Aljazair Utsmaniyah

Eyalet-i Cezayir-i Garb
ایالت جزاير غرب^[1]^[2]
Eyalet-i Cezayir-i Garb; ایالت جزاير غرب
Eyalet di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
1517–1830
	Bendera Coat of arms
	; Eyalet Aljir pada tahun 1609
Ibu kota	Algiers
Populasi
• 1808	3.000.000
Sejarah
Pemerintahan
• Jenis	Beylerbeylik (1518-1590) dan Eyalet (1590-1830) Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
Dey
• 1517-1518	Oruç Reis
• 1818-1830	Hussein Dey
Sejarah
• Didirikan	1517
• Invasi Aljir 1830	1830
Didahului oleh	Digantikan oleh
	Hafsid Empire
	krjKerajaan Tlemcen
Aljazair Prancis
Keamiran Mascara
Sekarang bagian dari	Aljazair

Aljazair Utsmaniyah atau Eyalet Aljir adalah wilayah Kesultanan Utsmaniyah yang berpusat di kota Aljir dan meliputi seluruh wilayah pesisir Aljazair modern. Wilayah ini didirikan setelah Hayreddin Barbarossa berhasil merebut kota Aljir dari Spanyol.^[5]^[6] Eyalet ini merupakan pusat kekuatan Utsmaniyah di Maghreb.^[5] Eyalet Aljir juga menjadi tempat dilancarkannya serangan terhadap kapal-kapal Eropa.^[5] Eyalet ini menyaingi dan pada akhirnya menggantikan Dinasti Ziyanyun, Dinasti Hafsiyun, dan jajahan-jajahan Spanyol di Afrika Utara, dan juga menjadi pusat pembajakan laut dan perdagangan budak di Laut Tengah. Wilayah ini pada akhirnya ditaklukan oleh Prancis pada tahun 1830.

Status politik[sunting | sunting sumber]

Setelah ditaklukan oleh Turki, Aljir menjadi provinsi Kesultanan Utsmaniyah. Wilayah ini diperintah oleh wali Sultan Utsmaniyah yang bergelar Beylerbey (1518–70), Pacha (1570–1659), Agha (1659–71), dan kemudian Dey (1671–1830). Beylerbey, Pacha, dan Aghas diangkat oleh Sultan Utsmaniyah hingga tahun 1671. Setelah dilancarkannya kudeta pada tahun tersebut, wilayah ini memperoleh otonomi yang besar dan dipimpin oleh seorang dey yang dipilih oleh milisi atau kapten Utsmaniyah.^[7]^[8] Semenjak tahun 1718, dey dipilih oleh Divan, sebuah majelis yang mewakili kepentingan kapten dan yanisari.

Demografi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pada tahun 1808, terdapat sekitar 3 juta orang di Eyalet Aljir, dengan 10.000 di antaranya adalah orang Turki (termasuk orang Kurdi, Yunani, dan Albania)^[9]). Terdapat pula 5.000 orang Kouloughli (dari bahasa Turki kul oğlu, "anak budak-budak (Yanisari)", contohnya hasil kawin campur laki-laki Turki dan perempuan lokal).^[10] Pada tahun 1830, terdapat lebih dari 17.000 orang Yahudi di eyalet ini.^[11]

Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Salih Özbaran (1994). The Ottoman response to European expansion: studies on Ottoman-Portuguese relations in the Indian Ocean and Ottoman administration in the Arab lands during the sixteenth century. Isis Press. hlm. 35. ISBN 978-975-428-066-1. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-25.
^ Andrew C. Hess (2010-12-01). The Forgotten Frontier: A History of Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. University of Chicago Press. hlm. 253. ISBN 978-0-226-33031-0. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-25.
^ William Spencer (1995). Islamic Fundamentalism in the Modern World. Twenty-First Century Books. hlm. 73. ISBN 978-1-56294-435-3. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-25.
^ Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009-01-01). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. hlm. 33. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-25.
^ ^a ^b ^c Abun-Nasr, Jamil (20 August 1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 151ff. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2010.
^ Naylorp, by Phillip Chiviges (2009). North Africa: a history from antiquity to the present. University of Texas Press. hlm. 117. ISBN 978-0-292-71922-4. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2010.
^ Saliha Belmessous, Assimilation and Empire: Uniformity in French and British Colonies, 1541-1954, Oxford University Press, 2013 (ISBN 978-0-19-957916-7), p.119:
When the French turned their eyes to the kingdom of Algiers in 1830, the region had been under Ottoman rule since 1516. The Regency of Algiers was a province of the Ottoman empire under the authority of the dey of Algiers, who had acquired a large degree of autonomy from the sultan and who was chosen by Janissaries, the Ottoman militia of Algiers.
^ Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period, Cambridge University Press, 1987 (ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0), p.160:
[In 1671] Ottoman Algeria became a military republic, ruled in the name of the Ottoman sultan by officers chosen by and in the interest of the Ujaq.
^ Isichei, Elizabeth Isichei (1997). A history of African societies to 1870. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 263. ISBN 0-521-45444-1. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2010.
^ Isichei, Elizabeth Isichei (1997). A history of African societies to 1870. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 273. ISBN 0-521-45444-1. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2010.
^ Yardeni, Myriam (1983). Les juifs dans l'histoire de France: premier colloque internationale de Haïfa. BRILL. hlm. 167. ISBN 9789004060272. Diakses tanggal 28 January 2014.

[1] Salih Özbaran (1994). The Ottoman response to European expansion: studies on Ottoman-Portuguese relations in the Indian Ocean and Ottoman administration in the Arab lands during the sixteenth century. Isis Press. hlm. 35. ISBN 978-975-428-066-1. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-25.

[Hess-2] Andrew C. Hess (2010-12-01). The Forgotten Frontier: A History of Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. University of Chicago Press. hlm. 253. ISBN 978-0-226-33031-0. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-25.

[3] William Spencer (1995). Islamic Fundamentalism in the Modern World. Twenty-First Century Books. hlm. 73. ISBN 978-1-56294-435-3. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-25.

[4] Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009-01-01). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. hlm. 33. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-25.

[Abun-Nasr_151-5] Abun-Nasr, Jamil (20 August 1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 151ff. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2010.

[Naylorp_117-6] Naylorp, by Phillip Chiviges (2009). North Africa: a history from antiquity to the present. University of Texas Press. hlm. 117. ISBN 978-0-292-71922-4. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2010.

[7] Saliha Belmessous, Assimilation and Empire: Uniformity in French and British Colonies, 1541-1954, Oxford University Press, 2013 (ISBN 978-0-19-957916-7), p.119:
When the French turned their eyes to the kingdom of Algiers in 1830, the region had been under Ottoman rule since 1516. The Regency of Algiers was a province of the Ottoman empire under the authority of the dey of Algiers, who had acquired a large degree of autonomy from the sultan and who was chosen by Janissaries, the Ottoman militia of Algiers.

[8] Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period, Cambridge University Press, 1987 (ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0), p.160:
[In 1671] Ottoman Algeria became a military republic, ruled in the name of the Ottoman sultan by officers chosen by and in the interest of the Ujaq.

[9] Isichei, Elizabeth Isichei (1997). A history of African societies to 1870. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 263. ISBN 0-521-45444-1. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2010.

[10] Isichei, Elizabeth Isichei (1997). A history of African societies to 1870. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 273. ISBN 0-521-45444-1. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2010.

[11] Yardeni, Myriam (1983). Les juifs dans l'histoire de France: premier colloque internationale de Haïfa. BRILL. hlm. 167. ISBN 9789004060272. Diakses tanggal 28 January 2014.

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