Pax Americana
| Sejarah ekspansi dan pengaruh Amerika Serikat |
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Pax Americana[4][5][6] (dari bahasa Latin untuk "Perdamaian Amerika", meniru Pax Romana dan Pax Britannica), juga sering disebut sebagai "Perdamaian Panjang") istilah yang diterapkan pada konsep perdamaian relatif di Belahan Bumi barat dan kemudian di hampir seluruh penjuru dunia yang dimulai setelah akhir Perang Dunia II, pada tahun 1945, ketika Amerika Serikat[7] menjadi negara adidaya ekonomi dan militer yang paling dominan di dunia. Dalam pengertian modern ini, istilah ini telah menunjukkan posisi militer dan ekonomi Amerika Serikat dalam kaitannya dengan negara lain. Misalnya, Rencana Marshall, yang menghabiskan sebesar US$13 miliar untuk membangun kembali ekonomi Eropa Barat, telah dipandang sebagai "peluncuran Pax Americana".[8]
Istilah Latin ini dimodelkan dari Pax Romana dari hegemoni Kekaisaran Romawi. Pax Americana, periode waktu di mana Amerika Serikat telah menjadi negara paling berpengaruh dan kuat di dunia, dan telah memimpin sistem global sehingga dunia menjadi relatif lebih damai daripada waktu-waktu lain dalam sejarahnya, telah berlangsung sejak akhir Perang Dunia II pada tahun 1945 hingga saat ini.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Base Structure Report : FY 2013 Baseline" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-02-21. Diakses tanggal 2020-11-13.
- ^ "Protesters Accuse US of 'Imperialism' as Obama Rekindles Military Deal With Philippines". VICE News.
- ^ "Anti-US Base Candidate Wins Okinawa Governor Race". PopularResistance.Org.
- ^ Nye, Joseph S. (1990). "The Changing Nature of World Power". Political Science Quarterly. 105 (2): 177–192. doi:10.2307/2151022. JSTOR 2151022.
- ^ Kirchwey, George W. (1917). "Pax Americana". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 72: 40–48. doi:10.1177/000271621707200109.
- ^ Abbott, Lyman, Hamilton Wright Mabie, Ernest Hamlin Abbott, and Francis Rufus Bellamy. The Outlook. New York: Outlook Co, 1898. "Expansion not Imperialism" p. 465. (cf. [...] Felix Adler [states ...] "if, instead of establishing the Pax Americana so far as our influence avails throughout this continent, we should enter into' the field of Old World strife, and seek the sort of glory that is written in human blood." Here it is assumed that we have failed in establishing self-government, and propose to substitute, at least in other lands, an Old World form of government. This sort of argument has no effect on the expansionist, because he believes that we have magnificently succeeded in our problem, in spite of failures, neglects, and violations of our own principles, and because what he wishes to do is, not to abandon the experiment, but, inspired by the successes of the past, extend the Pax Americana over lands not included in this continent.")
- ^ "Definition of PAX AMERICANA". www.merriam-webster.com.
- ^ Charles L. Mee, The Marshall Plan: The launching of the pax americana (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984)
Pranala luar
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- The end of the Pax Americana? by Michael Lind
- Why America Thinks it Has to Run the World by Benjamin Schwarz
- It’s Over, Over There: The Coming Crack-up in Transatlantic Relations by Christopher Layne
- War in the Contest for a New World Order by Peter Gowan
- So it must be for ever by Thomas Meaney
- Instrumental Internationalism: The American Origins of the United Nations, 1940–3 by Stephen Wertheim
- What are we there for? by Tom Stevenson
- Peter Gowan interview on U.S. foreign policy since 1945, Interview with Against the Grain
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