Actinopterygii: Perbedaan antara revisi

Ikan bersirip kipas; Rentang fosil: Silur Akhir - Sekarang PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Superkelas:	Osteichthyes
Kelas:	Actinopterygii; Klein, 1885
Subkelas
	Actinopteri ; Cladistia ;

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Revisi per 3 April 2023 00.00

Actinopterygii (/ˌæktɪnɒptəˈrɪdʒiaɪ/; dari actino-, berarti "memiliki kipas", dan bahasa Yunani Kuno πτέρυξ (ptérux), berarti "sayap, sirip"), yang anggotanya disebut sebagai ikan bersirip kipas, adalah klad (secara tradisi diklasifikasikan sebagai kelas atau subkelas) ikan bertulang.^[1] Mereka mencakup 50% dari spesies vertebrata yang masih hidup.^[2]

Actinopterygii mencakup banyak ikan yang dikenal awam sebagai ikan konsumsi maupun ikan hias/peliharaan. Secara evolusi, kelompok ini merupakan pengembangan lebih lanjut yang paling adaptif pada keadaan bumi pada masa kini. Sebagian besar jenis-jenis ikan yang hidup pada masa sekarang merupakan anggota kelompok ini.

Klasifikasi

Daftar di bawah mengikuti Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes^[3] dengan catatan jika ini berbeda dari Nelson,^[4] ITIS^[5] dan FishBase.^[6]

Infra kelas Holostei

- Ordo †Parasemionotiformes Lehman 1966
- Ordo †Ionoscopiformes Grande & Bemis 1998
- Ordo †Pycnodontiformes Berg 1937
- Ordo †Semionotiformes Arambourg & Bertin 1958
- Ordo Lepisosteiformes (gars)
- Ordo Amiiformes (bowfins)

Infra kelas Teleostei (Müller, 1844)

- Ordo Aspidorhynchiformes
- Ordo Pholidophoriformes
- Ordo Leptolepidiformes

Supercohort Teleocephala

Megacohort Elopocephalai Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999

Superordo(Elopomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966)
- Ordo Elopiformes (ladyfishes dan tarpon)
- Ordo Albuliformes (bonefishes)
- Ordo Notacanthiformes (halosaurs dan spiny eels)
- Ordo Anguilliformes Regan 190 (sidat sejati)

Megacohort Osteoglossocephalai sensu Arratia 1999

Supercohort Osteoglossocephala sensu Arratia 1999 (Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966)

- Ordo †Ichthyodectiformes Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969
- Ordo †Lycopteriformes
- Ordo Osteoglossiformes (bony-tongued fishes)
- Ordo Hiodontiformes (mooneye dan goldeye)

Supercohort Clupeocephala Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010

- Ordo †Crossognathiformes Taverne 1989
- Ordo †Tselfatiiformes Nelson 1994

Cohort Otomorpha (Otocephala; Ostarioclupeomorpha)

Superordo Clupeomorpha
- Ordo †Ellimmyichthyiformes Grande 1982
- Ordo Clupeiformes (herring dan teri)

Subcohort Alepocephali

- Ordo Alepocephaliformes

Subcohort Ostariophysi Sagemehl 1885

Section Anotophysa Rosen 1970

- Ordo Gonorynchiformes (milkfishes)

Section Otophysa Garstang 1931

- Ordo Cypriniformes (barbs, carp, danio, ikan mas, loach, minnow, rasbora)
- Ordo Characiformes (characin, ikan pensil, hatchetfishes, piranha, tetra, dourado / golden (genus Salminus) and pacu)
- Ordo Gymnotiformes (Sidat listrik dan knifefishes)
- Ordo Siluriformes (lele)

Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Euteleostei Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996])

Subcohort Lepidogalaxii

- Ordo Lepidogalaxiiformes

Subcohort Protacanthopterygii sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996

- Ordo Argentiniformes (barreleyes and slickheads) (formerly in Osmeriformes)
- Ordo Galaxiiformes
- Ordo Salmoniformes (salmon dan trout)
- Ordo Esociformes (pike)

Subcohort Stomiati

- Ordo Osmeriformes (smelts)
- Ordo Stomiatiformes (bristlemouth dan marine hatchetfishes)

Subcohort Neoteleostei Nelson 1969

Infracohort Ateleopodia

- Ordo Ateleopodiformes (jellynose fish)

Infracohort Eurypterygia Rosen 1973

Section Aulopa [Cyclosquamata]

- Ordo Aulopiformes (Bombay duck dan lancetfishes)

Section Ctenosquamata Rosen 1973

Subsection Myctophata * Superordo Scopelomorpha

- Ordo Myctophiformes (lanternfishes)

Subsection Acanthomorphata

Division Lampridacea * Superordo Lampridiomorpha

- Ordo Lampriformes (oarfish, opah dan ribbonfishes)

Division Paracanthomorphacea sensu Grande et al. 2013 (Paracanthopterygii Greenwood 1937)

- Ordo Percopsiformes (cavefishes dan trout-perches)
- Ordo †Sphenocephaliformes
- Ordo Zeiiformes (dori)
- Ordo Stylephoriformes
- Ordo Gadiformes (kod)

Divisi Polymixiacea

Superordo Polymyxiomorpha
- Ordo †Pattersonichtyiformes
- Ordo †Ctenothrissiformes
- Ordo Polymixiiformes (beardfishes)

Divisi Euacanthomorphacea sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 (Acanthopterygii Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994)

Subdivisi Berycimorphaceae

- Ordo Beryciformes (fangtooths and pineconefishes)

Subdivisi Holocentrimorphaceae

- Ordo Stephanoberyciformes
- Ordo Cetomimiformes
- Ordo Holocentriformes

Subdivisi Percomorphaceae (Percomorpha sensu Miya et al. 2003; Acanthopteri)

Seri Ophidiimopharia

- Ordo Ophidiiformes (pearlfishes)

Seri Batrachoidimopharia

- Ordo Batrachoidiformes (toadfishes)

Seri Gobiomopharia

- Ordo Kurtiformes
- Ordo Gobiiformes

Seri Scombrimopharia

- Ordo Syngnathiformes (Kuda laut dan pipefish^[8])
- Ordo Scombriformes

Seri Carangimopharia

Sub Seri Anabantaria

- Ordo Synbranchiformes (swamp eels)
- Ordo Anabantiformes (Labyrinthici)

Sub Seri Carangaria Carangaria incertae sedis

- Ordo Istiophoriformes
- Ordo Carangiformes
- Ordo Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes)

Sub Seri Ovalentaria sensu Smith & Near 2012 (Stiassnyiformes sensu Li et al. 2009) Ovalentaria incertae sedis

- Ordo Pholidichthyiformes
- Ordo Cichliformes
- Ordo Atheriniformes (silversides and rainbowfishes)
- Ordo Cyprinodontiformes (livebearers, killifishes)
- Ordo Beloniformes (flyingfishes) (incl. Gobiesociformes^[9])
- Ordo Mugiliformes (mullets)
- Ordo Blenniiformes

Seri Eupercaria (Percomorpharia)

Eupercaria incertae sedis

- Ordo Labriformes
- Ordo Ephippiformes
- Ordo Lobotiformes
- Ordo Acanthuriformes
- Ordo Chaetodontiformes
- Ordo Spariformes
- Ordo Lophiiformes (anglerfishes)
- Ordo Tetraodontiformes (filefishes and pufferfish)
- Ordo Uranoscopiformes (Paratrachinoidei sensu Li et al. 2009)
- Ordo Pempheriformes
- Ordo Centrarchiformes
- Ordo Perciformes (40% dari semua ikan, termasuk Anabantidae, Centrarchidae (termasuk bass dan mola-mola), cichlid, gobi, gurami, makarel, tuna, perches, scats, whiting, wrass, cupang) (termasuk Gasterosteiformes; Scorpaeniformes)

Referensi

^ Kardong, Kenneth (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. hlm. 99–100. ISBN 978-0-07-802302-6.
^ Nelson, Joseph S. (2016). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
^ Betancur-R (2014). "Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-08-14. Diakses tanggal 2015-10-10.
^ Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
^ "Actinopterygii". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2006.
^ R. Froese and D. Pauly, editors (February 2006). "FishBase".
^ Dalam Nelson, Polypteriformes ditempatkan dalam subkelasnya sendiri Cladistia.
^ Dalam Nelson dan ITIS, Syngnathiformes ditempatkan dalam subordo Syngnathoidei dari ordo Gasterosteiformes.
^ Dalam ITIS, Gobiesociformes ditempatkan dalam subordo Gobiesocoidei dari ordo Perciformes.

Pranala luar

Media tentang Actinopterygii di Wikimedia Commons
Informasi terkait dengan Actinopterygii dari Wikispecies.

Templat:Evolusi ikan

[1] Kardong, Kenneth (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. hlm. 99–100. ISBN 978-0-07-802302-6.

[NelsonFoW-2] Nelson, Joseph S. (2016). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.

[3] Betancur-R (2014). "Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-08-14. Diakses tanggal 2015-10-10.

[4] Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.

[5] "Actinopterygii". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2006.

[6] R. Froese and D. Pauly, editors (February 2006). "FishBase".

[7] Dalam Nelson, Polypteriformes ditempatkan dalam subkelasnya sendiri Cladistia.

[8] Dalam Nelson dan ITIS, Syngnathiformes ditempatkan dalam subordo Syngnathoidei dari ordo Gasterosteiformes.

[9] Dalam ITIS, Gobiesociformes ditempatkan dalam subordo Gobiesocoidei dari ordo Perciformes.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

@@ Baris 56: / Baris 56: @@
 ** Ordo [[Pholidophoriformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Leptolepidiformes]]
-====== Supercohort '''[[Teleocephala]]''' ======
+;; Supercohort '''[[Teleocephala]]'''
-===== Megacohort [[Elopocephalai]] Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999 =====
+; Megacohort [[Elopocephalai]] Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999
 * Superordo([[Elopomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966)
 ** Ordo [[Elopiformes]] ([[ladyfish]]es dan [[tarpon]])
@@ Baris 63: / Baris 63: @@
 ** Ordo [[Notacanthiformes]] ([[halosaurs]] dan [[spiny eel]]s)
 ** Ordo [[Anguilliformes]] Regan 190 ([[sidat]] sejati)
-===== Megacohort ===== [[Osteoglossocephalai]]''' sensu Arratia 1999
+; Megacohort  [[Osteoglossocephalai]]''' sensu Arratia 1999
-====== Supercohort [[Osteoglossocephala]]''' sensu Arratia 1999 ([[Osteoglossomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966) ======
+;; Supercohort [[Osteoglossocephala]]''' sensu Arratia 1999 ([[Osteoglossomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966)
 ** Ordo †[[Ichthyodectiformes]] Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969
 ** Ordo †[[Lycopteriformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Osteoglossiformes]] (bony-tongued fishes)
 ** Ordo [[Hiodontiformes]] ([[mooneye]] dan [[goldeye]])
-====== Supercohort [[Clupeocephala]] Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010 ======
+;; Supercohort [[Clupeocephala]] Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010
 ** Ordo †[[Crossognathiformes]] Taverne 1989
 ** Ordo †[[Tselfatiiformes]] Nelson 1994
-======= Cohort [[Otomorpha]] ([[Otocephala]]; [[Ostarioclupeomorpha]]) =======
+;;; Cohort [[Otomorpha]] ([[Otocephala]]; [[Ostarioclupeomorpha]])
 * Superordo [[Clupeomorpha]]
 ** Ordo †[[Ellimmyichthyiformes]] Grande 1982
 ** Ordo [[Clupeiformes]] ([[herring]] dan [[teri]])
-======== Subcohort [[Alepocephali]] ========
+;;;; Subcohort [[Alepocephali]]
 ** Ordo [[Alepocephaliformes]]
-======== Subcohort [[Ostariophysi]] Sagemehl 1885 ========
+;;;; Subcohort [[Ostariophysi]] Sagemehl 1885
-========= Section [[Anotophysa]] Rosen 1970 =========
+;;;;;; Section [[Anotophysa]] Rosen 1970
 ** Ordo [[Gonorynchiformes]] ([[milkfish]]es)
-========= Section [[Otophysa]] Garstang 1931 =========
+;;;;;; Section [[Otophysa]] Garstang 1931
 ** Ordo [[Cypriniformes]] ([[Barb (fish)|barbs]], [[carp]], [[danio]], [[ikan mas]], [[Loach (ikan)|loach]], [[minnow]], [[rasbora]])
 ** Ordo [[Characiformes]] ([[characin]], [[ikan pensil]], [[Freshwater hatchetfish|hatchetfishes]], [[piranha]], [[tetra]], [[Golden dorado|dourado / golden (genus ''Salminus'')]] and [[Piaractus mesopotamicus|pacu]])
 ** Ordo [[Gymnotiformes]] ([[Sidat listrik]] dan [[knifefish (disambiguation)|knifefishes]])
 ** Ordo [[Siluriformes]] ([[lele]])
-======= Cohort [[Euteleosteomorpha]] ([[Euteleostei]] Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996]) =======
+;;; Cohort [[Euteleosteomorpha]] ([[Euteleostei]] Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996])
-======== Subcohort [[Lepidogalaxii]] ========
+;;;; Subcohort [[Lepidogalaxii]]
 ** Ordo [[Lepidogalaxiiformes]]
-======== Subcohort [[Protacanthopterygii]] sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996 ========
+;;;; Subcohort [[Protacanthopterygii]] sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996
 ** Ordo [[Argentiniformes]] ([[barreleye]]s and [[slickhead]]s) (formerly in Osmeriformes)
 ** Ordo [[Galaxiiformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Salmoniformes]] ([[salmon]] dan [[trout]])
 ** Ordo [[Esociformes]] ([[esox|pike]])
-======== Subcohort [[Stomiati]] ========
+;;;; Subcohort [[Stomiati]]
 ** Ordo [[Osmeriformes]] ([[Smelt (fish)|smelts]])
 ** Ordo [[Stomiatiformes]] ([[bristlemouth]] dan [[marine hatchetfish]]es)
-======== Subcohort [[Neoteleostei]] Nelson 1969 ========
+;;;; Subcohort [[Neoteleostei]] Nelson 1969
-========= Infracohort [[Ateleopodia]] =========
+;;;;; Infracohort [[Ateleopodia]]
 ** Ordo [[Ateleopodiformes]] ([[jellynose fish]])
-========= Infracohort [[Eurypterygia]] Rosen 1973 =========
+;;;;; Infracohort [[Eurypterygia]] Rosen 1973
-========== Section [[Aulopa]] [Cyclosquamata] ==========
+;;;;;; Section [[Aulopa]] [Cyclosquamata]
 ** Ordo [[Aulopiformes]] ([[Bombay duck]] dan [[lancetfish]]es)
-========== Section [[Ctenosquamata]] Rosen 1973 ==========
+;;;;;; Section [[Ctenosquamata]] Rosen 1973
-=========== Subsection [[Myctophata]] ===========        * Superordo [[Scopelomorpha]]
+;;;;;;; Subsection [[Myctophata]]         * Superordo [[Scopelomorpha]]
 ** Ordo [[Myctophiformes]] ([[lanternfish]]es)
-=========== Subsection [[Acanthomorphata]] ===========
+;;;;;;; Subsection [[Acanthomorphata]]
-============ Division [[Lampridacea]] ============      * Superordo [[Lampridiomorpha]]
+;;;;;;;; Division [[Lampridacea]]       * Superordo [[Lampridiomorpha]]
 ** Ordo [[Lampriformes]] ([[oarfish]], [[opah]] dan [[ribbonfishes]])
-============ Division [[Paracanthomorphacea]] sensu Grande et al. 2013 ([[Paracanthopterygii]] Greenwood 1937) ============
+;;;;;;;; Division [[Paracanthomorphacea]] sensu Grande et al. 2013 ([[Paracanthopterygii]] Greenwood 1937)
 ** Ordo [[Percopsiformes]] ([[Amblyopsidae|cavefishes]] dan [[trout-perch]]es)
 ** Ordo †[[Sphenocephaliformes]]
@@ Baris 115: / Baris 115: @@
 ** Ordo [[Stylephoriformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Gadiformes]] ([[kod]])
-============ Divisi [[Polymixiacea]] ============
+;;;;;;;; Divisi [[Polymixiacea]]
 * Superordo [[Polymyxiomorpha]]
 ** Ordo †[[Pattersonichtyiformes]]
 ** Ordo †[[Ctenothrissiformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Polymixiiformes]] ([[beardfish]]es)
-============ Divisi [[Euacanthomorphacea]] sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 ([[Acanthopterygii]] Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994) ============
+;;;;;;;; Divisi [[Euacanthomorphacea]] sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 ([[Acanthopterygii]] Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994)
-============= Subdivisi [[Berycimorphaceae]] =============
+;;;;;;;;; Subdivisi [[Berycimorphaceae]]
 ** Ordo [[Beryciformes]] ([[fangtooth]]s and [[pineconefish]]es)
-============= Subdivisi [[Holocentrimorphaceae]] =============
+;;;;;;;;; Subdivisi [[Holocentrimorphaceae]]
 ** Ordo [[Stephanoberyciformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Cetomimiformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Holocentriformes]]
+;;;;;;;;; Subdivisi [[Percomorphaceae]] ([[Percomorpha]] sensu Miya et al. 2003; [[Acanthopteri]])
+;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Ophidiimopharia]]
-============= Subdivisi [[Percomorphaceae]] ============= ([[Percomorpha]] sensu Miya et al. 2003; [[Acanthopteri]]) =============
-============== Seri [[Ophidiimopharia]] ==============
 ** Ordo [[Ophidiiformes]] ([[pearlfish]]es)
-============== Seri [[Batrachoidimopharia]] ==============
+;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Batrachoidimopharia]]
 ** Ordo [[Batrachoidiformes]] ([[Batrachoididae|toadfishes]])
-============== Seri [[Gobiomopharia]] ==============
+;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Gobiomopharia]]
 ** Ordo [[Kurtiformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Gobiiformes]]
-============== Seri [[Scombrimopharia]] ==============
+;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Scombrimopharia]]
 ** Ordo [[Syngnathiformes]] ([[Kuda laut]] dan [[pipefish]]<ref>Dalam Nelson dan ITIS, [[Syngnathiformes]] ditempatkan dalam subordo Syngnathoidei dari ordo [[Gasterosteiformes]].</ref>)
 ** Ordo [[Scombriformes]]
-============== Seri [[Carangimopharia]] ==============
+;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Carangimopharia]]
-=============== Sub Seri [[Anabantaria]] ===============
+;;;;;;;;;;; Sub Seri [[Anabantaria]]
 ** Ordo [[Synbranchiformes]] ([[swamp eel]]s)
 ** Ordo [[Anabantiformes]] ([[Labyrinthici]])
-============== Sub Seri [[Carangaria]] ===============
+;;;;;;;;;;; Sub Seri [[Carangaria]]
-================ Carangaria incertae sedis ================
+;;;;;;;;;;; Carangaria incertae sedis
 ** Ordo [[Istiophoriformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Carangiformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Pleuronectiformes]] ([[flatfish]]es)
-=============== Sub Seri [[Ovalentaria]] sensu Smith & Near 2012 ([[Stiassnyiformes]] sensu Li et al. 2009) ==============
+;;;;;;;;;;; Sub Seri [[Ovalentaria]] sensu Smith & Near 2012 ([[Stiassnyiformes]] sensu Li et al. 2009)
-================ Ovalentaria incertae sedis ================
+;;;;;;;;;;; Ovalentaria incertae sedis
 ** Ordo [[Pholidichthyiformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Cichliformes]]
@@ Baris 157: / Baris 156: @@
 ** Ordo [[Mugiliformes]] ([[mullet (fish)|mullets]])
 ** Ordo [[Blenniiformes]]
+;;;;;;;;;; Seri [[Eupercaria]] ([[Percomorpharia]])
+;;;;;;;;;;; Eupercaria incertae sedis
-============== Seri [[Eupercaria]] ([[Percomorpharia]]) ==============
-================ Eupercaria incertae sedis ================
 ** Ordo [[Labriformes]]
 ** Ordo [[Ephippiformes]]

l b s Actinopterygii
Kerajaan Animalia · Filum Chordata · Subfilum Vertebrata · Infrafilum Gnathostomata · Superkelas Osteichthyes
Chondrostei	Polypteriformes · Acipenseriformes
Neopterygii	Lepisosteiformes · Amiiformes · Osteoglossiformes · Hiodontiformes · Elopiformes · Albuliformes · Notacanthiformes · Anguilliformes · Saccopharyngiformes · Clupeiformes · Gonorynchiformes · Cypriniformes · Characiformes · Gymnotiformes · Siluriformes · Salmoniformes · Esociformes · Osmeriformes · Ateleopodiformes · Stomiiformes · Aulopiformes · Myctophiformes · Lampriformes · Polymixiiformes · Percopsiformes · Batrachoidiformes · Lophiiformes · Gadiformes · Ophidiiformes · Mugiliformes · Atheriniformes · Beloniformes · Cetomimiformes · Cyprinodontiformes · Stephanoberyciformes · Beryciformes · Zeiformes · Gasterosteiformes · Syngnathiformes · Synbranchiformes · Tetraodontiformes · Pleuronectiformes · Scorpaeniformes · Perciformes

Pengawasan otoritas
Perpustakaan nasional	Prancis (data) Republik Ceko
Lain-lain	Microsoft Academic 2

Revisi per 3 April 2023 00.00

Klasifikasi

Subkelas Cladistii (Pander, 1860)

Subkelas Actinopteri (Cope ,1972)

Infra kelas Chondrostei

Infra kelas Neopterygii (Regan, 1923)

Infra kelas Holostei

Infra kelas Teleostei (Müller, 1844)

Referensi

Pranala luar