Jembatan Brooklyn

Jembatan Brooklyn
Jembatan Brooklyn
Koordinat	40°42′20″N 73°59′47″W / 40.70569°N 73.99639°WKoordinat: 40°42′20″N 73°59′47″W / 40.70569°N 73.99639°W
Moda transportasi	Kendaraan bermotor (mobil saja); Kereta api terangkati (hingga 1944); Mobil jalanan (hingga 1950); Pejalan kaki dan sepeda
Melintasi	East River
Lokal	New York City (Manhattan–Brooklyn)
Pengelola	New York City Department of Transportation
Karakteristik
Desain	Campuran suspensi/kabel topang
Panjang total	5.989 kaki (1825 m)
Lebar	85 kaki (26 m)
Bentang terpanjang	1.595 kaki 6 inci (486.3 m)
Jarak dari permukaan air	135 kaki (41 m) di pertengahan
Sejarah
Perancang	John Augustus Roebling
Dibuka	24 Mei 1883
Statistik
Daily traffic	123.781 (2008)
Tol	Gratis di kedua arah
	Lua error in Modul:Location_map at line 403: Hemisfer hanya dapat diberikan dengan derajat DMS untuk longitude.
	Jembatan Brooklyn
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark
	Markah Tanah NYC
Dibangun:	1883
Gaya arsitektur:	Gothik
NRHP Reference#:	66000523
Significant dates
Ditambahkan ke NRHP:	1966
Ditetapkan NHL:	29 Januari 1964
Lokasi

Jembatan Brooklyn adalah salah satu jembatan suspensi tertua di Amerika Serikat. Selesai dibangun tahun 1883, jembatan ini menghubungkan borough Manhattan dan Brooklyn di New York City melintasi Sungai East. Dengan rentangan utama sepanjang Templat:Ft to m/ID, jembatan ini adalah jembatan suspensi terpanjang di dunia sejak pembukaannya hingga 1903, serta jembatan suspensi kabel baja pertama.

Awalnya diberi nama Jembatan New York dan Brooklyn, jembatan ini diberi sebutan Jembatan Brooklyn dalam surat untuk editor Brooklyn Daily Eagle tanggal 25 Januari 1867,^[5] dan dinamai begitu oleh pemerintah kota pada 1915. Sejak pembukaannya, jembatan ini telah menjadi bagian utama dari kaki langit New York. Jembatan Brooklyn ditetapkan sebagai National Historic Landmark pada tahun 1964^[4]^[6]^[7] dan National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark pada tahun 1972.^[8]

Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ "NYCDOT Bridges Information". New York City Department of Transportation. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-23.
^ "New York City Bridge Traffic Volumes 2008" (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation. 2010. hlm. 63. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-10.
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-04-11. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05.
^ ^a ^b "Brooklyn Bridge". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2002-11-28. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "nhlsum" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
^ E.P.D. (January 25, 1867). "Bridging the East River – Another Project". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 2007-11-26.
^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination" (PDF). National Park Service. 1975-02-24. Diarsipkan dari "The Brooklyn Bridge", February 24, 1975, by James B. Armstrong and S. Sydney Bradford%5d versi asli Periksa nilai |url= (bantuan) tanggal 2007-11-27. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05.
^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination" (PDF). National Park Service. 1975-02-24. Diarsipkan dari The Brooklyn Bridge—Accompanying three photos, from 1975.%5d versi asli Periksa nilai |url= (bantuan) tanggal 2007-11-27. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05.
^ "Brooklyn Bridge". ASCE Metropolitan Section. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-06-01. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-30.

Bahan pustaka[sunting | sunting sumber]

Cadbury, Deborah. (2004), Dreams of Iron and Steel. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-716307-X
Haw, Richard. (2005). The Brooklyn Bridge: A Cultural History. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3587-5
Haw, Richard. (2008). Art of the Brooklyn Bridge: A Visual History. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-95386-3
McCullough, David. (1972). The Great Bridge. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-21213-3
Odlum, Catherine {1885}. The Life and Times of Prof Robert Emmet Odlum. Washington DC. gray & Clarkson
Strogatz, Steven. (2003). Sync: The Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order. New York: Hyperion books. 10-ISBN 0-7868-6844-9; 13-ISBN 978-0-7868-6844-5 (cloth) [2nd ed., Hyperion, 2004. 10-ISBN 0-7868-8721-4; 13-ISBN 978-0-7868-8721-7 (paper)]
Strogartz, Steven, Daniel M. Abrams, Allan McRobie, Bruno Eckhardt, and Edward Ott. et al. (2005). "Theoretical mechanics: Crowd synchrony on the Millennium Bridge," Nature, Vol. 438, pp, 43–44.link to Nature article Millennium Bridge opening day video illustrating "crowd synchrony" oscillations Diarsipkan 2009-06-19 di Wayback Machine.
Trachtenberg, Alan. (1965). Brooklyn Bridge: Fact and Symbol. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-81115-8 [2nd ed., 1979, ISBN 0-226-81115-8 (paper)]

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

360° Interactive panorama from the top of the Brooklyn Bridge
The Brooklyn Bridge: A Study in Greatness
NYCroads.com – Brooklyn Bridge
Transportation Alternatives Fiboro Bridges – Brooklyn Bridge Diarsipkan 2007-06-25 di Wayback Machine.
The story of Brooklyn Bridge – by CBS Forum
Panorama of Brooklyn Bridge 1899 – Extreme Photo Constructions
Structurae: Brooklyn Bridge
Great Buildings entry for the Brooklyn Bridge
American Society of Civil Engineers Diarsipkan 2009-06-18 di Wayback Machine.
Railroad Extra – Brooklyn Bridge and its Railway
Images of the Brooklyn Bridge from the Brooklyn Museum Diarsipkan 2007-06-12 di Wayback Machine.
Brooklyn Bridge Photo Gallery Diarsipkan 2011-06-15 di Wayback Machine. with a Flash VR 360 of the Brooklyn Bridge Pedestrian Walkway Diarsipkan 2011-06-15 di Wayback Machine.
Opening Ceremonies of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge, May 24, 1883 di Proyek Gutenberg
Brooklyn Bridge at Historical Marker Database

[nycdot_info-1] "NYCDOT Bridges Information". New York City Department of Transportation. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-23.

[2] "New York City Bridge Traffic Volumes 2008" (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation. 2010. hlm. 63. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-10.

[nris-3] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-04-11. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05.

[nhlsum-4] "Brooklyn Bridge". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2002-11-28. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "nhlsum" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda

[5] E.P.D. (January 25, 1867). "Bridging the East River – Another Project". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 2007-11-26.

[nrhpinv-6] "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination" (PDF). National Park Service. 1975-02-24. Diarsipkan dari "The Brooklyn Bridge", February 24, 1975, by James B. Armstrong and S. Sydney Bradford%5d versi asli Periksa nilai |url= (bantuan) tanggal 2007-11-27. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05.

[nrhpphotos-7] "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination" (PDF). National Park Service. 1975-02-24. Diarsipkan dari The Brooklyn Bridge—Accompanying three photos, from 1975.%5d versi asli Periksa nilai |url= (bantuan) tanggal 2007-11-27. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05.

[8] "Brooklyn Bridge". ASCE Metropolitan Section. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-06-01. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-30.

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l b s Jembatan dan terowongan di New York City
Jembatan	Alexander Hamilton Bridge • Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge • Bayonne Bridge • Broadway Bridge • Brooklyn Bridge • Bronx–Whitestone Bridge • City Island Bridge • Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge • George Washington Bridge • Goethals Bridge • Greenpoint Avenue Bridge • Hell Gate Bridge • Henry Hudson Bridge • High Bridge • Joseph P. Addabbo Memorial Bridge • Kosciuszko Bridge • Macombs Dam Bridge • Madison Avenue Bridge • Manhattan Bridge • Marine Parkway-Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge • 145th Street Bridge • Outerbridge Crossing • Park Avenue Bridge • Pelham Bridge • Pulaski Bridge • Queensboro Bridge • Rikers Island Bridge • Robert F. Kennedy Bridge • Roosevelt Island Bridge • Spuyten Duyvil Bridge • Third Avenue Bridge • Throgs Neck Bridge • University Heights Bridge • Verrazano-Narrows Bridge • Washington Bridge • Williamsburg Bridge • Willis Avenue Bridge
Terowongan	Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel • East River Tunnels • Holland Tunnel • Lincoln Tunnel • North River Tunnels • Queens–Midtown Tunnel
Operator	MTA Bridges and Tunnels • Port Authority of New York and New Jersey • New York City Department of Transportation • New York State Department of Transportation • Amtrak

l b s Tempat wisata di New York City
>10 juta pengunjung/tahun	Times Square (50 jt) Central Park (40 jt) Grand Central Terminal (21,6 jt) Broadway (13,2 jt) South Street Seaport (12 jt) Rockefeller Center
1–10 juta pengunjung/tahun	High Line (7,6 jt) Metropolitan Museum of Art (6,3 jt) American Museum of Natural History (5,0 jt) National September 11 Memorial & Museum (5,0 jt) Empire State Building (3,5 jt) Museum of Modern Art (2,8 jt) Statue of Liberty (2,4 jt) One World Trade Center (2,3 jt) Bronx Zoo (1,8 jt) Ellis Island (1,7 jt)
Catatan: Jumlah pengunjung hanya sebatas perkiraan. Lihat pula: Pariwisata di New York City