Keiretsu: Perbedaan antara revisi
Tampilan
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Naval Scene (bicara | kontrib) kTidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
k Robot: Cosmetic changes |
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Baris 11: | Baris 11: | ||
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|[[Mitsubishi]] |
|[[Mitsubishi]] |
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|[[Mitsubishi Bank]] (sampai 1996) |
|[[Mitsubishi Bank]] (sampai 1996){{br}}[[Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi]] (1996–2005){{br}}[[Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group|Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ]] (2006– ) |
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|[[Mitsubishi Corporation]], [[Kirin Brewery]], [[Mitsubishi Electric]], [[Mitsubishi Fuso]], [[Mitsubishi Motors]], [[Nippon Yusen]], [[Nippon Oil]], [[Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance]], [[Nikon]], [[Mitsubishi Chemical]], [[Mitsubishi Estate]], [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]], [[Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.]], Mitsubishi Materials Corp., Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd., Pacific Consultants International Ltd. |
|[[Mitsubishi Corporation]], [[Kirin Brewery]], [[Mitsubishi Electric]], [[Mitsubishi Fuso]], [[Mitsubishi Motors]], [[Nippon Yusen]], [[Nippon Oil]], [[Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance]], [[Nikon]], [[Mitsubishi Chemical]], [[Mitsubishi Estate]], [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]], [[Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.]], Mitsubishi Materials Corp., Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd., Pacific Consultants International Ltd. |
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|[[Mitsui]] |
|[[Mitsui]] |
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|[[Mitsui Bank]] (sampai 1990) |
|[[Mitsui Bank]] (sampai 1990){{br}}[[Sakura Bank]] (1990–2001){{br}}[[Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation|Sumitomo Mitsui Bank]] (2001– ) |
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|[[Fuji Photo Film]], [[Mitsui Real Estate]], [[Mitsukoshi]], [[Suntory]], [[Toshiba]] |
|[[Fuji Photo Film]], [[Mitsui Real Estate]], [[Mitsukoshi]], [[Suntory]], [[Toshiba]] |
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|[[Sumitomo Group|Sumitomo]] |
|[[Sumitomo Group|Sumitomo]] |
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|[[Sumitomo Bank]] (sampai 2001) |
|[[Sumitomo Bank]] (sampai 2001){{br}}[[Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation|Sumitomo Mitsui Bank]] (2001– ) |
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|[[Asahi Breweries]], [[Hanshin Railway]], [[Keihan Railway]], [[Mazda]], [[Nankai Railway]], [[NEC]], [[Nippon Koei]], [[Sumitomo Real Estate]] |
|[[Asahi Breweries]], [[Hanshin Railway]], [[Keihan Railway]], [[Mazda]], [[Nankai Railway]], [[NEC]], [[Nippon Koei]], [[Sumitomo Real Estate]] |
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|[[Fuyo Group|Fuyo]] |
|[[Fuyo Group|Fuyo]] |
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|[[Fuji Bank]] (sampai 2000) |
|[[Fuji Bank]] (sampai 2000){{br}}[[Mizuho Financial Group|Mizuho Bank]] (2000– ) |
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|[[Canon Inc.|Canon]], [[Hitachi, Ltd.|Hitachi]], [[Marubeni]], [[Matsuya]], [[Nissan]], [[Ricoh]], [[Tobu Railway]], [[Yamaha]] |
|[[Canon Inc.|Canon]], [[Hitachi, Ltd.|Hitachi]], [[Marubeni]], [[Matsuya]], [[Nissan]], [[Ricoh]], [[Tobu Railway]], [[Yamaha]] |
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|[[Dai-Ichi Kangyo Group|Dai-Ichi Kangyo]] |
|[[Dai-Ichi Kangyo Group|Dai-Ichi Kangyo]] |
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|[[Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank]] (sampai 2000) |
|[[Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank]] (sampai 2000){{br}}[[Mizuho Financial Group|Mizuho Bank]] (2000– ) |
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|[[Fujitsu]], [[Hitachi, Ltd.|Hitachi]], [[Isuzu]], [[Itochu]], [[Tokyo Electric Power]] |
|[[Fujitsu]], [[Hitachi, Ltd.|Hitachi]], [[Isuzu]], [[Itochu]], [[Tokyo Electric Power]] |
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|[[Sanwa Group|Sanwa]] ("Midorikai") |
|[[Sanwa Group|Sanwa]] ("Midorikai") |
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|[[Sanwa Bank]] (sampai 2002) |
|[[Sanwa Bank]] (sampai 2002){{br}}[[UFJ Bank]] (2002–2006){{br}}[[Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group|Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ]] (2006– ) |
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|[[Hankyu Railway]], [[Keisei Railway]], [[Kobe Steel]], [[Konica Minolta]], [[Kyocera]], [[Orix]], [[Shin-Maywa]], [[Takashimaya]], [[Toho]] |
|[[Hankyu Railway]], [[Keisei Railway]], [[Kobe Steel]], [[Konica Minolta]], [[Kyocera]], [[Orix]], [[Shin-Maywa]], [[Takashimaya]], [[Toho]] |
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Baris 44: | Baris 44: | ||
{{Jepang-stub}} |
{{Jepang-stub}} |
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[[Kategori:Istilah bisnis Jepang]] |
[[Kategori:Istilah bisnis Jepang]] |
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[[Kategori:Ekonomi Jepang]] |
[[Kategori:Ekonomi Jepang]] |
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Baris 55: | Baris 56: | ||
[[en:Keiretsu]] |
[[en:Keiretsu]] |
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[[es:Keiretsu]] |
[[es:Keiretsu]] |
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[[fr:Keiretsu]] |
[[fr:Keiretsu]] |
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[[it:Keiretsu]] |
[[it:Keiretsu]] |
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Baris 63: | Baris 65: | ||
[[pt:Keiretsu]] |
[[pt:Keiretsu]] |
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[[ru:Кэйрэцу]] |
[[ru:Кэйрэцу]] |
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[[sv:Keiretsu]] |
[[sv:Keiretsu]] |
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[[vi:Keiretsu]] |
[[vi:Keiretsu]] |
Revisi per 4 Oktober 2009 18.03
Keiretsu (系列 , harfiah: sistem, seri, pengelompokan perusahaan, atau urutan suksesi) adalah suatu kelompok perusahaan dengan hubungan bisnis dan kepemilikan saham yang saling terkait. Keiretsu adalah salah satu jenis kelompok usaha, yang mulai muncul di Jepang setelah pasca Perang Dunia II.
Terdapat tiga jenis keiretsu, yaitu kigyō shūdan (企业集団) atau kelompok-kelompok bisnis dengan diversifikasi horizontal, seisan keiretsu (生产系列) atau jaringan manufaktur vertikal, dan ryūtsū keiretsu (流通系列) atau jaringan distribusi vertikal.
Berikut ini adalah enam buah keiretsu besar di Jepang pasca perang, meskipun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir pembagian di antara mereka telah mengabur:
Bacaan lanjutan
- Masahiko Aoki and Hugh Patrick, The Japanese Main Bank System (1994)
- Ronald Gilson and Mark Roe, "Understanding the Japanese Keiretsu," 102 Yale L.J. 871 (1993)
- Yoshiro Miwa and Mark Ramseyer, "The Fable of the Keiretsu," 11 J. Econ. & Mgmt. Strategy 169 (2002)
- Kenichi Miyashita & David Russell, "Keiretsu: inside the hidden Japanese conglomerates" McGraw-Hill (1995)