published-papers|access-date=2021-07-26|archive-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427103802/https://www.aramsociety.org/periodical/published-papers/|dead-url=yes}} |
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* {{Cite journal|last=Collins|first=John J.|author-link=John J. Collins|title=The Aramaic of Daniel in the Light of Old Aramaic, by Zdravko Stefanovic|journal=Journal of Biblical Literature|year=1993|volume=112|number=4|pages=710–712|doi=10.2307/3267414|jstor=3267414|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3267414}} |
* {{Cite journal|last=Collins|first=John J.|author-link=John J. Collins|title=The Aramaic of Daniel in the Light of Old Aramaic, by Zdravko Stefanovic|journal=Journal of Biblical Literature|year=1993|volume=112|number=4|pages=710–712|doi=10.2307/3267414|jstor=3267414|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3267414}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Davies|first=Benjamin|author-link=Benjamin Davies (Hebraist)|title=A Compendious and Complete Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament|year=1872|location=London|publisher=Asher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=THIOAAAAYAAJ}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Davies|first=Benjamin|author-link=Benjamin Davies (Hebraist)|title=A Compendious and Complete Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament|year=1872|location=London|publisher=Asher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=THIOAAAAYAAJ}} |
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| Baris 48: | Baris 48: | ||
* {{Cite journal|last=Kautzsch|first=Emil F.|author-link=Emil Friedrich Kautzsch|title=The Aramaic Language|journal=Hebraica|year=1884b|volume=1|number=1–2|pages=98–115|doi=10.1086/368803|jstor=527111|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/527111|doi-access=free}} |
* {{Cite journal|last=Kautzsch|first=Emil F.|author-link=Emil Friedrich Kautzsch|title=The Aramaic Language|journal=Hebraica|year=1884b|volume=1|number=1–2|pages=98–115|doi=10.1086/368803|jstor=527111|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/527111|doi-access=free}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Kautzsch|first=Emil F.|author-link=Emil Friedrich Kautzsch|title=Die Aramaismen im Alten Testament untersucht|year=1902|location=Halle|publisher=Niemeyer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srZJAQAAIAAJ}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Kautzsch|first=Emil F.|author-link=Emil Friedrich Kautzsch|title=Die Aramaismen im Alten Testament untersucht|year=1902|location=Halle|publisher=Niemeyer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srZJAQAAIAAJ}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Kitchen|first=Kenneth A.|author-link=Kenneth Kitchen|chapter=The Aramaic of Daniel|title=Notes on Some Problems in the Book of Daniel|year=1965|location=London|publisher=Tyndale Press|pages=31–79|chapter-url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/daniel_kitchen.pdf}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Kitchen|first=Kenneth A.|author-link=Kenneth Kitchen|chapter=The Aramaic of Daniel|title=Notes on Some Problems in the Book of Daniel|year=1965|location=London|publisher=Tyndale Press|pages=31–79|chapter-url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/daniel_kitchen.pdf|access-date=2021-07-26|archive-date=2020-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031201608/https://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/daniel_kitchen.pdf|dead-url=yes}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Lipiński|first=Edward|author-link=Edward Lipiński (orientalist)|title=The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion|year=2000|location=Leuven|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=9789042908598|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrMKKtiBBI4C}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Lipiński|first=Edward|author-link=Edward Lipiński (orientalist)|title=The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion|year=2000|location=Leuven|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=9789042908598|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrMKKtiBBI4C}} |
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* T. Muraoka & B. Porten (2004). ''A Grammar of Egyptian Aramaic''. Handbook of Oriental Studies, The Near and Middle East. Brill. |
* T. Muraoka & B. Porten (2004). ''A Grammar of Egyptian Aramaic''. Handbook of Oriental Studies, The Near and Middle East. Brill. |
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| Baris 54: | Baris 54: | ||
* [[Franz Rosenthal]] (1995). ''A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic''. 6th revised edition. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. |
* [[Franz Rosenthal]] (1995). ''A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic''. 6th revised edition. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. |
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* {{Cite book|last=Stefanovic|first=Zdravko|title=The Aramaic of Daniel in the Light of Old Aramaic|year=1992|location=Sheffield|publisher=Sheffield Academic Press|isbn=9780567132543|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8kfr5lrsXCIC}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Stefanovic|first=Zdravko|title=The Aramaic of Daniel in the Light of Old Aramaic|year=1992|location=Sheffield|publisher=Sheffield Academic Press|isbn=9780567132543|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8kfr5lrsXCIC}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Younger|first=Kenneth Lawson|title=A Political History of the Arameans: From Their Origins to the End of Their Polities|year=2016|location=Atlanta |
* {{Cite book|last=Younger|first=Kenneth Lawson|title=A Political History of the Arameans: From Their Origins to the End of Their Polities|year=2016|location=Atlanta|publisher=SBL Press|isbn=9781628370843|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpgsDQAAQBAJ}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Aram Kuno, bahasa}} |
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[[Category:Aramaic languages|Old Aramaic]] |
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[[Kategori:Bahasa Aram|Kuno]] |
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[[Category:Extinct languages|Aramaic, Old]] |
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[[Kategori:Timur Dekat Kuno]] |
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[[Category:Assyria|Aramaic]] |
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[[Category:Languages attested from the 10th century BC]] |
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[[Category:10th-century establishments in Asia]] |
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[[Category:Languages extinct in the 3rd century]] |
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[[Category:3rd-century disestablishments]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 14 Mei 2023 05.17
| Bahasa Aram Kuno | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wilayah | awalnya di Syam, kemudian pernah menjadi basantara di Timur Tengah Kuno | ||||
| Era | Zaman Besi dan Zaman Klasik Akhemeniyah (k. 900–300 SM) | ||||
| Dialek |
Samal ?
| ||||
| Kode bahasa | |||||
| ISO 639-3 | oar | ||||
LINGUIST List  | oar | ||||
| Glottolog | olda1245[1]impe1235[2] | ||||
| IETF | oar | ||||
| |||||
 Portal Bahasa | |||||
Bahasa Aram Kuno adalah bentuk awal dari perkembangan bahasa Aram, dikenal dari peninggalan prasasti-prasasti berbahasa Kanaan dan Aram yang ditemukan sejak abad ke-19 Masehi.[5]
Muncul sebagai bahasa negara-kota Bangsa Aram di Syam pada Zaman Besi Awal, bahasa Aram Kuno pernah menjadi basantara, dan dalam peran ini diwarisi untuk penggunaan resmi oleh Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah selama Zaman Klasik. Setelah jatuhnya Kekaisaran Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah, bahasa lokal menjadi semakin menonjol, mengurangi kesinambungan dialek bahasa Aram dan pengembangan kaidah tertulis baku yang semakin berbeda.
Bentuk bahasa ini berubah menjadi bahasa Aram Pertengahan ragam Suryani pada abad ke-3 Masehi (ditandai oleh kebangkitan Kekaisaran Sasaniyah pada tahun 224 M).[6][7]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Old Aramaic-Sam'alian". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Spanyol, Rusia, and Tionghoa). UNESCO. 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2011.
- ^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 31 Mei 2022. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2022.
- ^ Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften. Worvort zur 1. Auflage, p.XI. 1961.
Seit dem Erscheinen von Mark Lidzbarskis "Handbuch der Nordsemitischen Epigraphik" (1898) und G. A. Cooke's "Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions" (1903) ist es bis zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt nicht wieder unternommen worden, das nordwestsemitische In schriftenmaterial gesammelt und kommentiert herauszugeben, um es Forschern und Stu denten zugänglich zu machen.... Um diesem Desideratum mit Rücksicht auf die Bedürfnisse von Forschung und Lehre abzu helfen, legen wir hiermit unter dem Titel "Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften" (KAI) eine Auswahl aus dem gesamten Bestände der einschlägigen Texte vor
- ^ Healey 2012, hlm. 637–52.
- ^ Briquel-Chatonnet 2012, hlm. 652–59.
Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Beyer, Klaus (1986). The Aramaic Language: Its Distribution and Subdivisions. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 9783525535738.
- Briquel-Chatonnet, Françoise (2012). "Syriac as the Language of Eastern Christianity". The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 652–59. ISBN 9783110251586.
- Brock, Sebastian P. (1989). "Three Thousand Years of Aramaic Literature". Aram Periodical. 1 (1): 11–23. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-04-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-26.
- Collins, John J. (1993). "The Aramaic of Daniel in the Light of Old Aramaic, by Zdravko Stefanovic". Journal of Biblical Literature. 112 (4): 710–712. doi:10.2307/3267414. JSTOR 3267414.
- Davies, Benjamin (1872). A Compendious and Complete Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. London: Asher.
- Fürst, Julius (1867). A Hebrew & Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament: With an Introduction Giving a Short History of Hebrew Lexicography. London: Williams & Norgate.
- Gallagher, Edmon L. (2012). Hebrew Scripture in Patristic Biblical Theory: Canon, Language, Text. Leiden-Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004228023.
- Gesenius, Wilhelm; Prideaux-Tregelles, Samuel (1859). Gesenius's Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures. London: Bagster.
- Gzella, Holger (2015). A Cultural History of Aramaic: From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam. Leiden-Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004285101.
- Healey, John F. (2007). "The Edessan Milieu and the Birth of Syriac" (PDF). Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies. 10 (2): 115–127.
- Healey, John F. (2012). "Syriac". The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 637–52. ISBN 9783110251586.
- Kautzsch, Emil F. (1884a). Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischen: Mit einer Kritischen Erörterung der aramäischen Wörter im Neuen Testament. Leipzig: Vogel.
- Kautzsch, Emil F. (1884b). "The Aramaic Language". Hebraica. 1 (1–2): 98–115. doi:10.1086/368803
. JSTOR 527111. - Kautzsch, Emil F. (1902). Die Aramaismen im Alten Testament untersucht. Halle: Niemeyer.
- Kitchen, Kenneth A. (1965). "The Aramaic of Daniel" (PDF). Notes on Some Problems in the Book of Daniel. London: Tyndale Press. hlm. 31–79. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2020-10-31. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-26.
- Lipiński, Edward (2000). The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9789042908598.
- T. Muraoka & B. Porten (2004). A Grammar of Egyptian Aramaic. Handbook of Oriental Studies, The Near and Middle East. Brill.
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1871). "Die Namen der aramäischen Nation und Sprache". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 25 (1–2): 113–131. JSTOR 43366019.
- Franz Rosenthal (1995). A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. 6th revised edition. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
- Stefanovic, Zdravko (1992). The Aramaic of Daniel in the Light of Old Aramaic. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9780567132543.
- Younger, Kenneth Lawson (2016). A Political History of the Arameans: From Their Origins to the End of Their Polities. Atlanta: SBL Press. ISBN 9781628370843.
