Actinopterygii: Perbedaan antara revisi
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
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Baris 62: | Baris 62: | ||
; Megacohort [[Elopocephalai]] Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999 |
; Megacohort [[Elopocephalai]] Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999 |
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* Superordo([[Elopomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966) |
* Superordo([[Elopomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966) |
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** Ordo [[Elopiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Elopiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Albuliformes]] |
** Ordo [[Albuliformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Notacanthiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Notacanthiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Anguilliformes]] Regan 190 |
** Ordo [[Sidat|Anguilliformes]] Regan 190 |
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; Megacohort [[Osteoglossocephalai]]''' sensu Arratia 1999 |
; Megacohort [[Osteoglossocephalai]]''' sensu Arratia 1999 |
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;; Supercohort [[Osteoglossocephala]]''' sensu Arratia 1999 ([[Osteoglossomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966) |
;; Supercohort [[Osteoglossocephala]]''' sensu Arratia 1999 ([[Osteoglossomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966) |
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** Ordo †[[Ichthyodectiformes]] Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969 |
** Ordo †[[Ichthyodectiformes]] Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969 |
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** Ordo †[[Lycopteriformes]] |
** Ordo †[[Lycopteriformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Osteoglossiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Osteoglossiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Hiodontiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Hiodontiformes]] |
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;; Supercohort [[Clupeocephala]] Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010 |
;; Supercohort [[Clupeocephala]] Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010 |
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** Ordo †[[Crossognathiformes]] Taverne 1989 |
** Ordo †[[Crossognathiformes]] Taverne 1989 |
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Baris 78: | Baris 78: | ||
* Superordo [[Clupeomorpha]] |
* Superordo [[Clupeomorpha]] |
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** Ordo †[[Ellimmyichthyiformes]] Grande 1982 |
** Ordo †[[Ellimmyichthyiformes]] Grande 1982 |
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** Ordo [[Clupeiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Clupeiformes]] |
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;;;; Subcohort [[Alepocephali]] |
;;;; Subcohort [[Alepocephali]] |
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** Ordo [[Alepocephaliformes]] |
** Ordo [[Alepocephaliformes]] |
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;;;; Subcohort [[Ostariophysi]] Sagemehl 1885 |
;;;; Subcohort [[Ostariophysi]] Sagemehl 1885 |
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;;;;;; Section [[Anotophysa]] Rosen 1970 |
;;;;;; Section [[Anotophysa]] Rosen 1970 |
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** Ordo [[Gonorynchiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Gonorynchiformes]] |
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;;;;;; Section [[Otophysa]] Garstang 1931 |
;;;;;; Section [[Otophysa]] Garstang 1931 |
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** Ordo [[Cypriniformes]] ([[Barb (fish)|barbs]], [[carp]], [[danio]], [[ikan mas]], [[Loach (ikan)|loach]], [[minnow]], [[rasbora]]) |
** Ordo [[Cypriniformes]] ([[Barb (fish)|barbs]], [[carp]], [[danio]], [[ikan mas]], [[Loach (ikan)|loach]], [[minnow]], [[rasbora]]) |
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** Ordo [[Characiformes]] ([[characin]], [[ikan pensil]], [[Freshwater hatchetfish|hatchetfishes]], [[piranha]], [[tetra]], [[Golden dorado|dourado / golden (genus ''Salminus'')]] and [[Piaractus mesopotamicus|pacu]]) |
** Ordo [[Characiformes]] ([[characin]], [[ikan pensil]], [[Freshwater hatchetfish|hatchetfishes]], [[piranha]], [[tetra]], [[Golden dorado|dourado / golden (genus ''Salminus'')]] and [[Piaractus mesopotamicus|pacu]]) |
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** Ordo [[Gymnotiformes]] ([[Sidat listrik]] dan [[knifefish (disambiguation)|knifefishes]]) |
** Ordo [[Gymnotiformes]] ([[Sidat listrik]] dan [[knifefish (disambiguation)|knifefishes]]) |
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** Ordo [[Siluriformes]] ( |
** Ordo [[Siluriformes]] (Ikan berkumis) |
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;;; Cohort [[Euteleosteomorpha]] ([[Euteleostei]] Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996]) |
;;; Cohort [[Euteleosteomorpha]] ([[Euteleostei]] Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996]) |
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;;;; Subcohort [[Lepidogalaxii]] |
;;;; Subcohort [[Lepidogalaxii]] |
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** Ordo [[Lepidogalaxiiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Lepidogalaxiiformes]] |
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;;;; Subcohort [[Protacanthopterygii]] sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996 |
;;;; Subcohort [[Protacanthopterygii]] sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996 |
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** Ordo [[Argentiniformes]] |
** Ordo [[Argentiniformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Galaxiiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Galaxiiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Salmoniformes]] ([[salmon]] dan [[trout]]) |
** Ordo [[Salmoniformes]] ([[salmon]] dan [[trout]]) |
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** Ordo [[Esociformes]] ([[esox|pike]]) |
** Ordo [[Esociformes]] ([[esox|pike]]) |
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;;;; Subcohort [[Stomiati]] |
;;;; Subcohort [[Stomiati]] |
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** Ordo [[Osmeriformes]] |
** Ordo [[Osmeriformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Stomiatiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Stomiatiformes]] |
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;;;; Subcohort [[Neoteleostei]] Nelson 1969 |
;;;; Subcohort [[Neoteleostei]] Nelson 1969 |
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;;;;; Infracohort [[Ateleopodia]] |
;;;;; Infracohort [[Ateleopodia]] |
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** Ordo [[Ateleopodiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Ateleopodiformes]] |
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;;;;; Infracohort [[Eurypterygia]] Rosen 1973 |
;;;;; Infracohort [[Eurypterygia]] Rosen 1973 |
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;;;;;; Section [[Aulopa]] [Cyclosquamata] |
;;;;;; Section [[Aulopa]] [Cyclosquamata] |
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** Ordo [[Aulopiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Aulopiformes]] |
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;;;;;; Section [[Ctenosquamata]] Rosen 1973 |
;;;;;; Section [[Ctenosquamata]] Rosen 1973 |
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;;;;;;; Subsection [[Myctophata]] * Superordo [[Scopelomorpha]] |
;;;;;;; Subsection [[Myctophata]] * Superordo [[Scopelomorpha]] |
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** Ordo [[Myctophiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Myctophiformes]] |
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;;;;;;; Subsection [[Acanthomorphata]] |
;;;;;;; Subsection [[Acanthomorphata]] |
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;;;;;;;; Division [[Lampridacea]] * Superordo [[Lampridiomorpha]] |
;;;;;;;; Division [[Lampridacea]] * Superordo [[Lampridiomorpha]] |
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** Ordo [[Lampriformes]] ([[oarfish]], [[opah]] dan |
** Ordo [[Lampriformes]] ([[oarfish]], [[opah]] dan lainnya) |
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;;;;;;;; Division [[Paracanthomorphacea]] sensu Grande et al. 2013 ([[Paracanthopterygii]] Greenwood 1937) |
;;;;;;;; Division [[Paracanthomorphacea]] sensu Grande et al. 2013 ([[Paracanthopterygii]] Greenwood 1937) |
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** Ordo [[Percopsiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Percopsiformes]] |
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** Ordo †[[Sphenocephaliformes]] |
** Ordo †[[Sphenocephaliformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Zeiiformes]] ([[dori (ikan)|dori]]) |
** Ordo [[Zeiiformes]] ([[dori (ikan)|dori]]) |
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Baris 122: | Baris 122: | ||
** Ordo †[[Pattersonichtyiformes]] |
** Ordo †[[Pattersonichtyiformes]] |
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** Ordo †[[Ctenothrissiformes]] |
** Ordo †[[Ctenothrissiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Polymixiiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Polymixiiformes]] |
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;;;;;;;; Divisi [[Euacanthomorphacea]] sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 ([[Acanthopterygii]] Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994) |
;;;;;;;; Divisi [[Euacanthomorphacea]] sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 ([[Acanthopterygii]] Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994) |
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;;;;;;;;; Subdivisi [[Berycimorphaceae]] |
;;;;;;;;; Subdivisi [[Berycimorphaceae]] |
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** Ordo [[Beryciformes]] |
** Ordo [[Beryciformes]] |
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;;;;;;;;; Subdivisi [[Holocentrimorphaceae]] |
;;;;;;;;; Subdivisi [[Holocentrimorphaceae]] |
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** Ordo [[Stephanoberyciformes]] |
** Ordo [[Stephanoberyciformes]] |
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Baris 132: | Baris 132: | ||
;;;;;;;;; Subdivisi [[Percomorphaceae]] ([[Percomorpha]] sensu Miya et al. 2003; [[Acanthopteri]]) |
;;;;;;;;; Subdivisi [[Percomorphaceae]] ([[Percomorpha]] sensu Miya et al. 2003; [[Acanthopteri]]) |
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;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Ophidiimopharia]] |
;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Ophidiimopharia]] |
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** Ordo [[Ophidiiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Ophidiiformes]] |
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;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Batrachoidimopharia]] |
;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Batrachoidimopharia]] |
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** Ordo [[Batrachoidiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Batrachoidiformes]] |
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;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Gobiomopharia]] |
;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Gobiomopharia]] |
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** Ordo [[Kurtiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Kurtiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Gobiiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Gobiiformes]] |
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;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Scombrimopharia]] |
;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Scombrimopharia]] |
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** Ordo [[Syngnathiformes]] ([[Kuda laut]] dan [[ |
** Ordo [[Syngnathiformes]] ([[Kuda laut]] dan [[Ikan pipa]]<ref>Dalam Nelson dan ITIS, [[Syngnathiformes]] ditempatkan dalam subordo Syngnathoidei dari ordo [[Gasterosteiformes]].</ref>) |
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** Ordo [[Scombriformes]] |
** Ordo [[Scombriformes]] |
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;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Carangimopharia]] |
;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Carangimopharia]] |
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;;;;;;;;;;; Sub Seri [[Anabantaria]] |
;;;;;;;;;;; Sub Seri [[Anabantaria]] |
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** Ordo [[Synbranchiformes]] ([[ |
** Ordo [[Synbranchiformes]] ([[Belut]] dan Tilan) |
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** Ordo [[Anabantiformes]] ([[Labyrinthici]]) |
** Ordo [[Anabantiformes]] ([[Labyrinthici]]) |
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;;;;;;;;;;; Sub Seri [[Carangaria]] |
;;;;;;;;;;; Sub Seri [[Carangaria]] |
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Baris 149: | Baris 149: | ||
** Ordo [[Istiophoriformes]] |
** Ordo [[Istiophoriformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Carangiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Carangiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Pleuronectiformes]] ( |
** Ordo [[Pleuronectiformes]] (Ikan setengah) |
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;;;;;;;;;;; Sub Seri [[Ovalentaria]] sensu Smith & Near 2012 ([[Stiassnyiformes]] sensu Li et al. 2009) |
;;;;;;;;;;; Sub Seri [[Ovalentaria]] sensu Smith & Near 2012 ([[Stiassnyiformes]] sensu Li et al. 2009) |
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;;;;;;;;;;; Ovalentaria incertae sedis |
;;;;;;;;;;; Ovalentaria incertae sedis |
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** Ordo [[Pholidichthyiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Pholidichthyiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Cichliformes]] |
** Ordo [[Cichliformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Atheriniformes]] |
** Ordo [[Atheriniformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Cyprinodontiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Cyprinodontiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Beloniformes]] |
** Ordo [[Beloniformes]] (incl. [[Gobiesociformes]]<ref>Dalam ITIS, [[Gobiesociformes]] ditempatkan dalam subordo Gobiesocoidei dari ordo [[Perciformes]].</ref>) |
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** Ordo [[Mugiliformes]] |
** Ordo [[Mugiliformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Blenniiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Blenniiformes]] |
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;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Eupercaria]] ([[Percomorpharia]]) |
;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Eupercaria]] ([[Percomorpharia]]) |
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Baris 168: | Baris 168: | ||
** Ordo [[Spariformes]] |
** Ordo [[Spariformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Lophiiformes]] ([[anglerfish]]es) |
** Ordo [[Lophiiformes]] ([[anglerfish]]es) |
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** Ordo [[Tetraodontiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Tetraodontiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Uranoscopiformes]] ([[Paratrachinoidei]] sensu Li et al. 2009) |
** Ordo [[Uranoscopiformes]] ([[Paratrachinoidei]] sensu Li et al. 2009) |
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** Ordo [[Pempheriformes]] |
** Ordo [[Pempheriformes]] |
Revisi per 17 April 2023 07.23
Ikan bersirip kipas | |
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Klasifikasi ilmiah | |
Kerajaan: | |
Filum: | |
Superkelas: | |
Kelas: | Actinopterygii Klein, 1885
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Subkelas | |
Actinopterygii (/ˌæktɪnɒptəˈrɪdʒiaɪ/; dari actino-, berarti "memiliki kipas", dan bahasa Yunani Kuno πτέρυξ (ptérux), berarti "sayap, sirip"), yang anggotanya disebut sebagai ikan bersirip kipas, adalah klad (secara tradisi diklasifikasikan sebagai kelas atau subkelas) ikan bertulang.[1] Mereka mencakup 50% dari spesies vertebrata yang masih hidup.[2]
Actinopterygii mencakup banyak ikan yang dikenal awam sebagai ikan konsumsi maupun ikan hias/peliharaan. Secara evolusi, kelompok ini merupakan pengembangan lebih lanjut yang paling adaptif pada keadaan bumi pada masa kini. Sebagian besar jenis-jenis ikan yang hidup pada masa sekarang merupakan anggota kelompok ini.
Klasifikasi
Daftar di bawah mengikuti Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes[3] dengan catatan jika ini berbeda dari Nelson,[4] ITIS[5] dan FishBase.[6]
Subkelas Cladistii (Pander, 1860)
- Ordo †Guildayichthyiformes Lund 2000
- Ordo Polypteriformes[7]
Subkelas Actinopteri (Cope ,1972)
- Ordo †Tarrasiiformes
- Ordo †Cheirolepidiformes
- Ordo †Paramblypteriformes Heyler 1969
- Ordo †Rhadinichthyiformes
- Ordo †Phanerorhynchiformes
- Ordo †Luganoiiformes Lehman 1958
- Ordo †Haplolepidiformes
- Ordo †Ptycholepiformes
- Ordo †Platysomiformes
- Ordo †Palaeonisciformes
- Ordo †Pholidopleuriformes
- Ordo †Peltopleuriformes
- Ordo †Perleidiformes
Infra kelas Chondrostei
- Ordo Acipenseriformes
- Ordo †Saurichthyiformes
Infra kelas Neopterygii (Regan, 1923)
- Ordo †Pachycormiformes
Infra kelas Holostei
- Ordo †Parasemionotiformes Lehman 1966
- Ordo †Ionoscopiformes Grande & Bemis 1998
- Ordo †Pycnodontiformes Berg 1937
- Ordo †Semionotiformes Arambourg & Bertin 1958
- Ordo Lepisosteiformes
- Ordo Amiiformes
Infra kelas Teleostei (Müller, 1844)
- Ordo Aspidorhynchiformes
- Ordo Pholidophoriformes
- Ordo Leptolepidiformes
- Supercohort Teleocephala
- Megacohort Elopocephalai Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999
- Superordo(Elopomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966)
- Ordo Elopiformes
- Ordo Albuliformes
- Ordo Notacanthiformes
- Ordo Anguilliformes Regan 190
- Megacohort Osteoglossocephalai sensu Arratia 1999
- Supercohort Osteoglossocephala sensu Arratia 1999 (Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966)
- Ordo †Ichthyodectiformes Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969
- Ordo †Lycopteriformes
- Ordo Osteoglossiformes
- Ordo Hiodontiformes
- Supercohort Clupeocephala Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010
- Ordo †Crossognathiformes Taverne 1989
- Ordo †Tselfatiiformes Nelson 1994
- Cohort Otomorpha (Otocephala; Ostarioclupeomorpha)
- Superordo Clupeomorpha
- Ordo †Ellimmyichthyiformes Grande 1982
- Ordo Clupeiformes
- Subcohort Alepocephali
- Ordo Alepocephaliformes
- Subcohort Ostariophysi Sagemehl 1885
- Section Anotophysa Rosen 1970
- Ordo Gonorynchiformes
- Section Otophysa Garstang 1931
- Ordo Cypriniformes (barbs, carp, danio, ikan mas, loach, minnow, rasbora)
- Ordo Characiformes (characin, ikan pensil, hatchetfishes, piranha, tetra, dourado / golden (genus Salminus) and pacu)
- Ordo Gymnotiformes (Sidat listrik dan knifefishes)
- Ordo Siluriformes (Ikan berkumis)
- Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Euteleostei Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996])
- Subcohort Lepidogalaxii
- Ordo Lepidogalaxiiformes
- Subcohort Protacanthopterygii sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996
- Ordo Argentiniformes
- Ordo Galaxiiformes
- Ordo Salmoniformes (salmon dan trout)
- Ordo Esociformes (pike)
- Subcohort Stomiati
- Ordo Osmeriformes
- Ordo Stomiatiformes
- Subcohort Neoteleostei Nelson 1969
- Infracohort Ateleopodia
- Ordo Ateleopodiformes
- Infracohort Eurypterygia Rosen 1973
- Section Aulopa [Cyclosquamata]
- Ordo Aulopiformes
- Section Ctenosquamata Rosen 1973
- Subsection Myctophata * Superordo Scopelomorpha
- Ordo Myctophiformes
- Subsection Acanthomorphata
- Division Lampridacea * Superordo Lampridiomorpha
- Ordo Lampriformes (oarfish, opah dan lainnya)
- Division Paracanthomorphacea sensu Grande et al. 2013 (Paracanthopterygii Greenwood 1937)
- Ordo Percopsiformes
- Ordo †Sphenocephaliformes
- Ordo Zeiiformes (dori)
- Ordo Stylephoriformes
- Ordo Gadiformes (kod)
- Divisi Polymixiacea
- Superordo Polymyxiomorpha
- Ordo †Pattersonichtyiformes
- Ordo †Ctenothrissiformes
- Ordo Polymixiiformes
- Divisi Euacanthomorphacea sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 (Acanthopterygii Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994)
- Subdivisi Berycimorphaceae
- Ordo Beryciformes
- Subdivisi Holocentrimorphaceae
- Ordo Stephanoberyciformes
- Ordo Cetomimiformes
- Ordo Holocentriformes
- Subdivisi Percomorphaceae (Percomorpha sensu Miya et al. 2003; Acanthopteri)
- Seri Ophidiimopharia
- Ordo Ophidiiformes
- Seri Batrachoidimopharia
- Ordo Batrachoidiformes
- Seri Gobiomopharia
- Ordo Kurtiformes
- Ordo Gobiiformes
- Seri Scombrimopharia
- Ordo Syngnathiformes (Kuda laut dan Ikan pipa[8])
- Ordo Scombriformes
- Seri Carangimopharia
- Sub Seri Anabantaria
- Ordo Synbranchiformes (Belut dan Tilan)
- Ordo Anabantiformes (Labyrinthici)
- Sub Seri Carangaria
- Carangaria incertae sedis
- Ordo Istiophoriformes
- Ordo Carangiformes
- Ordo Pleuronectiformes (Ikan setengah)
- Sub Seri Ovalentaria sensu Smith & Near 2012 (Stiassnyiformes sensu Li et al. 2009)
- Ovalentaria incertae sedis
- Ordo Pholidichthyiformes
- Ordo Cichliformes
- Ordo Atheriniformes
- Ordo Cyprinodontiformes
- Ordo Beloniformes (incl. Gobiesociformes[9])
- Ordo Mugiliformes
- Ordo Blenniiformes
- Seri Eupercaria (Percomorpharia)
- Eupercaria incertae sedis
- Ordo Labriformes
- Ordo Ephippiformes
- Ordo Lobotiformes
- Ordo Acanthuriformes
- Ordo Chaetodontiformes
- Ordo Spariformes
- Ordo Lophiiformes (anglerfishes)
- Ordo Tetraodontiformes
- Ordo Uranoscopiformes (Paratrachinoidei sensu Li et al. 2009)
- Ordo Pempheriformes
- Ordo Centrarchiformes
- Ordo Perciformes (40% dari semua ikan, termasuk Anabantidae, Centrarchidae (termasuk bass dan mola-mola), cichlid, gobi, gurami, makarel, tuna, perches, scats, whiting, wrass, cupang) (termasuk Gasterosteiformes; Scorpaeniformes)
Referensi
- ^ Kardong, Kenneth (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. hlm. 99–100. ISBN 978-0-07-802302-6.
- ^ Nelson, Joseph S. (2016). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^ Betancur-R (2014). "Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-08-14. Diakses tanggal 2015-10-10.
- ^ Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
- ^ "Actinopterygii". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2006.
- ^ R. Froese and D. Pauly, editors (February 2006). "FishBase".
- ^ Dalam Nelson, Polypteriformes ditempatkan dalam subkelasnya sendiri Cladistia.
- ^ Dalam Nelson dan ITIS, Syngnathiformes ditempatkan dalam subordo Syngnathoidei dari ordo Gasterosteiformes.
- ^ Dalam ITIS, Gobiesociformes ditempatkan dalam subordo Gobiesocoidei dari ordo Perciformes.
Pranala luar
Media tentang Actinopterygii di Wikimedia Commons
Informasi terkait dengan Actinopterygii dari Wikispecies.