Gnostisisme: Perbedaan antara revisi
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=== Buku === |
=== Buku === |
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==== Sumber primer ==== |
==== Sumber primer ==== |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |authorlink = Bentley Layton |last = Layton |first = Bentley |title = The Gnostic Scriptures |publisher = SCM Press |year = 1987 |isbn = 0-334-02022-0 |pages = 526 pages }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |authorlink = James M. Robinson |last = Robinson |first = James |title = The Nag Hammadi Library in English |publisher = |year = 1978 |isbn = 0-06-066934-9 |pages = 549 pages }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |author = [[Plotinus]] |other = translated by A.H. Armstrong |title = The [[Enneads]] |publisher = [[Harvard University|Harvard University Press]] |year = 1989 |id = }} (in 7 volumes), vol. 1: ISBN 0-674-99484-1 |
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* The Gnostic Bible, Ed. [[Willis Barnstone]] |
* The Gnostic Bible, Ed. [[Willis Barnstone]] |
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==== Sumber sekunder ==== |
==== Sumber sekunder ==== |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last = Aland |first = Barbara |title = [[Festschrift]] für Hans Jonas |publisher = Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |year = 1978 |isbn = 3-525-58111-4 }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last= Burstein |first = Dan |title = Secrets of Mary Magdalene |publisher = CDS Books |year = 2006 |isbn = 1-59315-205-1 }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last = Freke |first = Timothy |coauthors = Gandy, Peter |title = Jesus and the Lost Goddess : The Secret Teachings of the Original Christians |publisher = Three Rivers Press |year = 2002 |isbn = 0-00-710071-X }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last = Green |first = Henry |title = Economic and Social Origins of Gnosticism |publisher = Scholars P.,U.S. |year = 1985 |isbn = 0-89130-843-1 }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last = Haardt |first = Robert |title = Die Gnosis: Wesen und Zeugnisse |publisher = Otto-Müller-Verlag, Salzburg |year = 1967 |id = |pages = 352 pages }}, translated as {{cite book |last = Haardt |first = Robert |title = Gnosis: Character and Testimony |publisher = Brill, Leiden |year = 1971 |id = }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |authorlink = Stephan A. Hoeller |last = Hoeller |first = Stephan A. |title = Gnosticism - New Light on the Ancient Tradition of Inner Knowing |publisher = |year = 2002 |isbn = 0-8356-0816-6 |pages = 257 pages }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |authorlink = Hans Jonas |last = Jonas |first = Hans |title = Gnosis und spätantiker Geist vol. 2:1-2, Von der Mythologie zur mystischen Philosophie |publisher = |year = |isbn = 3-525-53841-3 }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |authorlink = Charles William King |last = King |first = Charles William |title = The Gnostics and Their Remains |year = 1887 |url = http://www.sacred-texts.com/gno/gar/ }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |authorlink = Karen Leigh King|last = King |first = Karen L. |title = What is Gnosticism? |publisher = Harvard University Press |year = 2003 |isbn = 0-674-01071-X |pages = 343 pages }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last = Klimkeit |first = Hans-Joachim |title = Gnosis on the Silk Road: Gnostic Texts from Central Asia |publisher = Harper, San Francisco |year = 1993 |isbn = 0-06-064586-5 }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last = Layton |first = Bentley |editor = edited by [[L. Michael White]], O. Larry Yarbrough |chapter = Prolegomena to the study of ancient gnosticism |title = The Social World of the First Christians: Essays in Honor of Wayne A. Meeks |publisher = Fortress Press, Minneapolis |year = 1995 |isbn = 0-8006-2585-4 }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |author = Layton, Bentley (ed.) |title = The Rediscovery of Gnosticism: Sethian Gnosticism |publisher = E.J. Brill |year = 1981 }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last = Markschies |first = Christoph |other = trans. John Bowden |title = Gnosis: An Introduction |publisher = T & T Clark |year = 2000 |isbn = 0-567-08945-2 |pages = 145 pages }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last = Mins |first = Denis |title = Irenaeus |publisher = Geoffrey Chapman |year = 1994 |id = }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |authorlink = Elaine Pagels |last = Pagels |first = Elaine |title = The Gnostic Gospels |publisher = |year = 1979 |isbn = 0-679-72453-2 |pages = 182 pages }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |authorlink = Elaine Pagels |last = Pagels |first = Elaine |title = The Johannine Gospel in Gnostic Exegesis |publisher = |year = 1989 |isbn = 1-55540-334-4 |pages = 128 pages }} |
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* Petrement, Simone (1990), ''A Separate God: The Origins and Teachings of Gnosticsim'', Harper and Row ISBN 0-06-066421-5 |
* Petrement, Simone (1990), ''A Separate God: The Origins and Teachings of Gnosticsim'', Harper and Row ISBN 0-06-066421-5 |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last = Rudolph |first = Kurt |authorlink= Kurt Rudolph |title = Gnosis: The Nature & Structure of Gnosticism |publisher = Harper & Row |year = 1987 |isbn = 0-06-067018-5 }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last = [[Benjamin Walker|Walker]] |first = [[Benjamin Walker|Benjamin]] |title = Gnosticism: Its History and Influence |publisher = Harper Collins |year = 1990 |isbn = 1-85274-057-4 }} |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last = Williams |first = Michael |title = Rethinking Gnosticism: An Argument for Dismantling a Dubious Category |publisher = Princeton University Press |year = 1996 |isbn = 0-691-01127-3 }} |
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=== Video === |
=== Video === |
Revisi per 15 Maret 2016 16.33
Gnostisisme (bahasa Yunani: γνῶσις gnōsis, pengetahuan) merujuk pada bermacam-macam gerakan keagamaan yang beraliran sinkretisme pada zaman dahulu kala. Gerakan ini mencampurkan pelbagai ajaran agama, yang biasanya pada intinya mengajarkan bahwa manusia pada dasarnya adalah jiwa yang terperangkap di dalam alam semesta yang diciptakan oleh tuhan yang tidak sempurna. Secara umum dapat dikatakan Gnostisisme adalah agama dualistik, yang dipengaruhi dan memengaruhi filosofi Yunani, Yudaisme, dan Kekristenan.
Istilah gnōsis merujuk pada suatu pengetahuan esoteris yang telah dipaparkan. Dari sana manusia melalui unsur-unsur rohaninya diingatkan kembali akan asal-muasal mereka dari Tuhan yang superior. Yesus Kristus dipandang oleh sebagian sekte Gnostis sebagai perwujudan dari makhluk ilahi yang menjadi manusia untuk membawa gnōsis ke bumi[1].
Pada mulanya Gnostisisme dianggap sebagai cabang aliran sesat dari Kekristenan, namun sekte Gnostis telah ada sejak sebelum kelahiran Yesus[2][3]. Keberadaan kaum Gnostik sejak Abad Pertengahan semakin berkurang dikarenakan pengikutnya memeluk Islam atau akibat dari Perang Salib Albigensian (1209–1229). Gagasan Gnostis kembali muncul seiring dengan bertumbuhnya gerakan mistis esoteris pada akhir abad ke-19 dan abad ke-20 di Eropa dan Amerika Utara.
Lihat pula
Catatan kaki
- ^ "An Introduction to Gnosticism and The Nag Hammadi Library". The Gnostic Society Library. Diakses tanggal 2009-12-02.
- ^ "Gnosticism". Catholic Encyclopedia. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-12.
- ^ Bart D. Ehrman Lost Christianities. Oxford University press, 2003, p.188-202
Referensi
Buku
Sumber primer
- Layton, Bentley (1987). The Gnostic Scriptures. SCM Press. hlm. 526 pages. ISBN 0-334-02022-0.
- Robinson, James (1978). The Nag Hammadi Library in English. hlm. 549 pages. ISBN 0-06-066934-9.
- Plotinus (1989). The Enneads. Harvard University Press. (in 7 volumes), vol. 1: ISBN 0-674-99484-1
- The Gnostic Bible, Ed. Willis Barnstone
Sumber sekunder
- Aland, Barbara (1978). Festschrift für Hans Jonas. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 3-525-58111-4.
- Burstein, Dan (2006). Secrets of Mary Magdalene. CDS Books. ISBN 1-59315-205-1.
- Freke, Timothy (2002). Jesus and the Lost Goddess : The Secret Teachings of the Original Christians. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0-00-710071-X.
- Green, Henry (1985). Economic and Social Origins of Gnosticism. Scholars P.,U.S. ISBN 0-89130-843-1.
- Haardt, Robert (1967). Die Gnosis: Wesen und Zeugnisse. Otto-Müller-Verlag, Salzburg. hlm. 352 pages., translated as Haardt, Robert (1971). Gnosis: Character and Testimony. Brill, Leiden.
- Hoeller, Stephan A. (2002). Gnosticism - New Light on the Ancient Tradition of Inner Knowing. hlm. 257 pages. ISBN 0-8356-0816-6.
- Jonas, Hans. Gnosis und spätantiker Geist vol. 2:1-2, Von der Mythologie zur mystischen Philosophie. ISBN 3-525-53841-3.
- King, Charles William (1887). The Gnostics and Their Remains.
- King, Karen L. (2003). What is Gnosticism?. Harvard University Press. hlm. 343 pages. ISBN 0-674-01071-X.
- Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim (1993). Gnosis on the Silk Road: Gnostic Texts from Central Asia. Harper, San Francisco. ISBN 0-06-064586-5.
- Layton, Bentley (1995). "Prolegomena to the study of ancient gnosticism". Dalam edited by L. Michael White, O. Larry Yarbrough. The Social World of the First Christians: Essays in Honor of Wayne A. Meeks. Fortress Press, Minneapolis. ISBN 0-8006-2585-4.
- Layton, Bentley (ed.) (1981). The Rediscovery of Gnosticism: Sethian Gnosticism. E.J. Brill.
- Markschies, Christoph (2000). Gnosis: An Introduction. T & T Clark. hlm. 145 pages. ISBN 0-567-08945-2.
- Mins, Denis (1994). Irenaeus. Geoffrey Chapman.
- Pagels, Elaine (1979). The Gnostic Gospels. hlm. 182 pages. ISBN 0-679-72453-2.
- Pagels, Elaine (1989). The Johannine Gospel in Gnostic Exegesis. hlm. 128 pages. ISBN 1-55540-334-4.
- Petrement, Simone (1990), A Separate God: The Origins and Teachings of Gnosticsim, Harper and Row ISBN 0-06-066421-5
- Rudolph, Kurt (1987). Gnosis: The Nature & Structure of Gnosticism. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-067018-5.
- Walker, Benjamin (1990). Gnosticism: Its History and Influence. Harper Collins. ISBN 1-85274-057-4.
- Williams, Michael (1996). Rethinking Gnosticism: An Argument for Dismantling a Dubious Category. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01127-3.
Video
- The Naked Truth: Exposing the Deceptions About the Origins of Modern Religions (1995).
Pranala luar
- Religious Tolerance - A survey of Gnosticism
- Early Christian Writings - primary texts
- The Gnostic Society Library - primary sources and commentaries.
- Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Gnosticism
- Introduction to Gnosticism
- Jewish Encyclopedia: Gnosticism
- Proto-Gnostic elements in the Gospel according to John
- Gnostic version of the Bible and more on Gnostics
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Gnosticism
- Gnosis Germany
- Gnosticism di Curlie (dari DMOZ)