Demokrasi Kristen (Italia)

Demokrasi Kristen

Democrazia Cristiana
Demokrasi Kristen Democrazia Cristiana
Pemimpin	Alcide De Gasperi; Amintore Fanfani; Aldo Moro; Mariano Rumor; Giulio Andreotti; Arnaldo Forlani; Benigno Zaccagnini; Flaminio Piccoli; Ciriaco De Mita; Mino Martinazzoli
Dibentuk	15 Desember 1943
Dibubarkan	16 Januari 1994
Didahului oleh	Partai Rakyat Italia; (pendahulu tak sah)
Diteruskan oleh	Partai Rakyat Italia; (penerus sah); Pusat Demokrat Kristen; (pecahan)
Surat kabar	Il Popolo
Sayap pemuda	Gerakan Pemuda Demokrasi Kristen
Sayap wanita	Gerakan Wanita Demokrasi Kristen
Keanggotaan (1990)	2,109,670
Ideologi	Demokrasi Kristen; Popularisme; Pro-Eropanisme
Posisi politik	Tengah
Afiliasi nasional	Kiri tengah organik (1962–76); Kompromis sejarah (1976–80); Pentapartito (1980–93)
Afiliasi Eropa	Partai Rakyat Eropa
Afiliasi internasional	Kristen Demokrat Internasional
Kelompok Parlemen Eropa	Partai Rakyat Eropa
Warna	Putih (resmi); Biru muda (kebiasaan);
Bendera
	Politik Italia;

Demokrasi Kristen (bahasa Italia: Democrazia Cristiana, DC) adalah sebuah partai politik demokrasi Kristen^[8]^[9] di Italia. DC dibentuk pada 1943 sebagai penerus ideologi dari Partai Rakyat Italia, yang memiliki simbol yang sama, sebuah tameng bergambar salib (scudo crociato). Sebagai sebuah partai Katolik Roma, sentris,^[10] partai yang merangkul seluruh golongan^[11] yang terdiri dari faksi politik kanan dan kiri, DC memainkan peran dominan dalam politik Italia selama 50 tahun dari pembentukannya pada 1944 sampai akhirnya dibubarkan pada 1994 ketika terjadi penyelidikan yudisial seluruh negeri terhadap korupsi politik sistematis. Partai tersebut dijuluki Paus Putih (Balena bianca).^[12]

Kepemimpinan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Sekretaris: Alcide De Gasperi (1944–1946), Attilio Piccioni (1946–1949), Giuseppe Cappi (1949), Paolo Emilio Taviani (1949–1950), Guido Gonella (1950–1953), Alcide De Gasperi (1953–1954), Amintore Fanfani (1954–1959), Aldo Moro (1959–1964), Mariano Rumor (1964–1969), Flaminio Piccoli (1969), Arnaldo Forlani (1969–1973), Amintore Fanfani (1973–1975), Benigno Zaccagnini (1975–1980), Flaminio Piccoli (1980–1982), Ciriaco De Mita (1982–1989), Arnaldo Forlani (1989–1992), Mino Martinazzoli (1992–1994)
Presiden: Alcide De Gasperi (1946–1954), Adone Zoli (1954–1960), Attilio Piccioni (1960–1966), Mario Scelba (1966–1969), Benigno Zaccagnini (1969–1975), Amintore Fanfani (1976), Aldo Moro (1976–1978), Flaminio Piccoli (1978–1980), Arnaldo Forlani (1980–1989), Ciriaco De Mita (1989–1992), Rosa Russo Iervolino (1992–1994)
Pemimpin Partai dalam Dewan Deputi: Giovanni Gronchi (1946–1948), Giuseppe Cappi (1948–1949), Giuseppe Spataro (1949), Giuseppe Cappi (1950), Giuseppe Bettiol (1950–1953), Aldo Moro (1953–1956), Attilio Piccioni (1956–1958), Luigi Gui (1958–1962), Benigno Zaccagnini (1962–1968), Fiorentino Sullo (1968), Giulio Andreotti (1968–1972), Flaminio Piccoli (1972–1978), Giovanni Galloni (1978–1979), Gerardo Bianco (1979–1983), Virginio Rognoni (1983–1986), Mino Martinazzoli (1986–1989), Vincenzo Scotti (1989–1990), Antonio Gava (1990–1992), Gerardo Bianco (1992–1994)

Simbol[sunting | sunting sumber]

1943–1968
1968–1992
1992–1994

Bacaan tambahan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Leonardi, Robert; Albert, Paolo (2004). Steven Van Hecke; Emmanuel Gerard, ed. From Dominance to Doom? Christian Democracy in Italy. Christian Democratic Parties in Europe Since the End of the Cold War. Leuven University Press. hlm. 105–131. ISBN 90-5867-377-4.
Masala, Carlo (2004). Michael Gehler; Wolfram Kaiser, ed. Born for Government: The Democrazia Cristiana in Italy. Christian Democracy in Europe since 1945. Routledge. hlm. 88–102. ISBN 0-7146-5662-3.

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Movimento femminile della Democrazia cristiana Diarsipkan 2014-08-12 di Wayback Machine., istituto Don Luigi Sturzo, 9 Juni 2014
^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-10. Diakses tanggal 2016-06-15.
^ Maurizio Cotta e Luca Verzichelli, Political Institutions of Italy, Oxford University Press.
^ Mark Donovan (1998). "Democrazia Cristiana: party of government". Dalam David Hanley. Christian Democracy in Europe. Continuum International Publishing Group. hlm. 72. ISBN 978-1-85567-382-3. Diakses tanggal 17 Agustus 2012.
^ Continuità e cambiamento dalla DC a Berlusconi Diarsipkan 2013-09-27 di Wayback Machine., AffarInternazionali, 16 Februari 2009
^ Democrazia Cristiana, Enciclopedia Treccani
^ Il Pentapartito - Storia della Repubblica Italiana
^ Maurizio Cotta; Luca Verzichelli (12 May 2007). Political Institutions of Italy. Oxford University Press. hlm. 38. ISBN 978-0-19-928470-2. Diakses tanggal 24 August 2012.
^ Gary Marks; Carole Wilson (1999). "National Parties and the Contestation of Europe". Dalam T. Banchoff; Mitchell P. Smith. Legitimacy and the European Union. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 126. ISBN 978-0-415-18188-4. Diakses tanggal 26 Agustus 2012.
^ J. Denis Derbyshire; Ian Derbyshire (1989). Political Systems Of The World. Allied Publishers. hlm. 117. ISBN 978-81-7023-307-7.
^ James L. Newell; James Newell (2010). The Politics of Italy: Governance in a Normal Country. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 27. ISBN 978-0-521-84070-5. Diakses tanggal 24 Juli 2013.
^ John A. Agnew (2002). Place and Politics in Modern Italy. University of Chicago Press. hlm. 144. ISBN 978-0-226-01051-9.

Sumber[sunting | sunting sumber]

Massimo L. Salvadori, Enciclopedia storica, Zanichelli, Bologna 2000
Igino Giordani, De Gasperi, il ricostruttore, Cinque Lune, Rome 1955
Giulio Andreotti, De Gasperi e il suo tempo, Mondadori, Milan 1956
Gianni Baget Bozzo, Il partito cristiano al potere: la DC di De Gasperi e di Dossetti 1945–1954, Vallecchi, Florence 1974
Gianni Baget Bozzo, Il partito cristiano e l'apertura a sinistra: la DC di Fanfani e di Moro 1954–1962, Vallecchi, Florence 1977
Pietro Scoppola, La proposta politica di De Gasperi, Il Mulino, Bologna 1977
Nico Perrone, Il segno della DC, Dedalo, Bari 2002 ISBN 88-220-6253-1
Luciano Radi, La DC da De Gasperi a Fanfani, Rubbettino, Soveria Mannelli 2005

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Archive of DC posters – part 1 Diarsipkan 2006-05-07 di Wayback Machine.
Archive of DC posters – part 2 Diarsipkan 2006-03-02 di Wayback Machine.]]

[1] Movimento femminile della Democrazia cristiana Diarsipkan 2014-08-12 di Wayback Machine., istituto Don Luigi Sturzo, 9 Juni 2014

[2] "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-10. Diakses tanggal 2016-06-15.

[3] Maurizio Cotta e Luca Verzichelli, Political Institutions of Italy, Oxford University Press.

[Donovan1998-4] Mark Donovan (1998). "Democrazia Cristiana: party of government". Dalam David Hanley. Christian Democracy in Europe. Continuum International Publishing Group. hlm. 72. ISBN 978-1-85567-382-3. Diakses tanggal 17 Agustus 2012.

[5] Continuità e cambiamento dalla DC a Berlusconi Diarsipkan 2013-09-27 di Wayback Machine., AffarInternazionali, 16 Februari 2009

[6] Democrazia Cristiana, Enciclopedia Treccani

[Il_Pentapartito-7] Il Pentapartito - Storia della Repubblica Italiana

[CottaVerzichelli-8] Maurizio Cotta; Luca Verzichelli (12 May 2007). Political Institutions of Italy. Oxford University Press. hlm. 38. ISBN 978-0-19-928470-2. Diakses tanggal 24 August 2012.

[MarksWilson-9] Gary Marks; Carole Wilson (1999). "National Parties and the Contestation of Europe". Dalam T. Banchoff; Mitchell P. Smith. Legitimacy and the European Union. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 126. ISBN 978-0-415-18188-4. Diakses tanggal 26 Agustus 2012.

[Derbyshire1989-10] J. Denis Derbyshire; Ian Derbyshire (1989). Political Systems Of The World. Allied Publishers. hlm. 117. ISBN 978-81-7023-307-7.

[NewellNewell2010-11] James L. Newell; James Newell (2010). The Politics of Italy: Governance in a Normal Country. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 27. ISBN 978-0-521-84070-5. Diakses tanggal 24 Juli 2013.

[Agnew2002-12] John A. Agnew (2002). Place and Politics in Modern Italy. University of Chicago Press. hlm. 144. ISBN 978-0-226-01051-9.

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