Chanyu

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Xiongnu

Chanyu (Hanzi: 單于; Hanzi: 单于; Pinyin: Chányú; singkatan dari Chengli Gutu Chanyu (Hanzi: 撐犁孤塗單于; Pinyin: Chēnglí Gūtu Chányú)) adalah gelar yang dipakai oleh penguasa konfederasi suku nomaden Xiongnu, khususnya oleh klan Luandi pada masa Dinasti Qin (221-206 SM) dan Han (206 SM–220 M).

Daftar Chanyu Xiongnu[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Tionghoa Pinyin / Wade-Giles Guangyun Nama pribadi Berkuasa Catatan
Touman (頭曼單于/头曼单于) Tóumàn / t'ou-man 240–209 SM
Modu Chanyu (冒頓單于/冒顿单于) mòdú / mou-tun Luandi Modu (攣鞮冒頓 / 挛鞮冒顿) 209–174 SM atau Batur (Baγatur) [1]
Laoshang Chanyu (老上單于/老上单于) lǎoshàng / lao-shang 174–161 SM
Junchen Chanyu (軍臣單于/军臣单于) jūnchén / chün-ch'en 161–126 SM
Yizhixie Chanyu (伊稚斜單于/伊稚斜单于) yīzhìxié / i-chih-hsieh 126–114 SM
Wuwei Chanyu (烏維/乌维) 114–105 SM
Er Chanyu (兒單于/儿单于) Wushilu (烏師廬/乌师庐) 105–102/101 SM "Err Chanyu" (di bawah umur) [2]
Xulihu Chanyu (呴犛湖/呴犁湖) 102/101–101/100 SM
Qiedihou (且鞮侯) 101/100–96 SM atau Quidi, Chedihou
Hulugu Chanyu (狐鹿姑單于/狐鹿姑单于) húlùgū / hu-lu-ku 96–85 SM
Huyandi Chanyu (壺衍鞮單于/壺衍鞮单于) húyǎndī / hu-yen-ti 85–68 SM
Xulüquanqu Chanyu (虛閭權渠單于/虚闾权渠单于) xūlǘquánqú / hsü-lü-ch'üan-ch'ü 68–60 SM
Woyanqudi Chanyu (握衍朐鞮單于/握衍朐鞮单于) wòyǎnqúdī / wo-lu-ch'ü-ti Tuqitang (屠耆堂/ 屠耆堂) 60–58 SM
Huhanye Chanyu (呼韓邪單于/呼韩邪单于) hūhánxié / hu-han-hsieh Jihoushan [3]
( 稽侯狦)
58 – 31 SM
Tuqi 屠耆單于, 58–56 SM
Hujie 呼揭單于, 57 SM
Juli 車犂單于, 57–56 SM
Wuji 烏籍單于, 57 SM
Runzhen 閏振單于, 56–54 SM
Zhizhi Chanyu 郅支單于, 55 – 36 SM
Yilimu 伊利目單于, 49 SM
Fuzhulei Ruoti Chanyu [4]
(復株纍若鞮單于/复株累若鞮单于)
fùzhūléiruòdī/fu-chu-lei-je-ti Diaotaomogao (彫陶莫皋/雕陶莫皋)[5] 31–20 SM
Souxie Chanyu [6]
(搜諧若鞮單于/搜谐若鞮单于)
Jumixu [7]
(且麋胥)
20–12 SM Gelar Jodi-Chanyu
Juya Chanyu [8]
(車牙若鞮單于/车牙若鞮单于)
Jumoju [9]
(且莫車/挛鞮且莫车)
12–8 SM Gelar Jodi-Chanyu
Wuzhuliu Chanyu [10] (烏珠留若鞮單于/乌珠留若鞮单于) Nangzhiyasi/Zhi [11]
(囊知牙斯)
8 SM – 13 M Gelar Jodi-Chanyu
Wulei Chanyu[12] (烏累若鞮單于/乌累若鞮单于) Xian (鹹/挛鞮咸) 13–18 M Gelar Jodi-Chanyu
Huduershidaogao Chanyu [13] (呼都而尸道皋若鞮單于/呼都而尸道皋若鞮单于) Yu (輿/挛鞮舆) 18–46 M
Wudadihou (烏達鞮侯/乌达鞮侯) [14] Wudadi 46 M

Xiongnu Utara (北匈奴)[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Berkuasa Catatan
Punu Chanyu (蒲奴) 46–? M
Youliu [15] (優留) ?–87 M
Chanyu Utara (北單于) 88–? M
Yuchujian [16] (於除鞬單于) 91–93 M
Feng-hou (逢侯) 94–118 M

Xiongnu Selatan (南匈奴)[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Nama pribadi Berkuasa
Sutuhu/Bi (蘇屠胡/比)
Huhanxie yang Kedua (呼韓邪第二)
Xiluo Shizhu Ti (醯落尸逐鞮)
48–56/55 M
Qiufu Youti/Mo
(丘浮尤提)
55/56–56/57 M
Yifa Yulüti/Han
(伊伐於慮提)
??? 56/57–59 M
Xitong Shizhu Houti/Shi
(醯僮尸逐侯提)
59–63 M
Qiuchu Julinti/Su
丘除車林提
63 M
Huxie Shizhu Houti/Chang
(湖邪尸逐侯提)
63–85 M
Yitu Yulüti/Xuan
(伊屠於閭提/宣)
85–88 M
Tuntuhe [17] Shulan [18]
Xiulan Shizhu Houti (休蘭尸逐侯提)
88–93 M
Anguo [19](安國) 93–94 M
Shizi [20](師子)
Tingdu Shizhu Houti (亭獨尸逐侯提)
94–98 M
Wanshishizhudi/Tan (萬氏尸逐侯提/檀) 98-124M
98–118 M
Wujihoushizhudi/Ba
(烏稽尸逐侯提/拔)
124–127/128 M
Xiuli (休利)
Qute Ruoshi Zhujiu (去特若尸逐就)[21]
127/128–140/142?
Cheniu [22] 140–143 M
Toulouchu (兜樓儲) [23]
Hulan Ruoshi Zhujiu(呼蘭若尸逐就)
143–147 M
Jucheer (居車兒)[24]
Yiling Ruoshi Zhujiu (伊陵若尸逐就)
147–158 M (d. 172 M)
Tute Ruoshi Zhujiu (屠特若尸逐就)[25] 158–178 M
Huzheng [26] (呼徵) 178–179 M
Qiangqu
(羌渠)
atau Qiangquy, Qiangqu,[27] 179–188 M
Yufuluo
(於扶羅)
188–195 M
Huchuquan (呼廚泉) 195–?

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ Hirth F. Sinologische Beitrage zur Geschichte der Turk-Volker. Die Ahnentafel Attila's nach Johannes von Thurocz. Bull. Imhlm. AcM, series V, vol. XIII, 1900, No 2, hlm. 221–261.
  2. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 46
  3. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 59
  4. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 86
  5. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 86
  6. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 86
  7. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 86
  8. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 87
  9. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 87
  10. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 87
  11. ^ R. de Crespigny, "Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire", Australian National University Faculty of Asian Studies Monographs, New Series No.4, Canberra 1984, "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 2010-12-17. 
  12. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, hlm. 105–107
  13. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 108–109
  14. ^ R. de Crespigny, "Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire", 1984
  15. ^ R. de Crespigny, "Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire", 1984
  16. ^ R. de Crespigny, "Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire", 1984
  17. ^ R. de Crespigny, "Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire", 1984
  18. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 130–134
  19. ^ R. de Crespigny, "Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire", 1984
  20. ^ R. de Crespigny, "Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire", 1984
  21. ^ R. de Crespigny, "Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire", 1984
  22. ^ R. de Crespigny, "Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire", 1984
  23. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 144
  24. ^ R. de Crespigny, Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire, 1984
  25. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times, 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 145 (True name unknown; the Chinese moniker has negative connotation; confirmed by Chinese Court as Chanyu in 172 M)
  26. ^ Bichurin N.Ya., Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times, 1851, vol. 1, hlm. 145
  27. ^ R. de Crespigny, Northern Frontier: the policies and strategy of the Later Han empire, 1984