Actinopterygii: Perbedaan antara revisi
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
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Baris 56: | Baris 56: | ||
** Ordo [[Pholidophoriformes]] |
** Ordo [[Pholidophoriformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Leptolepidiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Leptolepidiformes]] |
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====== Supercohort '''[[Teleocephala]]''' ====== |
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===== Megacohort [[Elopocephalai]] Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999 ===== |
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* Superordo([[Elopomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966) |
* Superordo([[Elopomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966) |
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** Ordo [[Elopiformes]] ([[ladyfish]]es dan [[tarpon]]) |
** Ordo [[Elopiformes]] ([[ladyfish]]es dan [[tarpon]]) |
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Baris 63: | Baris 63: | ||
** Ordo [[Notacanthiformes]] ([[halosaurs]] dan [[spiny eel]]s) |
** Ordo [[Notacanthiformes]] ([[halosaurs]] dan [[spiny eel]]s) |
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** Ordo [[Anguilliformes]] Regan 190 ([[sidat]] sejati) |
** Ordo [[Anguilliformes]] Regan 190 ([[sidat]] sejati) |
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===== Megacohort ===== [[Osteoglossocephalai]]''' sensu Arratia 1999 |
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====== Supercohort [[Osteoglossocephala]]''' sensu Arratia 1999 ([[Osteoglossomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966) ====== |
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** Ordo †[[Ichthyodectiformes]] Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969 |
** Ordo †[[Ichthyodectiformes]] Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969 |
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** Ordo †[[Lycopteriformes]] |
** Ordo †[[Lycopteriformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Osteoglossiformes]] (bony-tongued fishes) |
** Ordo [[Osteoglossiformes]] (bony-tongued fishes) |
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** Ordo [[Hiodontiformes]] ([[mooneye]] dan [[goldeye]]) |
** Ordo [[Hiodontiformes]] ([[mooneye]] dan [[goldeye]]) |
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====== Supercohort [[Clupeocephala]] Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010 ====== |
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** Ordo †[[Crossognathiformes]] Taverne 1989 |
** Ordo †[[Crossognathiformes]] Taverne 1989 |
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** Ordo †[[Tselfatiiformes]] Nelson 1994 |
** Ordo †[[Tselfatiiformes]] Nelson 1994 |
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======= Cohort [[Otomorpha]] ([[Otocephala]]; [[Ostarioclupeomorpha]]) ======= |
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* Superordo [[Clupeomorpha]] |
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** Ordo †[[Ellimmyichthyiformes]] Grande 1982 |
** Ordo †[[Ellimmyichthyiformes]] Grande 1982 |
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** Ordo [[Clupeiformes]] ([[herring]] dan [[teri]]) |
** Ordo [[Clupeiformes]] ([[herring]] dan [[teri]]) |
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======== Subcohort [[Alepocephali]] ======== |
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** Ordo [[Alepocephaliformes]] |
** Ordo [[Alepocephaliformes]] |
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======== Subcohort [[Ostariophysi]] Sagemehl 1885 ======== |
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========= Section [[Anotophysa]] Rosen 1970 ========= |
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** Ordo [[Gonorynchiformes]] ([[milkfish]]es) |
** Ordo [[Gonorynchiformes]] ([[milkfish]]es) |
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========= Section [[Otophysa]] Garstang 1931 ========= |
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** Ordo [[Cypriniformes]] ([[Barb (fish)|barbs]], [[carp]], [[danio]], [[ikan mas]], [[Loach (ikan)|loach]], [[minnow]], [[rasbora]]) |
** Ordo [[Cypriniformes]] ([[Barb (fish)|barbs]], [[carp]], [[danio]], [[ikan mas]], [[Loach (ikan)|loach]], [[minnow]], [[rasbora]]) |
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** Ordo [[Characiformes]] ([[characin]], [[ikan pensil]], [[Freshwater hatchetfish|hatchetfishes]], [[piranha]], [[tetra]], [[Golden dorado|dourado / golden (genus ''Salminus'')]] and [[Piaractus mesopotamicus|pacu]]) |
** Ordo [[Characiformes]] ([[characin]], [[ikan pensil]], [[Freshwater hatchetfish|hatchetfishes]], [[piranha]], [[tetra]], [[Golden dorado|dourado / golden (genus ''Salminus'')]] and [[Piaractus mesopotamicus|pacu]]) |
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** Ordo [[Gymnotiformes]] ([[Sidat listrik]] dan [[knifefish (disambiguation)|knifefishes]]) |
** Ordo [[Gymnotiformes]] ([[Sidat listrik]] dan [[knifefish (disambiguation)|knifefishes]]) |
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** Ordo [[Siluriformes]] ([[lele]]) |
** Ordo [[Siluriformes]] ([[lele]]) |
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======= Cohort [[Euteleosteomorpha]] ([[Euteleostei]] Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996]) ======= |
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======== Subcohort [[Lepidogalaxii]] ======== |
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** Ordo [[Lepidogalaxiiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Lepidogalaxiiformes]] |
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======== Subcohort [[Protacanthopterygii]] sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996 ======== |
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** Ordo [[Argentiniformes]] ([[barreleye]]s and [[slickhead]]s) (formerly in Osmeriformes) |
** Ordo [[Argentiniformes]] ([[barreleye]]s and [[slickhead]]s) (formerly in Osmeriformes) |
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** Ordo [[Galaxiiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Galaxiiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Salmoniformes]] ([[salmon]] dan [[trout]]) |
** Ordo [[Salmoniformes]] ([[salmon]] dan [[trout]]) |
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** Ordo [[Esociformes]] ([[esox|pike]]) |
** Ordo [[Esociformes]] ([[esox|pike]]) |
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======== Subcohort [[Stomiati]] ======== |
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** Ordo [[Osmeriformes]] ([[Smelt (fish)|smelts]]) |
** Ordo [[Osmeriformes]] ([[Smelt (fish)|smelts]]) |
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** Ordo [[Stomiatiformes]] ([[bristlemouth]] dan [[marine hatchetfish]]es) |
** Ordo [[Stomiatiformes]] ([[bristlemouth]] dan [[marine hatchetfish]]es) |
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======== Subcohort [[Neoteleostei]] Nelson 1969 ======== |
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========= Infracohort [[Ateleopodia]] ========= |
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** Ordo [[Ateleopodiformes]] ([[jellynose fish]]) |
** Ordo [[Ateleopodiformes]] ([[jellynose fish]]) |
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========= Infracohort [[Eurypterygia]] Rosen 1973 ========= |
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========== Section [[Aulopa]] [Cyclosquamata] ========== |
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** Ordo [[Aulopiformes]] ([[Bombay duck]] dan [[lancetfish]]es) |
** Ordo [[Aulopiformes]] ([[Bombay duck]] dan [[lancetfish]]es) |
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========== Section [[Ctenosquamata]] Rosen 1973 ========== |
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=========== Subsection [[Myctophata]] =========== * Superordo [[Scopelomorpha]] |
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** Ordo [[Myctophiformes]] ([[lanternfish]]es) |
** Ordo [[Myctophiformes]] ([[lanternfish]]es) |
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=========== Subsection [[Acanthomorphata]] =========== |
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============ Division [[Lampridacea]] ============ * Superordo [[Lampridiomorpha]] |
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** Ordo [[Lampriformes]] ([[oarfish]], [[opah]] dan [[ribbonfishes]]) |
** Ordo [[Lampriformes]] ([[oarfish]], [[opah]] dan [[ribbonfishes]]) |
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============ Division [[Paracanthomorphacea]] sensu Grande et al. 2013 ([[Paracanthopterygii]] Greenwood 1937) ============ |
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** Ordo [[Percopsiformes]] ([[Amblyopsidae|cavefishes]] dan [[trout-perch]]es) |
** Ordo [[Percopsiformes]] ([[Amblyopsidae|cavefishes]] dan [[trout-perch]]es) |
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** Ordo †[[Sphenocephaliformes]] |
** Ordo †[[Sphenocephaliformes]] |
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Baris 115: | Baris 115: | ||
** Ordo [[Stylephoriformes]] |
** Ordo [[Stylephoriformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Gadiformes]] ([[kod]]) |
** Ordo [[Gadiformes]] ([[kod]]) |
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============ Divisi [[Polymixiacea]] ============ |
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* Superordo [[Polymyxiomorpha]] |
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** Ordo †[[Pattersonichtyiformes]] |
** Ordo †[[Pattersonichtyiformes]] |
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** Ordo †[[Ctenothrissiformes]] |
** Ordo †[[Ctenothrissiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Polymixiiformes]] ([[beardfish]]es) |
** Ordo [[Polymixiiformes]] ([[beardfish]]es) |
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============ Divisi [[Euacanthomorphacea]] sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 ([[Acanthopterygii]] Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994) ============ |
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============= Subdivisi [[Berycimorphaceae]] ============= |
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** Ordo [[Beryciformes]] ([[fangtooth]]s and [[pineconefish]]es) |
** Ordo [[Beryciformes]] ([[fangtooth]]s and [[pineconefish]]es) |
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============= Subdivisi [[Holocentrimorphaceae]] ============= ** Ordo [[Stephanoberyciformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Cetomimiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Holocentriformes]] |
** Ordo [[Holocentriformes]] |
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============= Subdivisi [[Percomorphaceae]] ============= ([[Percomorpha]] sensu Miya et al. 2003; [[Acanthopteri]]) ============= |
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============== Seri [[Ophidiimopharia]] ============== |
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** Ordo [[Ophidiiformes]] ([[pearlfish]]es) |
** Ordo [[Ophidiiformes]] ([[pearlfish]]es) |
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============== Seri [[Batrachoidimopharia]] ============== |
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** Ordo [[Batrachoidiformes]] ([[Batrachoididae|toadfishes]]) |
** Ordo [[Batrachoidiformes]] ([[Batrachoididae|toadfishes]]) |
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============== Seri [[Gobiomopharia]] ============== |
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** Ordo [[Kurtiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Kurtiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Gobiiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Gobiiformes]] |
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============== Seri [[Scombrimopharia]] ============== |
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** Ordo [[Syngnathiformes]] ([[Kuda laut]] dan [[pipefish]]<ref>Dalam Nelson dan ITIS, [[Syngnathiformes]] ditempatkan dalam subordo Syngnathoidei dari ordo [[Gasterosteiformes]].</ref>) |
** Ordo [[Syngnathiformes]] ([[Kuda laut]] dan [[pipefish]]<ref>Dalam Nelson dan ITIS, [[Syngnathiformes]] ditempatkan dalam subordo Syngnathoidei dari ordo [[Gasterosteiformes]].</ref>) |
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** Ordo [[Scombriformes]] |
** Ordo [[Scombriformes]] |
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============== Seri [[Carangimopharia]] ============== |
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=============== Sub Seri [[Anabantaria]] =============== |
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** Ordo [[Synbranchiformes]] ([[swamp eel]]s) |
** Ordo [[Synbranchiformes]] ([[swamp eel]]s) |
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** Ordo [[Anabantiformes]] ([[Labyrinthici]]) |
** Ordo [[Anabantiformes]] ([[Labyrinthici]]) |
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============== Sub Seri [[Carangaria]] =============== |
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================ Carangaria incertae sedis ================ |
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** Ordo [[Istiophoriformes]] |
** Ordo [[Istiophoriformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Carangiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Carangiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Pleuronectiformes]] ([[flatfish]]es) |
** Ordo [[Pleuronectiformes]] ([[flatfish]]es) |
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=============== Sub Seri [[Ovalentaria]] sensu Smith & Near 2012 ([[Stiassnyiformes]] sensu Li et al. 2009) ============== |
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================ Ovalentaria incertae sedis ================ |
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** Ordo [[Pholidichthyiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Pholidichthyiformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Cichliformes]] |
** Ordo [[Cichliformes]] |
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Baris 153: | Baris 155: | ||
** Ordo [[Mugiliformes]] ([[mullet (fish)|mullets]]) |
** Ordo [[Mugiliformes]] ([[mullet (fish)|mullets]]) |
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** Ordo [[Blenniiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Blenniiformes]] |
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============== Seri [[Eupercaria]] ([[Percomorpharia]]) ============== |
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================ Eupercaria incertae sedis ================ |
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** Ordo [[Labriformes]] |
** Ordo [[Labriformes]] |
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** Ordo [[Ephippiformes]] |
** Ordo [[Ephippiformes]] |
Revisi per 13 Maret 2023 02.48
Ikan bersirip kipas | |
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Klasifikasi ilmiah | |
Kerajaan: | |
Filum: | |
Superkelas: | |
Kelas: | Actinopterygii Klein, 1885
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Subkelas | |
Actinopterygii (/ˌæktɪnɒptəˈrɪdʒiaɪ/; dari actino-, berarti "memiliki kipas", dan bahasa Yunani Kuno πτέρυξ (ptérux), berarti "sayap, sirip"), yang anggotanya disebut sebagai ikan bersirip kipas, adalah klad (secara tradisi diklasifikasikan sebagai kelas atau subkelas) ikan bertulang.[1] Mereka mencakup 50% dari spesies vertebrata yang masih hidup.[2]
Actinopterygii mencakup banyak ikan yang dikenal awam sebagai ikan konsumsi maupun ikan hias/peliharaan. Secara evolusi, kelompok ini merupakan pengembangan lebih lanjut yang paling adaptif pada keadaan bumi pada masa kini. Sebagian besar jenis-jenis ikan yang hidup pada masa sekarang merupakan anggota kelompok ini.
Klasifikasi
Daftar di bawah mengikuti Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes[3] dengan catatan jika ini berbeda dari Nelson,[4] ITIS[5] dan FishBase.[6]
Subkelas Cladistii (Pander, 1860)
- Ordo †Guildayichthyiformes Lund 2000
- Ordo Polypteriformes (bichirs and reedfishes)[7]
Subkelas Actinopteri (Cope ,1972)
- Ordo †Tarrasiiformes
- Ordo †Cheirolepidiformes
- Ordo †Paramblypteriformes Heyler 1969
- Ordo †Rhadinichthyiformes
- Ordo †Phanerorhynchiformes
- Ordo †Luganoiiformes Lehman 1958
- Ordo †Haplolepidiformes
- Ordo †Ptycholepiformes
- Ordo †Platysomiformes
- Ordo †Palaeonisciformes
- Ordo †Pholidopleuriformes
- Ordo †Peltopleuriformes
- Ordo †Perleidiformes
Infra kelas Chondrostei
- Ordo Acipenseriformes (sturgeons and paddlefishes)
- Ordo †Saurichthyiformes
Infra kelas Neopterygii (Regan, 1923)
- Ordo †Pachycormiformes
Infra kelas Holostei
- Ordo †Parasemionotiformes Lehman 1966
- Ordo †Ionoscopiformes Grande & Bemis 1998
- Ordo †Pycnodontiformes Berg 1937
- Ordo †Semionotiformes Arambourg & Bertin 1958
- Ordo Lepisosteiformes (gars)
- Ordo Amiiformes (bowfins)
Infra kelas Teleostei (Müller, 1844)
- Ordo Aspidorhynchiformes
- Ordo Pholidophoriformes
- Ordo Leptolepidiformes
Supercohort Teleocephala
Megacohort Elopocephalai Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999
- Superordo(Elopomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966)
- Ordo Elopiformes (ladyfishes dan tarpon)
- Ordo Albuliformes (bonefishes)
- Ordo Notacanthiformes (halosaurs dan spiny eels)
- Ordo Anguilliformes Regan 190 (sidat sejati)
===== Megacohort ===== Osteoglossocephalai sensu Arratia 1999
Supercohort Osteoglossocephala sensu Arratia 1999 (Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966)
- Ordo †Ichthyodectiformes Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969
- Ordo †Lycopteriformes
- Ordo Osteoglossiformes (bony-tongued fishes)
- Ordo Hiodontiformes (mooneye dan goldeye)
Supercohort Clupeocephala Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010
- Ordo †Crossognathiformes Taverne 1989
- Ordo †Tselfatiiformes Nelson 1994
= Cohort Otomorpha (Otocephala; Ostarioclupeomorpha) =
- Superordo Clupeomorpha
- Ordo †Ellimmyichthyiformes Grande 1982
- Ordo Clupeiformes (herring dan teri)
== Subcohort Alepocephali ==
- Ordo Alepocephaliformes
== Subcohort Ostariophysi Sagemehl 1885 ==
=== Section Anotophysa Rosen 1970 ===
- Ordo Gonorynchiformes (milkfishes)
=== Section Otophysa Garstang 1931 ===
- Ordo Cypriniformes (barbs, carp, danio, ikan mas, loach, minnow, rasbora)
- Ordo Characiformes (characin, ikan pensil, hatchetfishes, piranha, tetra, dourado / golden (genus Salminus) and pacu)
- Ordo Gymnotiformes (Sidat listrik dan knifefishes)
- Ordo Siluriformes (lele)
= Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Euteleostei Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996]) =
== Subcohort Lepidogalaxii ==
- Ordo Lepidogalaxiiformes
== Subcohort Protacanthopterygii sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996 ==
- Ordo Argentiniformes (barreleyes and slickheads) (formerly in Osmeriformes)
- Ordo Galaxiiformes
- Ordo Salmoniformes (salmon dan trout)
- Ordo Esociformes (pike)
== Subcohort Stomiati ==
- Ordo Osmeriformes (smelts)
- Ordo Stomiatiformes (bristlemouth dan marine hatchetfishes)
== Subcohort Neoteleostei Nelson 1969 ==
=== Infracohort Ateleopodia ===
- Ordo Ateleopodiformes (jellynose fish)
=== Infracohort Eurypterygia Rosen 1973 ===
==== Section Aulopa [Cyclosquamata] ====
- Ordo Aulopiformes (Bombay duck dan lancetfishes)
==== Section Ctenosquamata Rosen 1973 ====
=========== Subsection Myctophata =========== * Superordo Scopelomorpha
- Ordo Myctophiformes (lanternfishes)
===== Subsection Acanthomorphata =====
============ Division Lampridacea ============ * Superordo Lampridiomorpha
- Ordo Lampriformes (oarfish, opah dan ribbonfishes)
====== Division Paracanthomorphacea sensu Grande et al. 2013 (Paracanthopterygii Greenwood 1937) ======
- Ordo Percopsiformes (cavefishes dan trout-perches)
- Ordo †Sphenocephaliformes
- Ordo Zeiiformes (dori)
- Ordo Stylephoriformes
- Ordo Gadiformes (kod)
====== Divisi Polymixiacea ======
- Superordo Polymyxiomorpha
- Ordo †Pattersonichtyiformes
- Ordo †Ctenothrissiformes
- Ordo Polymixiiformes (beardfishes)
====== Divisi Euacanthomorphacea sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 (Acanthopterygii Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994) ======
======= Subdivisi Berycimorphaceae =======
- Ordo Beryciformes (fangtooths and pineconefishes)
============= Subdivisi Holocentrimorphaceae ============= ** Ordo Stephanoberyciformes
- Ordo Cetomimiformes
- Ordo Holocentriformes
======= Subdivisi Percomorphaceae ============= (Percomorpha sensu Miya et al. 2003; Acanthopteri) =======
======== Seri Ophidiimopharia ========
- Ordo Ophidiiformes (pearlfishes)
======== Seri Batrachoidimopharia ========
- Ordo Batrachoidiformes (toadfishes)
======== Seri Gobiomopharia ========
- Ordo Kurtiformes
- Ordo Gobiiformes
======== Seri Scombrimopharia ========
- Ordo Syngnathiformes (Kuda laut dan pipefish[8])
- Ordo Scombriformes
======== Seri Carangimopharia ========
========= Sub Seri Anabantaria =========
- Ordo Synbranchiformes (swamp eels)
- Ordo Anabantiformes (Labyrinthici)
======== Sub Seri Carangaria =========
========== Carangaria incertae sedis ==========
- Ordo Istiophoriformes
- Ordo Carangiformes
- Ordo Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes)
========= Sub Seri Ovalentaria sensu Smith & Near 2012 (Stiassnyiformes sensu Li et al. 2009) ========
========== Ovalentaria incertae sedis ==========
- Ordo Pholidichthyiformes
- Ordo Cichliformes
- Ordo Atheriniformes (silversides and rainbowfishes)
- Ordo Cyprinodontiformes (livebearers, killifishes)
- Ordo Beloniformes (flyingfishes) [incl. Gobiesociformes[9]]
- Ordo Mugiliformes (mullets)
- Ordo Blenniiformes
======== Seri Eupercaria (Percomorpharia) ========
========== Eupercaria incertae sedis ==========
- Ordo Labriformes
- Ordo Ephippiformes
- Ordo Lobotiformes
- Ordo Acanthuriformes
- Ordo Chaetodontiformes
- Ordo Spariformes
- Ordo Lophiiformes (anglerfishes)
- Ordo Tetraodontiformes (filefishes and pufferfish)
- Ordo Uranoscopiformes (Paratrachinoidei sensu Li et al. 2009)
- Ordo Pempheriformes
- Ordo Centrarchiformes
- Ordo Perciformes (40% dari semua ikan, termasuk Anabantidae, Centrarchidae (termasuk bass dan mola-mola), cichlid, gobi, gurami, makarel, tuna, perches, scats, whiting, wrass, cupang) (termasuk Gasterosteiformes; Scorpaeniformes)
Referensi
- ^ Kardong, Kenneth (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. hlm. 99–100. ISBN 978-0-07-802302-6.
- ^ Nelson, Joseph S. (2016). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^ Betancur-R (2014). "Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-08-14. Diakses tanggal 2015-10-10.
- ^ Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
- ^ "Actinopterygii". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2006.
- ^ R. Froese and D. Pauly, editors (February 2006). "FishBase".
- ^ Dalam Nelson, Polypteriformes ditempatkan dalam subkelasnya sendiri Cladistia.
- ^ Dalam Nelson dan ITIS, Syngnathiformes ditempatkan dalam subordo Syngnathoidei dari ordo Gasterosteiformes.
- ^ Dalam ITIS, Gobiesociformes ditempatkan dalam subordo Gobiesocoidei dari ordo Perciformes.
Pranala luar
Media tentang Actinopterygii di Wikimedia Commons
Informasi terkait dengan Actinopterygii dari Wikispecies.