Penduduk asli Benua Amerika: Perbedaan antara revisi

Penduduk asli Benua Amerika
	Persebaran penduduk asli Benua Amerika pada saat ini
Jumlah populasi
	Sekitar 60.5 juta
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
Meksiko	25.7 juta
Bolivia	6.8 juta
Peru	6.0 juta
Guatemala	5.8 juta
Ekuador	3.4 juta
Amerika Serikat	2.9–5 juta
Chili	2.0 juta
Kanada	1.4 juta
Kolombia	1.4 juta
Argentina	955,032
Brasil	817,963
Venezuela	524,000
Honduras	520,000
Nicaragua	443,847
Panama	204,000
Paraguay	95,235
El Salvador	s. 70,000
Kosta Rika	s. 114,000
Guyana	s. 60,000
Greenland	s. 51,000
Belize	s. 24,501 (Maya)
Guiana Prancis	s. 19,000
Suriname	s. 12,000–24,000
Trinidad dan Tobago	1,460
Bahasa
	Rumpun bahasa Amerika asli, Inggris, Spanyol, Portugis, Prancis, Denmark, Belanda
Agama
	Agama Inuit; Agama Amerika asli; Kristen;

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Revisi terkini sejak 26 Juni 2023 18.04

Penduduk asli Benua Amerika adalah suku bangsa pra-Kolumbia di benua Amerika dan para keturunannya.

Indígenas atau pueblos indígenas (artinya "penduduk pribumi") adalah sebuah istilah umum di negara-negara pemakai bahasa Spanyol, dan pueblos nativos atau nativos (artinya "penduduk asli" dalam esensi keturunan non-imigran) merupakan sebutan umum di Chili, sementara aborigen (aborigin) digunakan di Argentina, dan pueblos aborígenes (penduduk aborigin) adalah kata umum di Chili. Istilah "Amerindian" (kependekan dari "'orang Indian di Amerika)" digunakan di Quebec, Guiana, dan Karibia pemakai bahasa Inggris.^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26] Penduduk asli umumnya dikenal di Kanada sebagai orang aborigin, yang tak hanya meluputi Bangsa-Bangsa Pertama dan Inuit Arktik, tetapi juga populasi minoritas ras belasteran Bangsa Pertama-Eropa suku Métis^[27]

Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-12.
^ "CIA - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.
^ "Composición Étnica del Perú". Diakses tanggal 14 January 2017.
^ http://www.ine.gob.gt/sistema/uploads/2014/02/26/L5pNHMXzxy5FFWmk9NHCrK9x7E5Qqvvy.pdf
^ United States Census Bureau. The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010
^ "Salinan arsip" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-07-18. Diakses tanggal 2017-03-16. ^{[perlu rujukan lengkap]}
^ Canada 2011 Census [1]
^ DANE 2005 National Census
^ "Población indígena o descendiente de pueblos indígenas u originarios en viviendas particulares por sexo, según edad en años simples y grupos quinquenales de edad" (xls). INDEC (dalam bahasa Spanish). 2010. Diakses tanggal 2 May 2015.
^ "2010 Census graphics of Brazil government". IBGE(Brazilian Institute of Geograph and Statistic. 2015-02-09.
^ "About this Collection" (PDF). The Library of Congress. Diakses tanggal 29 July 2015.
^ "CIA - The World Factbook - Honduras". Cia.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-05-15. Diakses tanggal 2013-12-03.
^ 2005 Census
^ "CIA - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-05-09. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.
^ "8 LIZCANO" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 20 September 2008. Diakses tanggal 2014-05-22.
^ "Una comunidad indígena salvadoreña pide su reconocimiento constitucional en el país". soitu.es. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.
^ "Costa Rica: Ethnic groups". Cia.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-01-07. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2010.
^ Lector de Google Drive. Docs.google.com. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
^ The World Factbook Diarsipkan 2020-05-09 di Wayback Machine.. Cia.gov. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
^ Redatam::CELADE, ECLAC - United Nations^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}. Celade.cepal.org. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
^ [2] Diarsipkan 20 August 2011 di Wayback Machine.
^ https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf Diarsipkan 2017-10-19 di Wayback Machine. | page 15
^ "Terminology." Survival International. Retrieved 30 March 2012. "Aborigen" Diccionario de la Real Academia Española. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
^ Reid, Basil. "Tracing Our Amerindian Heritage". www2.sta.uwi.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-02-16. Diakses tanggal 2016-02-10.
^ Guide, Barbados.org Travel. "The Abbreviated History Of Barbados". www.barbados.org. Diakses tanggal 2016-02-10.
^ Limited, Unique Media Design. "diGJamaica :: Amerindian Jamaica". diGJamaica.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-02-23. Diakses tanggal 2016-02-10.
^ "Terminology". Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-10-27. Diakses tanggal 11 November 2009. The Canadian Constitution recognizes three groups of Aboriginal people — Indians (First Nations), Métis and Inuit. These separate peoples have unique heritages, languages, cultural practices, and spiritual beliefs

Sumber[sunting | sunting sumber]

Gaskins, S. (1999). "Children's daily lives in a Mayan village: A case study of culturally constructed roles and activities". Children's engagement in the world: Sociocultural perspectives: 25–61.
Nimmo, J. (2008). "Young children's access to real life: An examination of the growing boundaries between children in child care and adults in the community". Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood. 9 (1): 3–13. doi:10.2304/ciec.2008.9.1.3.
Morelli, G.; Rogoff, B.; Angelillo, C. (2003). "Cultural variation in young children's access to work or involvement in specialised child-focused activities". International Journal of Behavioral Development. 27 (3): 264–274. doi:10.1080/01650250244000335.
Woodhead, M. (1998). Children's perspectives on their working lives: A participatory study in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, the Philippines, Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua.
Rogoff, B.; Morelli, G. A.; Chavajay, P. (2010). "Children's Integration in Communities and Segregation From People of Differing Ages". Perspectives on Psychological Science. 5 (4): 431–440. doi:10.1177/1745691610375558.
Gaskins, S. (2006). 13 The Cultural Organization of Yucatec Mayan Children's Social Interactions. Peer relationships in cultural context, 283.

Buku[sunting | sunting sumber]

König, Eva (2002). Indianer 1858-1928, Photographische Reisen von Alaska bis Feuerland. Museum für Volkerkunde Hamburg: Edition Braus. ISBN 3-89904-021-X.
Cappel, Constance (2007). The Smallpox Genocide of the Odawa Tribe at L'Arbre Croche, 1763: The History of a Native American People. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 978-0-7734-5220-6. OCLC 175217515.
Cappel, Constance,(editor) (2006). Odawa Language and Legends: Andrew J. Blackbird and Raymond Kiogima. Xlibris. ISBN 1-59926-920-1.
Churchill, Ward (1997). A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the Present. San Francisco: City Lights Books. ISBN 978-0-87286-323-1. OCLC 35029491.
Dean, Bartholomew (2002). "State Power and Indigenous Peoples in Peruvian Amazonia: A Lost Decade, 1990–2000". Dalam Maybury-Lewis, David. The Politics of Ethnicity: Indigenous Peoples in Latin American States. David Rockefeller Center series on Latin American studies, Harvard University. 9. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University/David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies. hlm. 199–238. ISBN 0-674-00964-9. OCLC 427474742.
Dean, Bartholomew; Levi, Jerome M. (2003). At the Risk of Being Heard: Identity, Indigenous Rights, and Postcolonial States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-09736-4. OCLC 50841012.
Dean, Bartholomew (January 2006). "Salt of the Mountain: Campa Asháninka History and Resistance in the Peruvian Jungle (review)". The Americas. 62 (3): 464–466. doi:10.1353/tam.2006.0013. ISSN 0003-1615.
Kane, Katie (1999). "Nits Make Lice: Drogheda, Sand Creek, and the Poetics of Colonial Extermination". Cultural Critique. University of Minnesota Press. 42 (42): 81–103. doi:10.2307/1354592. ISSN 0882-4371. JSTOR 1354592.
Krech, Shepard III (1999). The Ecological Indian: Myth and History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-04755-4. OCLC 318358852.
Varese, Stefano; Ribeiro, Darcy (2004) [2002]. Salt of the Mountain: Campa Ashaninka History and Resistance in the Peruvian Jungle. trans. Susan Giersbach Rascón. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3512-3. OCLC 76909908.

Bacaan tambahan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Hamilton, Charles (ed) (1950). Cry of the Thunderbird; the American Indian's own story. New York: Macmillan Company

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

"Information About California Tribes" Northern California Indian Development Council
The Peopling of the American Continents, Early California History
Indigenous Peoples in Brazil. Instituto Socioambiental (ISA)
America's Stone Age explorers, PBS Nova
A history of Native people of Canada - The Canadian Museum of Civilization
Native Land Diarsipkan 2015-08-22 di Wayback Machine. An interactive website mapping First Nations territories, languages, and treaties in North America.
Chamberlain, Alexander Francis (1911). "Indians, North American". Encyclopædia Britannica (edisi ke-11).
Composición Étnica del Perú

[1] "Archived copy" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-12.

[2] "CIA - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.

[3] "Composición Étnica del Perú". Diakses tanggal 14 January 2017.

[4] ttp://www.ine.gob.gt/sistema/uploads/2014/02/26/L5pNHMXzxy5FFWmk9NHCrK9x7E5Qqvvy.pdf

[uscensus-5] United States Census Bureau. The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010

[6] "Salinan arsip" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-07-18. Diakses tanggal 2017-03-16. ^{[perlu rujukan lengkap]}

[7] Canada 2011 Census [1]

[8] DANE 2005 National Census

[9] "Población indígena o descendiente de pueblos indígenas u originarios en viviendas particulares por sexo, según edad en años simples y grupos quinquenales de edad" (xls). INDEC (dalam bahasa Spanish). 2010. Diakses tanggal 2 May 2015.

[10] "2010 Census graphics of Brazil government". IBGE(Brazilian Institute of Geograph and Statistic. 2015-02-09.

[11] "About this Collection" (PDF). The Library of Congress. Diakses tanggal 29 July 2015.

[12] "CIA - The World Factbook - Honduras". Cia.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-05-15. Diakses tanggal 2013-12-03.

[13] 2005 Census

[14] "CIA - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-05-09. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.

[15] "8 LIZCANO" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 20 September 2008. Diakses tanggal 2014-05-22.

[16] "Una comunidad indígena salvadoreña pide su reconocimiento constitucional en el país". soitu.es. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.

[CIArace-17] "Costa Rica: Ethnic groups". Cia.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-01-07. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2010.

[docs-18] Lector de Google Drive. Docs.google.com. Retrieved 12 July 2013.

[19] The World Factbook Diarsipkan 2020-05-09 di Wayback Machine.. Cia.gov. Retrieved 12 July 2013.

[20] Redatam::CELADE, ECLAC - United Nations^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}. Celade.cepal.org. Retrieved 12 July 2013.

[21] [2] Diarsipkan 20 August 2011 di Wayback Machine.

[22] ttps://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf Diarsipkan 2017-10-19 di Wayback Machine. | page 15

[23] "Terminology." Survival International. Retrieved 30 March 2012. "Aborigen" Diccionario de la Real Academia Española. Retrieved 8 February 2012.

[24] Reid, Basil. "Tracing Our Amerindian Heritage". www2.sta.uwi.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-02-16. Diakses tanggal 2016-02-10.

[25] Guide, Barbados.org Travel. "The Abbreviated History Of Barbados". www.barbados.org. Diakses tanggal 2016-02-10.

[26] Limited, Unique Media Design. "diGJamaica :: Amerindian Jamaica". diGJamaica.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-02-23. Diakses tanggal 2016-02-10.

[Canada-27] "Terminology". Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-10-27. Diakses tanggal 11 November 2009. The Canadian Constitution recognizes three groups of Aboriginal people — Indians (First Nations), Métis and Inuit. These separate peoples have unique heritages, languages, cultural practices, and spiritual beliefs

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[27]

@@ Baris 11: / Baris 11: @@
 |region2 = {{flag|Bolivia}}
 |pop2 = 6.8 juta
-|ref2 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bl.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=23 February 2011}}</ref>
+|ref2 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bl.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=23 February 2011 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225154232/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bl.html%20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 |region3 = {{flag|Peru}}
 |pop3 = 6.0 juta
@@ Baris 26: / Baris 26: @@
 |region7 = {{flag|Chili}}
 |pop7 = 2.0 juta
-|ref7 = <ref>http://estudios.anda.cl/recursos/censo_2012.pdf{{full citation needed|date=November 2015}}</ref>
+|ref7 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://estudios.anda.cl/recursos/censo_2012.pdf |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2017-03-16 |archive-date=2013-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718000253/http://estudios.anda.cl/recursos/censo_2012.pdf |dead-url=yes }}{{full citation needed|date=November 2015}}</ref>
 |region8 = {{flag|Kanada}}
 |pop8 = 1.4 juta
@@ Baris 44: / Baris 44: @@
 |region13 = {{flag|Honduras}}
 |pop13 = 520,000
-|ref13 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook - Honduras |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=2013-12-03}}</ref>
+|ref13 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook - Honduras |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=2013-12-03 |archive-date=2020-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515044500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 |region14 = {{flag|Nicaragua}}
 |pop14 = 443,847
@@ Baris 50: / Baris 50: @@
 |region15 = {{flag|Panama}}
 |pop15 = 204,000
-|ref15 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=23 February 2011}}</ref>
+|ref15 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=23 February 2011 |archive-date=2020-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509035752/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 |region16 = {{flag|Paraguay}}
 |pop16 = 95,235
@@ Baris 59: / Baris 59: @@
 |region18 = {{flag|Kosta Rika}}
 |pop18 = s. 114,000
-|ref18 = <ref name=CIArace>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html |title=Costa Rica: Ethnic groups |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=21 December 2010}}</ref>
+|ref18 = <ref name=CIArace>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html |title=Costa Rica: Ethnic groups |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=21 December 2010 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107034112/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html%20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 |region19 = {{flag|Guyana}}
 |pop19 = s. 60,000
@@ Baris 65: / Baris 65: @@
 |region20 = {{flag|Greenland}}
 |pop20 = s. 51,000
-|ref20 = <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gl.html The World Factbook]. Cia.gov. Retrieved 12 July 2013.</ref>
+|ref20 = <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gl.html The World Factbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509035824/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gl.html |date=2020-05-09 }}. Cia.gov. Retrieved 12 July 2013.</ref>
 |region21 = {{flag|Belize}}
 |pop21 = s. 24,501 (Maya)
 |ref21 = <ref>[http://celade.cepal.org/cgibin/RpWebEngine.exe/PortalAction?&MODE=MAIN&BASE=CPVBLZ2000&MAIN=WebServerMain.inl Redatam::CELADE, ECLAC - United Nations]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Celade.cepal.org. Retrieved 12 July 2013.</ref>
-|region22 = {{flag|Guiana Perancis}}
+|region22 = {{flag|Guiana Prancis}}
 |pop22 = s. 19,000
 |ref22 = <ref>[http://www.indigene.de/30.html?&L=2 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820071429/http://www.indigene.de/30.html?&L=2 |date=20 August 2011 }}</ref>
@@ Baris 77: / Baris 77: @@
 |region24 = {{flag|Trinidad dan Tobago}}
 |pop24 = 1,460
-|ref24 = <ref>https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf | page 15</ref>
+|ref24 = <ref>https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019211618/https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf |date=2017-10-19 }} | page 15</ref>
-|languages = [[Rumpun bahasa Amerika asli]], [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]], [[Bahasa Spanyol|Spanyol]], [[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]], [[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]], [[Bahasa Denmark|Denmark]], [[Bahasa Belanda|Belanda]]
+|languages = [[Rumpun bahasa Amerika asli]], [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]], [[Bahasa Spanyol|Spanyol]], [[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]], [[Bahasa Prancis|Prancis]], [[Bahasa Denmark|Denmark]], [[Bahasa Belanda|Belanda]]
 |religions = {{plainlist|
 *[[Agama Inuit]]
@@ Baris 85: / Baris 85: @@
 |related =
 }}
-[[Berkas:Sra. Charo and the Qewar dollmakers.jpg|thumb|Wanita [[suku Quechua|Quechua]] di [[Andahuaylillas]], [[Peru]]]]
+[[Berkas:Sra. Charo and the Qewar dollmakers.jpg|jmpl|Wanita [[suku Quechua|Quechua]] di [[Andahuaylillas]], [[Peru]]]]
-[[Berkas:Navajo Cowboy-1.jpg|thumb|right|Seorang pria [[suku Navajo|Navajo]] sedang menunggani kuda di [[lembah Monument]], [[Arizona]], [[Amerika Serikat]]]]
+[[Berkas:Navajo Cowboy-1.jpg|jmpl|ka|Seorang pria [[suku Navajo|Navajo]] sedang menunggani kuda di [[lembah Monument]], [[Arizona]], [[Amerika Serikat]]]]
-[[Berkas:Qamutik 1 1999-04-01.jpg|thumb|Beberapa [[orang Inuit]] di atas sebuah ''qamutik'' tradisional di [[Tanjung Dorset]], [[Nunavut]], [[Kanada]]]]
+[[Berkas:Qamutik 1 1999-04-01.jpg|jmpl|Beberapa [[orang Inuit]] di atas sebuah ''qamutik'' tradisional di [[Tanjung Dorset]], [[Nunavut]], [[Kanada]]]]
 '''Penduduk asli Benua Amerika''' adalah suku bangsa [[pra-Kolumbia]] di [[benua Amerika]] dan para keturunannya.
-''Indígenas'' atau ''pueblos indígenas'' (artinya "penduduk pribumi") adalah sebuah istilah umum di [[negara-negara pemakai bahasa Spanyol]], dan ''pueblos nativos'' atau ''nativos'' (artinya "penduduk asli" dalam esensi keturunan non-imigran) merupakan sebutan umum di [[Chili]], sementara ''aborigen'' (aborigin) digunakan di [[Argentina]], dan ''pueblos aborígenes'' (penduduk aborigin) adalah kata umum di [[Chili]]. Istilah "Amerindian" (kependekan dari "'orang Indian di Amerika)" digunakan di [[Quebec]], [[Guiana]], dan [[Karibia Persemakmuran|Karibia pemakai bahasa Inggris]].<ref>[http://www.survivalinternational.org/info/terminology "Terminology."] ''Survival International.'' Retrieved 30 March 2012. [http://lema.rae.es/drae/?val=aborigen "Aborigen"] ''Diccionario de la Real Academia Española''. Retrieved 8 February 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Tracing Our Amerindian Heritage|url = http://www2.sta.uwi.edu/pelican/exclusives/oex_3.asp|website = www2.sta.uwi.edu|access-date = 2016-02-10|last = Reid|first = Basil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = The Abbreviated History Of Barbados|url = http://www.barbados.org/history1.htm|website = www.barbados.org|access-date = 2016-02-10|first = Barbados.org Travel|last = Guide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = diGJamaica :: Amerindian Jamaica|url = http://www.digjamaica.com/amerindian_jamaica|website = diGJamaica.com|access-date = 2016-02-10|first = Unique Media Design|last = Limited}}</ref> Penduduk asli umumnya dikenal di [[Kanada]] sebagai [[orang aborigin di Kanada|orang aborigin]], yang tak hanya meluputi [[Bangsa-Bangsa Pertama]] dan [[Inuit]] Arktik, namun juga populasi minoritas ras belasteran Bangsa Pertama-Eropa [[suku Métis (Kanada)|suku Métis]]<ref name=Canada>{{cite web|url=http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ap/tln-eng.asp|title=Terminology|work=Indian and Northern Affairs Canada| accessdate=11 November 2009 |quote= The [[Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982|Canadian Constitution]] recognizes three groups of Aboriginal people&nbsp;— Indians (First Nations), Métis and Inuit. These separate peoples have unique heritages, languages, cultural practices, and spiritual beliefs}}</ref>
+''Indígenas'' atau ''pueblos indígenas'' (artinya "penduduk pribumi") adalah sebuah istilah umum di [[negara-negara pemakai bahasa Spanyol]], dan ''pueblos nativos'' atau ''nativos'' (artinya "penduduk asli" dalam esensi keturunan non-imigran) merupakan sebutan umum di [[Chili]], sementara ''aborigen'' (aborigin) digunakan di [[Argentina]], dan ''pueblos aborígenes'' (penduduk aborigin) adalah kata umum di [[Chili]]. Istilah "Amerindian" (kependekan dari "'orang Indian di Amerika)" digunakan di [[Quebec]], [[Guiana]], dan [[Karibia Persemakmuran|Karibia pemakai bahasa Inggris]].<ref>[http://www.survivalinternational.org/info/terminology "Terminology."] ''Survival International.'' Retrieved 30 March 2012. [http://lema.rae.es/drae/?val=aborigen "Aborigen"] ''Diccionario de la Real Academia Española''. Retrieved 8 February 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Tracing Our Amerindian Heritage|url = http://www2.sta.uwi.edu/pelican/exclusives/oex_3.asp|website = www2.sta.uwi.edu|access-date = 2016-02-10|last = Reid|first = Basil|archive-date = 2016-02-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160216050126/http://www2.sta.uwi.edu/pelican/exclusives/oex_3.asp|dead-url = yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = The Abbreviated History Of Barbados|url = http://www.barbados.org/history1.htm|website = www.barbados.org|access-date = 2016-02-10|first = Barbados.org Travel|last = Guide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = diGJamaica :: Amerindian Jamaica|url = http://www.digjamaica.com/amerindian_jamaica|website = diGJamaica.com|access-date = 2016-02-10|first = Unique Media Design|last = Limited|archive-date = 2016-02-23|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160223225624/http://digjamaica.com/amerindian_jamaica|dead-url = yes}}</ref> Penduduk asli umumnya dikenal di [[Kanada]] sebagai [[orang aborigin di Kanada|orang aborigin]], yang tak hanya meluputi [[Bangsa-Bangsa Pertama]] dan [[Inuit]] Arktik, tetapi juga populasi minoritas ras belasteran Bangsa Pertama-Eropa [[suku Métis (Kanada)|suku Métis]]<ref name=Canada>{{cite web|url=http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ap/tln-eng.asp|title=Terminology|work=Indian and Northern Affairs Canada|accessdate=11 November 2009|quote=The [[Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982|Canadian Constitution]] recognizes three groups of Aboriginal people&nbsp;— Indians (First Nations), Métis and Inuit. These separate peoples have unique heritages, languages, cultural practices, and spiritual beliefs|archive-date=2009-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027041022/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ap/tln-eng.asp|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 == Catatan ==
@@ Baris 113: / Baris 113: @@
 * {{Cite book | last1 = Dean | first1 = Bartholomew | last2 = Levi | first2 = Jerome M. | title = At the Risk of Being Heard: Identity, Indigenous Rights, and Postcolonial States |url=https://books.google.com/?id=ESutGButMOAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=At+the+Risk+of+Being+Heard:+Identity,+Indigenous+Rights,+and+Postcolonial+States#v=onepage&q=| year = 2003 | publisher = [[University of Michigan Press]] | location = Ann Arbor | isbn = 978-0-472-09736-4 | oclc =50841012}}
 * {{cite journal |last=Dean |first=Bartholomew |date=January 2006 |title=Salt of the Mountain: Campa Asháninka History and Resistance in the Peruvian Jungle (review)|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/the_americas/v062/62.3dean.html |journal=The Americas |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=464–466 |issn=0003-1615 |doi=10.1353/tam.2006.0013}}
-* {{cite journal |last=Kane |first=Katie |year=1999 |title=Nits Make Lice: Drogheda, Sand Creek, and the Poetics of Colonial Extermination |journal=Cultural Critique |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=81–103 |issn=0882-4371 |doi=10.2307/1354592 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |jstor=1354592}}
+* {{cite journal |last=Kane |first=Katie |year=1999 |title=Nits Make Lice: Drogheda, Sand Creek, and the Poetics of Colonial Extermination |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cultural-critique_spring-1999_42/page/81 |journal=Cultural Critique |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=81–103 |issn=0882-4371 |doi=10.2307/1354592 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |jstor=1354592}}
 * {{Cite book | last1 = Krech | first1 = Shepard III| title =The Ecological Indian: Myth and History| year = 1999 | publisher= [[W. W. Norton & Company]] | location = New York|url=https://books.google.com/?id=on7tKuPdlaMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Ecological+Indian:+Myth+and+History#v=onepage&q= | isbn = 978-0-393-04755-4 | oclc =318358852}}
 * {{Cite book | last1 = Varese | first1 = Stefano | last2 = Ribeiro | first2 = Darcy | author2-link = Darcy Ribeiro | title =Salt of the Mountain: Campa Ashaninka History and Resistance in the Peruvian Jungle| year = 2004 |origyear= 2002| publisher = University of Oklahoma Press | location = Norman |others= trans. Susan Giersbach Rascón|url=https://books.google.com/?id=NCXw6o3YaMkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Salt+of+the+Mountain:+Campa+Ashaninka+History+and+Resistance+in+the+Peruvian+Jungle#v=onepage&q=| isbn = 0-8061-3512-3 |oclc=76909908}}
@@ Baris 129: / Baris 129: @@
 * [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/stoneage/megafauna.html America's Stone Age explorers], ''[[PBS]] [[Nova (TV series)|Nova]]''
 * [http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/archeo/hnpc/npint00e.shtml A history of Native people of Canada - The Canadian Museum of Civilization]''
-* [http://native-land.net Native Land] An interactive website mapping First Nations territories, languages, and treaties in North America.
+* [http://native-land.net Native Land] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822043855/http://www.native-land.net/ |date=2015-08-22 }} An interactive website mapping First Nations territories, languages, and treaties in North America.
 * {{Cite EB1911 |last=Chamberlain |first=Alexander Francis |authorlink=Alexander Francis Chamberlain |wstitle=Indians, North American |short=x}}
 * [http://www.espejodelperu.com.pe/Poblacion-del-Peru/Composicion-etnica-del-Peru.htm Composición Étnica del Perú]
+{{Pra-Kolumbus}}{{Authority control}}
-{{Authority control}}
 [[Kategori:Kelompok etnis di Amerika]]

l b s Peradaban dan kebudayaan Pra-Kolumbus
Amerika	Paleo-Indian · Sejarah genetik · Arkeologi di Amerika · Penduduk asli Benua Amerika
Amerika Utara	Budaya Amerika Utara pra-Columbus · Chichimeca · Tradisi Hopewell · Budaya Mississippi ·
Mesoamerika	Kronologi Mesoamerika pra-Columbus – Capacha – Cholula – Coclé – Epi-Olmec – Huastec – Izapa – Mixtec – Olmec – Pipil – Quelepa – Tradisi makam poros – Teuchitlan – Tarascan – Teotihuacan – Tlatilco – Toltec – Totonac – Veracruz – Xochipala – Zapotec
Amerika Selatan	Masyarakat adat Amerika Selatan – Kronologi pra-Columbus – Aymara– Cañaris – Chachapoya – Chancay – Chavín – Chimu – El Abra – Budaya hidrolik gundukan (Bolivia) – Las Vegas – Lima – La Tolita (Tumaco) – Manteño-Guancavilca – Mapuche – Moche – Mollo – Muisca (Chibchas) – Nariño – Nazca – Norte Chico – Quimbaya – San Agustin – Shuar – Sican – Taino – Tairona – Tiwanaku – Tierradentro – Valdivia – Wari
	Kekaisaran Aztek (Peradaban Aztek)	Peradaban Maya	Kekaisaran Inka (Peradaban Inka)
Bahasa	Nahuatl	Maya	Quechua
Penulisan	Penulisan Aztek	Penulisan Maya	Quipu
Agama	Agama Aztek	Agama Maya	Agama Inka
Mitologi	Mitologi Aztek	Mitologi Maya	Mitologi Inka
Penanggalan	Kalender Aztek	Kalender Maya
Masyarakat	Masyarakat Aztek	Masyarakat Maya	Masyarakat Inka
Infrastruktur	Chinamp	Arsitektur Maya	Arsitektur Inca (sistem jalan) Agrikultur Inka
Sejarah	Sejarah Aztek		Sejarah Inka
Tokoh	Moctezuma I Moctezuma II Cuitlahuac Cuauhtémoc	K'inich Janaab' Pakal Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil Jasaw Chan K'awiil I	Manco Capac Pachacuti Atahualpa Manco Inca Yupanqui
Penaklukan	Penaklukan Spanyol di Kekaisaran Aztek (Hernán Cortés)	Spanyol di Yucatán (Francisco de Montejo) Penaklukan Spanyol di Guatemala (Pedro de Alvarado)	Penaklukan Spanyol di Kekaisaran Inka (Francisco Pizarro)
Lihat pula
en:Portal:Indigenous peoples of North America – Pertukaran Columbus – Sistem penulisan Mesoamerika – Masakan Amerika asli – Gerabah Amerika asli – Sejarah populasi masyarakat adat Amerika – Seni Pra-Columbus – Lukisan di Amerika sebelum penjajahan

Pengawasan otoritas
Umum	Integrated Authority File (Jerman)
Perpustakaan nasional	Spanyol Prancis (data) Amerika Serikat 2 Latvia Taiwan Jepang Republik Ceko Israel Kroasia Polandia Vatikan
Lain-lain	Microsoft Academic National Archives (US)