Holomycota

Holomycota
	Nuclearia
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Eukaryota
Klad:	Amorphea
Klad:	Obazoa
(tanpa takson):	Opisthokonta
Klad:	Holomycota; Liu et al., 2009
Kelompok
	Cristidiscoidea; Kingdom Fungi Aphelida; Fungi sejati; Rozellida; ;
Sinonim
	Nucletmycea Brown et al. 2009; Holofungi; Fungida;

Holomycota atau Nucletmycea adalah sebuah klad Opisthokonta dan takson saudari dari Holozoa. Klad ini mencakup Cristidiscoidea dan kingdom Fungi. Posisi dari nucleariida, sejenis hewan amuba fagotrof unisel perenang bebas,^[2] sebagai garis keturunan yang paling awal bercabang dari Holomycota menyarankan bahwa hewan dan fungi secara independen mengembangkan multiselularitas kompleks dari sebuah leluhur bersama unisel, dan gaya hidup osmotrofik (salah satu ciri fungi) muncul belakangan pada saat berpisahnya garis keturunan eukaryota ini. Opisthosporidia adalah sebuah kelompok taksonomis yang belakangan ini diusulkan yang mencakup aphelida,^[3], Microsporidia dan Cryptomycota (ketiganya adalah endoparasit).^[4]

Filogeni

Pohon filogenetik menggambarkan fungi dan hubungan dekat mereka dengan organisme lain, berdasarkan karya Philippe Silar^[5] dan "The Mycota: A Comprehensive Treatise on Fungi as Experimental Systems for Basic and Applied Research".^[6]^[7] Pohon holomycota mengikuti Tedersoo et al.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Opisthokonts

Holomycota

Cristidiscoidea

	Fonticulida

	Nucleariida

Fungi/

BCG2

Phytophagea

	True Fungi

	Aphelida

	Metchnikovellea

	Microsporea

Cryptomycota/Opisthophagea

	Corallochytrium

	Syssomonas

Filozoa

Filasterea

Choanozoa

	Choanoflagellatea

	Animalia

Referensi

^ Brown MW, Spiegel FW, Silberman JD (December 2009). "Phylogeny of the "forgotten" cellular slime mold, Fonticula alba, reveals a key evolutionary branch within Opisthokonta". Mol. Biol. Evol. 26 (12): 2699–709. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp185 . PMID 19692665.
^ López‐Escardó, David; López‐García, Purificación; Moreira, David; Ruiz‐Trillo, Iñaki; Torruella, Guifré (2017-08-12). "Parvularia atlantis gen. et sp. nov., a Nucleariid Filose Amoeba (Holomycota, Opisthokonta)". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 65 (2): 170–179. doi:10.1111/jeu.12450. ISSN 1550-7408. PMC 5708529 . PMID 28741861.
^ Karpov, Sergey; Mamkaeva, Maria A.; Aleoshin, Vladimir; Nassonova, Elena; Lilje, Osu; Gleason, Frank H. (2014). "Morphology, phylogeny, and ecology of the aphelids (Aphelidea, Opisthokonta) and proposal for the new superphylum Opisthosporidia". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 112. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00112 . PMC 3975115 . PMID 24734027.
^ Berbee, Mary L.; James, Timothy Y.; Strullu-Derrien, Christine (2017-09-08). "Early Diverging Fungi: Diversity and Impact at the Dawn of Terrestrial Life". Annual Review of Microbiology. 71 (1): 41–60. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-030117-020324. PMID 28525299.
^ Silar P (2016). Protistes Eukaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes. HAL. hlm. 462. ISBN 978-2-9555841-0-1.
^ Esser K (2014). The Mycota VII A: Systematics and Evolution (2nd ed.). Springer. hlm. 461. ISBN 978-3-642-55317-2.
^ Bass, David; Czech, Lucas; Williams, Bryony A. P.; Berney, Cédric; Dunthorn, Micah; Mahé, Frederic; Torruella, Guifré; Stentiford, Grant D.; Williams, Tom A. (2018-04-28). "Clarifying the Relationships between Microsporidia and Cryptomycota". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology (dalam bahasa Inggris). 65 (6): 773–782. doi:10.1111/jeu.12519. ISSN 1066-5234. PMC 6282948 . PMID 29603494.
^ Tedersoo, Leho; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Kõljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy (2018). "High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses". Fungal Diversity (dalam bahasa Inggris). 90 (1): 135–159. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0 . hdl:10138/238983 . ISSN 1560-2745.
^ Lopez-Garcia, Purificacion; Volcker, Eckhard; Sebe-Pedros, Arnau; Burns, John; Karpov, Sergey A.; Moreira, David; Grau-Bove, Xavier; Torruella, Guifre (2018-08-17). "The aphelid-like phagotrophic origins of fungi". bioRxiv (dalam bahasa Inggris): 233882. doi:10.1101/233882 .
^ Galindo, Luis Javier; Torruella, Guifré; López-García, Purificación; Ciobanu, Maria; Gutiérrez-Preciado, Ana; Karpov, Sergey A; Moreira, David (2022-07-28). "Phylogenomics Supports the Monophyly of Aphelids and Fungi and Identifies New Molecular Synapomorphies". Systematic Biology.

[pmid19692665-1] Brown MW, Spiegel FW, Silberman JD (December 2009). "Phylogeny of the "forgotten" cellular slime mold, Fonticula alba, reveals a key evolutionary branch within Opisthokonta". Mol. Biol. Evol. 26 (12): 2699–709. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp185 . PMID 19692665.

[2] López‐Escardó, David; López‐García, Purificación; Moreira, David; Ruiz‐Trillo, Iñaki; Torruella, Guifré (2017-08-12). "Parvularia atlantis gen. et sp. nov., a Nucleariid Filose Amoeba (Holomycota, Opisthokonta)". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 65 (2): 170–179. doi:10.1111/jeu.12450. ISSN 1550-7408. PMC 5708529 . PMID 28741861.

[3] Karpov, Sergey; Mamkaeva, Maria A.; Aleoshin, Vladimir; Nassonova, Elena; Lilje, Osu; Gleason, Frank H. (2014). "Morphology, phylogeny, and ecology of the aphelids (Aphelidea, Opisthokonta) and proposal for the new superphylum Opisthosporidia". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 112. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00112 . PMC 3975115 . PMID 24734027.

[:1-4] Berbee, Mary L.; James, Timothy Y.; Strullu-Derrien, Christine (2017-09-08). "Early Diverging Fungi: Diversity and Impact at the Dawn of Terrestrial Life". Annual Review of Microbiology. 71 (1): 41–60. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-030117-020324. PMID 28525299.

[Silar2016-5] Silar P (2016). Protistes Eukaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes. HAL. hlm. 462. ISBN 978-2-9555841-0-1.

[MycotaVIIS&E-6] Esser K (2014). The Mycota VII A: Systematics and Evolution (2nd ed.). Springer. hlm. 461. ISBN 978-3-642-55317-2.

[7] Bass, David; Czech, Lucas; Williams, Bryony A. P.; Berney, Cédric; Dunthorn, Micah; Mahé, Frederic; Torruella, Guifré; Stentiford, Grant D.; Williams, Tom A. (2018-04-28). "Clarifying the Relationships between Microsporidia and Cryptomycota". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology (dalam bahasa Inggris). 65 (6): 773–782. doi:10.1111/jeu.12519. ISSN 1066-5234. PMC 6282948 . PMID 29603494.

[8] Tedersoo, Leho; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Kõljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy (2018). "High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses". Fungal Diversity (dalam bahasa Inggris). 90 (1): 135–159. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0 . hdl:10138/238983 . ISSN 1560-2745.

[9] Lopez-Garcia, Purificacion; Volcker, Eckhard; Sebe-Pedros, Arnau; Burns, John; Karpov, Sergey A.; Moreira, David; Grau-Bove, Xavier; Torruella, Guifre (2018-08-17). "The aphelid-like phagotrophic origins of fungi". bioRxiv (dalam bahasa Inggris): 233882. doi:10.1101/233882 .

[10] Galindo, Luis Javier; Torruella, Guifré; López-García, Purificación; Ciobanu, Maria; Gutiérrez-Preciado, Ana; Karpov, Sergey A; Moreira, David (2022-07-28). "Phylogenomics Supports the Monophyly of Aphelids and Fungi and Identifies New Molecular Synapomorphies". Systematic Biology.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]