Pengguna:SafaDhirgham2004/Bak pasir/Uji Coba Halaman
Halaman yang sudah terbit:
[sunting | sunting sumber]Halaman baru:
[sunting | sunting sumber]No. | Nama | Keterangan | Kategori | Gambar |
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1. | Gerhana bulan Juli 2000 | Gerhana bulan | Gerhana bulan | ![]() |
2. | Gerhana bulan Januari 2019 | ![]() | ||
3. | Gerhana bulan September 1932 | ![]() | ||
4. | Heracleum mantegazzianum | spesies tanaman | tanaman | ![]() |
5. | T54 (tank Amerika Serikat) | prototipe tank Amerika Serikat | Tank Amerika Serikat | ![]() |
6. | T-28 | tank medium Uni Soviet | Tank Uni Soviet | ![]() |
7. | T-44 | ![]() | ||
8. | M22 Locust | Tank ringan lintas udara Amerika Serikat | Tank Amerika Serikat | ![]() |
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Revisi halaman
[sunting | sunting sumber]Rencana Halaman:
[sunting | sunting sumber]Halaman baru
[sunting | sunting sumber]No. | Nama | Keterangan | Kategori | Pranala | Gambar |
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1. | Tank Berat T29 | prototipe tank Amerika Serikat | Tank Amerika Serikat | https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/T29_heavy_tank | ![]() |
2. | Tank T69 | Tidak tahu, di Wikidata saja tidak ada butirnya, mungkin saja hanya tersedia di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. | ![]() | ||
3. | Tank Super Berat T28 | https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/T28_super-heavy_tank | ![]() | ||
4. | T-84 | tank tempur utama Ukraina | Tank Ukraina | https://ms.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/T-84 | ![]() |
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Catatan:
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Pranala halaman untuk asal dari calon halaman, kemudian akan diterbitkan di Wikipedia ini.
Revisi halaman
[sunting | sunting sumber]No. | Nama | Keterangan | Kategori | Alasan? | Pranala | Gambar |
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1. | Bahan berbahaya dan beracun | benda padat, cair atau gas yang dapat membahayakan lingkungan sekitar | kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja | Hanya menampilkan wawasan dari Indonesia | https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Dangerous_goods | tidak perlu gambar |
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Uji Coba Halaman T-84
[sunting | sunting sumber]T-84 | |
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![]() Prototipe T-84 — versi terbaru memiliki perisai reaktif yang dipasang di sasis yang canggih. | |
Jenis | Tank tempur utama |
Negara asal | ![]() |
Sejarah pemakaian | |
Masa penggunaan | 2001–sekarang |
Digunakan oleh | Ukraina |
Sejarah produksi | |
Perancang | KMDB |
Tahun | 1993–94 |
Produsen | Pabrik Malyshev |
Diproduksi | 1994–sekarang |
Spesifikasi (T-80[1]) | |
Berat | 46 ton |
Panjang | 7.086 m (23.248 ft 0 in) |
Lebar | 3.775 m (12.385 ft 2 in) |
Tinggi | 2.215 m (7.267 ft 1 in) |
Awak | 3 |
Elevasi | +13°, -6° |
Perisai | baja, komposit, ERA |
Senjata utama |
Meriam smoothbore 125 mm KBA-3 (43 peluru) |
Senjata pelengkap |
Senapan mesin 7.62 mm KT-7.62 Senapan mesin anti pesawat 12.7 mm KT-12.7 |
Jenis Mesin | mesin diesel KMDB 6TD-2 6-silinder 1.200 hp (890 kW) |
Daya kuda/ton | 26 hp/tan |
Suspensi | hidrolik |
Kelonggaran tanah | 0.515 m (1.690 ft) |
Kapasitas tangki | 1.300 l (290 imp gal; 340 US gal) |
Daya jelajah | 540 km (340 mi) |
Kecepatan | 65 km/h (40 mph) |
T-84 adalah tank tempur utama Ukraina dan versi dari tank Soviet T-80. Direncanakan pada 1994 dan mulai memasuki masa dinas di Angkatan Bersenjata Ukraina pada 1999. Kekuatan T-84 adalah mesin diesel yang dipasang pada suatu versi T-80 yaitu T-80UD. Mesin dengan performa bagusnya menjadikan tank ini merupakan salah satu tank yang terbaik di dunia, dengan jumlah tenaga per berat kira-kira 26 daya kuda per ton (19 kW/t). T-84 Oplot juga merupakan versi tercanggih bagi T-84 dengan menggabungkan penyimpanan amunisi berperisai di dalam kubah meriam baru. Sepuluh unit tank ini telah berdinas dengan Ukraina pada tahun 2001. T-84-120 Yatagan pula adalah sebuah prototipe untuk tujuan ekspor, dilengkapi dengan meriam 120 mm yang mampu menggunakan peluru dan peluru kendali mengikuti standar NATO.
Ekspor
[sunting | sunting sumber]Angkatan Darat Bangladesh: Pada tahun 2020, Angkatan Darat Bangladesh memulai kontrak untuk membeli 76 T-84 Yatagan batch pertama. Angkatan Darat Bangladesh akan mempunyai tank ini, dari 200 hingga 300 tank Yatagan dalam beberapa tahun mendatang sebagai bagian dari program tank utama generasi ketiga.[2]
Angkatan Darat Georgia: Pada bulan Oktober 2009, Tentera Darat Georgia membeli 12 T-84 Oplot.[3]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Jane's Armour and Artillery, 2005–2006
- ^ Yatagan Main Battle Tank bdmilitary.com
- ^ Ukraine to hand Georgia 12 T-84 tanks in October, Kyiv Post (October 8, 2009)
- Steven Zaloga and David Markov (2000). Russia's T-80U Main Battle Tank. Hong Kong: Concord. ISBN 962-361-656-2.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![]() | |
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The T-84 | |
![]() |
Photo of T-84 |
![]() |
T-84 and improved T-72 |
![]() |
Gunner's station from inside |
- Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau—Ukrainian producer of the T-80. KMDB's pages for T-80UD Diarsipkan 2007-06-30 di Wayback Machine., T-84 Diarsipkan 2006-07-22 di Wayback Machine., Oplot Diarsipkan 2007-05-14 di Wayback Machine., and BTMP-84 Diarsipkan 2009-11-15 di Wayback Machine..
- T-84 MBT at globalsecurity.org
- JED Equipment Database: T-84 Tank information and variants Diarsipkan 2005-04-09 di Wayback Machine. (requires paid membership)
Uji Coba Halaman 2
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 3
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Daftar tank Uni Soviet
[sunting | sunting sumber]Berikut adalah daftar tank dari Uni Soviet.
Perang Dunia II
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tank Ringan
[sunting | sunting sumber]No. | Nama | Keterangan | Spesifikasi | Persenjataan Utama | Persenjataan Sekunder | Kaliber | Varian | Berdinas pada | Masa Dinas | Operator | Foto |
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1. | Kereta api Argo Bromo Anggrek | Kereta api antarkota kelas eksekutif dan luxury relasi Gambir-Surabaya Pasarturi | - | bukan senjata | Luxury | Ini bukanlah tank! Namun ini kereta api. | 1990-an hingga sekarang | ![]() | |||
2. | BT-2 | Tank ringan Uni Soviet | 45 mm | ![]() | |||||||
3. | BT-5 | 45 mm, atau 420 mm (roket) |
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4. | BT-7 | 45 mm |
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5. | T-26 | Tank infanteri ringan Uni Soviet | 45/76 mm |
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1933-1961 | ||||||
6. | T-50 | Tank ringan Uni Soviet | 45 mm | ![]() | |||||||
7. | T-60 | 20 mm | ![]() | ||||||||
8. | T-70 | 45 mm | ![]() | ||||||||
9. | T-80 (bukan T-80 MBT) | ![]() | |||||||||
Varian dari tangkapan musuh | |||||||||||
1. | BT-42 | Meriam serbu dari
Finlandia, dipasang kubah dengan meriam 114 mm di atas sasis tank BT. |
114 mm | ![]() |
Tank Medium
[sunting | sunting sumber]No. | Nama | Keterangan | Spesifikasi | Persenjataan Utama | Persenjataan Sekunder | Kaliber | Varian | Berdinas pada | Masa Dinas | Operator | Foto |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | T-28 | Tank medium multi-turet Uni Soviet |
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57 (eksperimen), 76 atau 85 mm |
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2. | T-34 | Tank medium Uni Soviet | 57 (eksperimen), 76, 85 atau 100 mm |
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1940 hingga sekarang |
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3. | T-44 | 85, 100 atau 122 (prototipe) mm |
Tank medium[sunting | sunting sumber]
Penghancur tank[sunting | sunting sumber] |
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Tank Berat
[sunting | sunting sumber]No. | Nama | Keterangan | Spesifikasi | Persenjataan Utama | Persenjataan Sekunder | Kaliber | Varian | Berdinas pada | Masa Dinas | Operator | Foto |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | KV (Kliment Voroshilov) | Tank berat Uni Soviet | 57, 76, 85, 107 , 122 atau 152 mm |
Tank berat[sunting | sunting sumber]
Penghancur tank[sunting | sunting sumber] |
![]() | ||||||
2. | IS (Iosif Stalin) | 85, 100, 122 mm |
Tank berat[sunting | sunting sumber]
Penghancur tank[sunting | sunting sumber] |
Perang Dunia II | 1943-1995 |
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![]() ![]() |
Artileri Swagerak/Penghancur Tank
[sunting | sunting sumber]Senjata Pertahanan Udara
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tank Uji Coba/Direncanakan/Fiksi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 5
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 6
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 7
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 8
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 9
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 10
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 11
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 12
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 13
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 14
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 15
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 16
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 17
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 18
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 19
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji Coba Halaman 20
[sunting | sunting sumber]Uji coba Halaman 21
[sunting | sunting sumber]Sudah di terbitkan halamannya. Halaman ada di atas.
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Uji Coba Layout Baru Halaman 22
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tidak jadi; halaman Embargo sudah dialihkan ke Sanksi ekonomi (dalam Bahasa Inggris).
Jalur KA Bagongsari-Kuwakan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Uji coba Halaman 23
[sunting | sunting sumber]Sudah di terbitkan halamannya. Halaman ada di atas.
Uji Coba Layout Baru Halaman 24
[sunting | sunting sumber]Sudah di sunting layout-nya. Halaman ada di atas.
Uji Coba Layout Halaman BaruBahan berbahaya dan beracun
[sunting | sunting sumber]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/HAZMAT_training.jpg/220px-HAZMAT_training.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/220px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png)
Bahan berbahaya dan beracun, disingkatkan B3, adalah substansi ketika diangkut akan berisiko untuk kesehatan, keselamatan, properti atau lingkungan. Barang berbahaya tertentu yang menimbulkan risiko meskipun tidak diangkut disebut material berbahaya (terabreviasi secara silabis sebagai kata HAZMAT atau hazmat). Contoh dari B3 adalah limbah berbahaya ketika limbah yang memiliki substansial atau masalah ke kesehatan umum atau lingkungan.[1]
Hazardous materials are often subject to chemical regulations. Pasukan hazmat adalah personel yang dilatih khusus untuk mengendalikan bahan berbahaya, yaitu bahan yang radioaktif,
, explosive, corrosive, oxidizing, asphyxiating, biohazardous, toxic, pathogenic, or allergenic. Also included are physical conditions such as compressed gases and liquids or hot materials, including all goods containing such materials or chemicals, or may have other characteristics that render them hazardous in specific circumstances.
Dangerous goods are often indicated by diamond-shaped signage on the item (see NFPA 704), its container, or the building where it is stored. The color of each diamond indicates its hazard, e.g., flammable is indicated with red, because fire and heat are generally of red color, and explosive is indicated with orange, because mixing red (flammable) with yellow (oxidizing agent) creates orange. A nonflammable and nontoxic gas is indicated with green, because all compressed air vessels were this color in France after World War II, and France was where the diamond system of hazmat identification originated.
Regulasi
[sunting | sunting sumber]The most widely applied regulatory scheme is that for the transportation of dangerous goods. The United Nations Economic and Social Council issues the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, which form the basis for most regional, national, and international regulatory schemes. For instance, the International Civil Aviation Organization has developed dangerous goods regulations for air transport of hazardous materials that are based upon the UN model but modified to accommodate unique aspects of air transport. Individual airline and governmental requirements are incorporated with this by the Asosiasi Pengangkutan Udara Internasional to produce the widely used IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR).[2] Similarly, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code ("IMDG Code", part of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea) for transportation of dangerous goods by sea. IMO member countries have also developed the HNS Convention to provide compensation in case of dangerous goods spills in the sea.
The Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail has developed the regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail ("RID", part of the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail). Many individual nations have also structured their dangerous goods transportation regulations to harmonize with the UN model in organization as well as in specific requirements.
The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed upon system set to replace the various classification and labeling standards used in different countries. The GHS uses consistent criteria for classification and labeling on a global level.
UN numbers and proper shipping names
[sunting | sunting sumber]Dangerous goods are assigned to UN numbers and proper shipping names according to their hazard classification and their composition. Dangerous goods commonly carried are listed in the Dangerous Goods list.[3]
Examples for UN numbers and proper shipping names are:
- 1202 GAS OIL atau DIESEL FUEL atau HEATING OIL, LIGHT
- 1203 MOTOR SPIRIT atau GASOLINE atau PETROL
- 3090 LITHIUM METAL BATTERIES
- 3480 LITHIUM ION BATTERIES including lithium ion polymer batteries
By country or region
[sunting | sunting sumber]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pennsylvania_Tunnel_Hazmat_Restrictions_Sign.svg/220px-Pennsylvania_Tunnel_Hazmat_Restrictions_Sign.svg.png)
Due to the increase in fear of terrorism in the early 21st century after the September 11, 2001 attacks, funding for greater hazmat-handling capabilities was increased throughout the United States, recognizing that flammable, poisonous, explosive, or radioactive substances in particular could be used for terrorist attacks.
The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration regulates hazmat transportation within the territory of the US by Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates the handling of hazardous materials in the workplace as well as response to hazardous-materials-related incidents, most notably through Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER).[4] regulations found at 29 CFR 1910.120.
In 1984 the agencies OSHA, EPA, USCG, and NIOSH jointly published the first Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Guidance Manual[4] which is available for download.[5]
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates hazardous materials as they may impact the community and environment, including specific regulations for environmental cleanup and for handling and disposal of waste hazardous materials. For instance, transportation of hazardous materials is regulated by the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act was also passed to further protect human and environmental health.[6]
The Consumer Product Safety Commission regulates hazardous materials that may be used in products sold for household and other consumer uses.
Hazard classes for materials in transport
[sunting | sunting sumber]Following the UN model, the DOT divides regulated hazardous materials into nine classes, some of which are further subdivided. Hazardous materials in transportation must be placarded and have specified packaging and labelling. Some materials must always be placarded, others may only require placarding in certain circumstances.[7]
Trailers of goods in transport are usually marked with a four digit UN number. This number, along with standardized logs of hazmat information, can be referenced by first responders (firefighters, police officers, and ambulance personnel) who can find information about the material in the Emergency Response Guidebook.[8]
Fixed facilities
[sunting | sunting sumber]Different standards usually apply for handling and marking hazmats at fixed facilities, including NFPA 704 diamond markings (a consensus standard often adopted by local governmental jurisdictions), OSHA regulations requiring chemical safety information for employees, and CPSC requirements requiring informative labeling for the public, as well as wearing hazmat suits when handling hazardous materials.
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ADR (treaty) – international arrangements for carriage of dangerous goods
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
- Area classification
- ASTM International – an international standards organization
- CLP Regulation
- Dangerous Goods Safety Advisor
- Directive 67/548/EEC
- Environmental hazard
- Hazardous materials apparatus
- UN number
- Hazchem
- Highly hazardous chemical
- List of Extremely Hazardous Substances
- List of UN Numbers
- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standard 704 (US) (the "fire diamond")
- Packing group
- Pipe marking
- Poison control center
- Redundant refrigeration system
- Waste oil
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Resources Conservation and Recovery Act". US EPA.
- ^ "Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR)". IATA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-23.
- ^ "2.0.2 UN numbers and proper shipping names". Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations. I (edisi ke-Twentyfirst). United Nations. Diakses tanggal 25 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Hazardous waste operations and emergency response (HAZWOPER)". Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2006. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 February 2010. Diakses tanggal 17 February 2010.
- ^ DHHS (NIOSH) (October 1985), Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities, hlm. 142, Pub. no. 85-115, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 29, 2011, diakses tanggal 2011-02-22
- ^ Taylor, Penny. "Transporting and Disposing of Dangerous Goods in the US: What You Need to Know". ACT Environmental Services. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 January 2016. Diakses tanggal 28 December 2015.
- ^ Werman, Howard A.; Karren, K; Mistovich, Joseph (2014). "Protecting Yourself from Accidental and Work-Related Injury: Hazardous Materials". Dalam Werman A. Howard; Mistovich J; Karren K. Prehospital Emergency Care, 10e. Pearson Education, Inc. hlm. 31.
- ^ Levins, Cory. "Dangerous Goods". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 27 April 2016.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Media tentang Dangerous goods di Wikimedia Commons
- Processing Radioactive Materials - large set of images by the IAEA showing automated package labelling and tracking for shipment of hazardous radioactive pharmaceuticals.
- Categorising Dangerous Materials - blog post explaining UN classification of dangerous materials.
- The 9 Classes of Dangerous Goods - blog post by Mintra explaining the 9 classes of dangerous goods
Templat:Bahan berbahaya dan beracun