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Reseptor serotonin

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The 5-HT1B adalah salah satu contoh reseptor serotonin metabotropik. Ini adalah struktur kristalografi dalam representasi pita

.

Reseptor serotonin atau juga dikenal sebagai reseptor 5-hidroksitriptamin atau reseptor 5-HT adalah suatu kelompok dari reseptor terhubung-protein G dan reseptor kanal ion (ligand-gated ion channels, LGIC) yang ditemukan pada sistem saraf pusat dan sistem saraf tepi.[1][2] Reseptor serotonin memperantarai neurotransmisi eksitatori (pemicuan) dan inhibitori (penghambatan) yang beraksi terhadap ligan alaminya.

Klasifikasi

Dengan pengecualian dari reseptor 5-HT3, suatu LGIC, semua reseptor serotonin lainnya adalah reseptor terhubung-protein G yang mengaktifkan kaskade pembawa sinyal kedua intraseluler untuk menghasilkan respon eksitatori atau inhibitori (penghambatan). Pada tahun 2014 sebuah reseptor 5-HT novel dideskripsikan yang diisolasi dari kupu-kupu putih kecil, Pieris rapae, dan diberi nama pr5-HT8. Kesamaan relatif dengan kelas reseptor 5-HT lainnya adalah rendah dan tidak terdapat pada mamalia.[3]

Famili

Famili Tipe Mekanisme Respon
5-HT1 Gi/Go-protein coupled. Menurunkan level cAMP seluler. Inhibitori
5-HT2 Gq/G11-protein coupled. Meningkatkan level IP3 dan DAG. Eksitatori
5-HT3 Ligand-gated Na+ and K+ cation channel. depolariisasi membran plasma. Eksitatori
5-HT4 Gs-protein coupled. Meningkatkan level cAMP seluler. Eksitatori
5-HT5 Gi/Go-protein coupled.[4] Menurunkan level cAMP seluler. Inhibitori
5-HT6 Gs-protein coupled. Meningkatkan level cAMP seluler. Eksitatori
5-HT7 Gs-protein coupled. Meningkatkan level cAMP seluler. Eksitatori

Subtipe

Tujuh kelas reseptor serotonin mencakup total 14 reseptor serotonin dikenal.[5] Jenis tertentu telah ditandai sebagai berikut:[6][7][8]

Gambaran Reseptor Serotonin
Reseptor Kloning pertama kali Gen Distribusi Fungsi Agonis Antagonis reseptor Obat-obat yang beraksi pada reseptor
Pembuluh darah SSP Saluran GI Platelet PNS Otot polos
5-HT1A 1987 Yes Yes Tidak Tidak Tidak Tidak

Selektif (untuk 5-HT1A lebih dari reseptor 5-HT lainnya)

Nonselektif

5-HT1B 1992 Yes Yes Tidak Tidak Tidak Tidak
5-HT1D 1991 Yes Yes Tidak Tidak Tidak Tidak
5-HT1E 1992 Yes Yes Tidak Tidak Tidak Tidak
  • Tidak diketahui
5-HT1F 1993 Tidak Yes Tidak Tidak Tidak Tidak
  • Migrain
  • Tidak diketahui
5-HT2A 1988 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
  • Addiksi (modulasi secara potensial)[44]
  • Ansietas[45]
  • Nafsu makan
  • Kognisi
  • Imajinasi
  • Belajar
  • Memori
  • Mood
  • Persepsi
  • Perilaku seksual[46]
  • Tidur[47]
  • Thermoregulasi[48]
  • Vasokonstriksi[49]
5-HT2B 1992 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
5-HT2C 1988 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
5-HT3 1993 Tidak Yes Yes Tidak Yes Tidak
  • Addiksi
  • Asietas
  • Emesis
  • Motilitas GI[66]
  • Belajar[67]
  • Memori[67]
  • Muntah
5-HT4 1995 Tidak Yes Yes Tidak Yes Tidak
5-HT5A 1994 Tidak Yes Tidak Tidak Tidak Tidak
  • Tidak ada selama ini
5-HT5B 1993 Tidak Tidak Tidak Tidak Tidak Tidak

Functions in rodents,
pseudogene in humans

  • tidak ada selama ini
5-HT6 1993 Tidak Yes Tidak Tidak Tidak Tidak
5-HT7 1993 Yes Yes Yes Tidak Tidak Tidak

Referensi

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