Kouloughli
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
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Bahasa | |
Agama | |
Islam Sunni |
Kouloughli, juga dieja Koulougli,[1] Cologhli dan Qulaughli (dari bahasa Turki kuloğlu, berarti "anak-anak pelayan" atau "anak-anak budak", dari kul "pelayan/budak" + oğlu "anak lelaki dari") adalah istilah yang digunakan pada masa Kesultanan Utsmaniyah untuk orang-orang yang merupakan keturunan campuran laki-laki Turki dengan perempuan Berber atau Arab lokal di wilayah Pesisir Barbaria yang terletak di pesisir barat dan tengah Afrika Utara.[2][3][4] Istilah ini muncul karena Kesultanan Utsmaniyah menaklukkan banyak wilayah di dunia Arab dan mengirim orang-orang Turki ke wilayah yang telah ditaklukan. Walaupun istilah ini digunakan di Aljazair Utsmaniyah, Libya Utsmaniyah, dan Tunisia Utsmaniyah, istilah ini tidak digunakan di Mesir Utsmaniyah untuk orang-orang Turki di Mesir. Tidak seperti kelompok Prancis Aljazair (pieds-noirs) dan Yahudi Afrika Utara, keturunan Kouloughli telah terintegrasi dengan masyarakat lokal setelah kemerdekaan.
Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Britannica (2012), Koulougli, Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
- ^ Daumas 1943, 54.
- ^ Ruedy 2005, 39.
- ^ Lorcin 1999, 2.
Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Abu-Haidar, Farida (1996), "Turkish as a Marker of Ethnic Identity and Religious Affiliation", Language and Identity in the Middle East and North Africa, Routledge, ISBN 1136787771.
- Benkato, Adam (2014), "The Arabic Dialect of Benghazi, Libya: Historical and Comparative Notes", Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik, Harrassowitz Verlag, 59: 57–102
- Benrabah, Mohamed (2007), "The Language Planning Situation in Algeria", Language Planning and Policy in Africa, Vol 2, Multilingual Matters, ISBN 1847690114.
- Box, Laura Chakravarty (2005), Strategies of Resistance in the Dramatic Texts of North African Women: A Body of Words, Routledge, ISBN 1135932077.
- Boyer, Pierre (1970), "Le problème Kouloughli dans la régence d'Alger", Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 8: 77–94
- Daumas, Eugène (1943), Women of North Africa: or "The Arab Woman", Indiana University Press, ASIN B0007ETDSY.
- Hizmetli, Sabri (1953), "Osmanlı Yönetimi Döneminde Tunus ve Cezayir'in Eğitim ve Kültür Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış" (PDF), Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32 (0): 1–12
- İhsanoğlu, Ekmeleddin (2003), "Cross fertilization between Arabic and other languages of Islam", Culture and Learning in Islam, UNESCO, ISBN 9231039091.
- Jacobs, Daniel; Morris, Peter (2002), The Rough Guide to Tunisia, Rough Guides, ISBN 1858287480.
- Khalidi, Rashid (1991), The Origins of Arab Nationalism, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0231074352.
- Kia, Mehrdad (2011), Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 0313064024.
- Lorcin, Patricia M. E. (1999), Imperial Identities: Stereotyping, Prejudice and Race in Colonial Algeria, Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253217822.
- Oxford Business Group (2008), The Report: Algeria 2008, Oxford Business Group, ISBN 1-902339-09-6.
- Pan, Chia-Lin (1949), "The Population of Libya", Population Studies, 3 (1): 100–125, doi:10.1080/00324728.1949.10416359
- Prochazka, Stephen (2004), "The Turkish Contribution to the Arabic Lexicon", Linguistic Convergence and Areal Diffusion: Case Studies from Iranian, Semitic and Turkic, Routledge, ISBN 1134396309.
- Ruedy, John Douglas (2005), Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation, Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253217822.