Jund Hims: Perbedaan antara revisi
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(4 revisi perantara oleh pengguna yang sama tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 14: | Baris 14: | ||
{{See|Kekhalifahan Umayyah}} |
{{See|Kekhalifahan Umayyah}} |
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*[[An-Nu'man bin Basyir al-Anshari]] (666{{sfn|Crone|1980|p=226, catatan 234}}–678;{{sfn|Wellhausen|1927|p=130}} menjabat di bawah Muawiyah) |
*[[An-Nu'man bin Basyir al-Anshari]] (666{{sfn|Crone|1980|p=226, catatan 234}}–678;{{sfn|Wellhausen|1927|p=130}} menjabat di bawah Muawiyah) |
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*[[Malik bin Hubairah |
*[[Malik bin Hubairah as-Sakuni]] (periode yang tidak ditentukan dari tahun 661–680; menjabat di bawah Muawiyah){{sfn|Gundelfinger|Verkinderen|2020|p=97}} |
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*[[Al-Hushain bin Numair |
*[[Al-Hushain bin Numair as-Sakuni]] (680–683;{{sfn|Gundelfinger|Verkinderen|2020|p=97}} menjabat di bawah Khalifah [[Yazid bin Muawiyah]]) |
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*An-Nu'man bin Basyir al-Anshari (684–684;{{sfn|Hawting|1989|p=56}} menjabat di bawah Khalifah [[Abdullah bin az-Zubair]] yang berada di [[Makkah]]{{sfn|Gundelfinger|Verkinderen|2020|p=97}}) |
*An-Nu'man bin Basyir al-Anshari (684–684;{{sfn|Hawting|1989|p=56}} menjabat di bawah Khalifah [[Abdullah bin az-Zubair]] yang berada di [[Makkah]]{{sfn|Gundelfinger|Verkinderen|2020|p=97}}) |
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*[[Khalid bin Yazid]] (684–685;{{sfn|Crone|1980|p=124}} putra Khalifah Yazid, menjabat di bawah kerabat Umayyahnya Khalifah [[Marwan bin al-Hakam]]{{sfn|Gundelfinger|Verkinderen|2020|p=97}}) |
*[[Khalid bin Yazid]] (684–685;{{sfn|Crone|1980|p=124}} putra Khalifah Yazid, menjabat di bawah kerabat Umayyahnya Khalifah [[Marwan bin al-Hakam]]{{sfn|Gundelfinger|Verkinderen|2020|p=97}}) |
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**[[Aban bin |
**[[Aban bin al-Walid bin Uqbah]] (684–685;{{sfn|Crone|1980|p=124}} tampaknya menjabat sebagai wakil Khalid){{sfn|Gundelfinger|Verkinderen|2020|p=97}} |
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*Aban bin |
*Aban bin al-Walid bin Uqbah (685–691;{{sfn|Gundelfinger|Verkinderen|2020|p=97}} menjabat di bawah kerabat jauhnya Khalifah Umayyah [[Abdul Malik bin Marwan]]){{sfn|Dixon|1969|p=173}} |
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*[[Abdullah bin Abdul Malik]] ({{circa|703–704}}){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=124}} |
*[[Abdullah bin Abdul Malik]] ({{circa|703–704}}){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=124}} |
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*[[Al-Abbas bin |
*[[Al-Abbas bin al-Walid bin Abdul Malik]] (705–715){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=125}} |
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*[[Yazid bin |
*[[Yazid bin al-Hushain as-Sakuni]] (717–720){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=127}} |
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*[[Abdul Malik bin |
*[[Abdul Malik bin al-Qa'qa' bin Khulaid al-Absi]] (periode yang tidak ditentukan dari tahun 724–743){{sfn|Hillenbrand|1989|p=136}} |
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*[[Marwan bin Abdullah bin Abdul Malik]] dan/atau [[Utsman bin |
*[[Marwan bin Abdullah bin Abdul Malik]] dan/atau [[Utsman bin al-Walid bin Yazid]] (743–744){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=129}} |
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*[[Muawiyah bin Yazid |
*[[Muawiyah bin Yazid as-Sakuni]] (744–745){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=97}}{{sfn|Williams|1985|p=3}} |
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*[[Abdullah bin Syajarah al-Kindi]] (745){{sfn|Williams|1985|p=3}} |
*[[Abdullah bin Syajarah al-Kindi]] (745){{sfn|Williams|1985|p=3}} |
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*[[Sa'id bin Hisyam|Sa'id bin Hisyam bin Abdul |
*[[Sa'id bin Hisyam|Sa'id bin Hisyam bin Abdul Malik]] (745; gubernur pemberontak untuk [[Sulaiman bin Hisyam]]){{sfn|Williams|1985|p=23}} |
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=== Periode Abbasiyah === |
=== Periode Abbasiyah === |
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{{See|Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah|Daftar penguasa Damaskus|Anarki di Samarra|Al-Qahir|Ar-Radhi}} |
{{See|Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah|Daftar penguasa Damaskus|Anarki di Samarra|Al-Qahir|Ar-Radhi}} |
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Baris 43: | Baris 44: | ||
== Sumber == |
== Sumber == |
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*{{The End of the Jihad State}} |
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*{{Slaves on Horses}} |
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*{{cite journal |last1=Crone |first1=Patricia |title=Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties? |journal=Der Islam |date=1994 |volume=71 |pages=1–57 |doi=10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1 |s2cid=154370527 |url=http://www.kobiljski.org/CUNY_GC_Spring_2010_Islamic_History/Umayyad%20caliphates/recommended/Cron%20Were%20the%20Ways%20of%20Yemen%20Political%20Parties%3F.pdf |ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite thesis |last=Dixon |first='Abd al-Ameer 'Abd |title=The Umayyad Caliphate 65–86/684–705: A Political Study |date=August 1969 |publisher=University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies |url=|ref=harv}} |
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* {{The History of al-Tabari |volume=31 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Utb5Z1h_RtoC}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Gundelfinger |first1=Simon |last2=Verkinderen |first2=Peter |editor1-last=Hagemann |editor1-first=Hannah-Lena |editor2-last=Heidemann |editor2-first=Stefan |title=Elites — Connecting the Early Islamic Empire |date=2020 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-11-066648-9 |pages=255–330 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqLiDwAAQBAJ |chapter=The Governors of al-Sham and Fars in the Early Islamic Empire - A Comparative Regional Perspective|ref=harv}} |
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*{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=20 |url=}} |
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*{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=15 |url=}} |
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*{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=26 |url=}} |
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*{{EI2 |article=Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān |last=Hinds |first=M. |volume=7 |pages=263–268}} |
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*{{Kennedy-The Armies of the Caliphs}} |
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* {{The History of al-Tabari |volume=34 |url={{Google Books|nxyl-gp36y8C|plainurl=y}} }} |
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*{{cite book |last=le Strange |first=Guy |authorlink=Guy Le Strange |title=Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500 |publisher=Committee of the [[Palestine Exploration Fund]] |location=London |year=1890 |url=https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft |oclc=1004386|ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite journal |last1=Madelung |first1=Wilferd |author-link=Wilferd Madelung|title=Apocalyptic Prophecies in Hims in the Umayyad Age |journal=Journal of Semitic Studies |date=1986 |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=141–185|doi=10.1093/jss/XXXI.2.141 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{The History of al-Tabari |volume=28}} |
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*{{cite book |last1=Ritter |first1=Hellmut |translator=John O'Kane |title=The Ocean of the Soul: Men, the World and God in the Stories of Farīd al-Dīn Aṭṭar |date=2013 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-12068-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dSYn3yCkYvIC|ref=harv}} |
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*{{The Arab Kingdom and its Fall}} |
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*{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=27 |url=}} |
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[[Kategori:Homs]] |
[[Kategori:Homs]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 27 Desember 2024 15.42
Jund Ḥimṣ (bahasa Arab: جُـنْـد حِـمْـص, "distrik militer Homs," atau Legiun Emessa)[1] adalah salah satu dari empat distrik militer dari provinsi Kekhalifahan Suriah.[2] Ibu kotanya adalah Homs, dimana distrik tersebut meraih namanya. Pusat-pusat perkotaan utamanya adalah Latakia, Tadmur, Jableh, Kafr Tab, Tarsus, Salamiyah, Bulunyas dan Benteng Khawabi.[3]
Gubernur
[sunting | sunting sumber]Periode Rasyidin (638–661)
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Iyadh bin Ghanam al-Fihri (639–641)[4]
- Sa'id bin Amir bin Hidzyam al-Jumahi (641–642)[4][5]
- Umair bin Sa'ad al-Anshari (642–646)[4]
- Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan (646–661)[6]
- Abdurrahman bin Khalid bin Walid (setidaknya 653/654[7]–666)
Periode Umayyah (661–750)
[sunting | sunting sumber]- An-Nu'man bin Basyir al-Anshari (666[8]–678;[9] menjabat di bawah Muawiyah)
- Malik bin Hubairah as-Sakuni (periode yang tidak ditentukan dari tahun 661–680; menjabat di bawah Muawiyah)[10]
- Al-Hushain bin Numair as-Sakuni (680–683;[10] menjabat di bawah Khalifah Yazid bin Muawiyah)
- An-Nu'man bin Basyir al-Anshari (684–684;[11] menjabat di bawah Khalifah Abdullah bin az-Zubair yang berada di Makkah[10])
- Khalid bin Yazid (684–685;[12] putra Khalifah Yazid, menjabat di bawah kerabat Umayyahnya Khalifah Marwan bin al-Hakam[10])
- Aban bin al-Walid bin Uqbah (684–685;[12] tampaknya menjabat sebagai wakil Khalid)[10]
- Aban bin al-Walid bin Uqbah (685–691;[10] menjabat di bawah kerabat jauhnya Khalifah Umayyah Abdul Malik bin Marwan)[13]
- Abdullah bin Abdul Malik (ca 703–704)[12]
- Al-Abbas bin al-Walid bin Abdul Malik (705–715)[14]
- Yazid bin al-Hushain as-Sakuni (717–720)[15]
- Abdul Malik bin al-Qa'qa' bin Khulaid al-Absi (periode yang tidak ditentukan dari tahun 724–743)[16]
- Marwan bin Abdullah bin Abdul Malik dan/atau Utsman bin al-Walid bin Yazid (743–744)[17]
- Muawiyah bin Yazid as-Sakuni (744–745)[18][19]
- Abdullah bin Syajarah al-Kindi (745)[19]
- Sa'id bin Hisyam bin Abdul Malik (745; gubernur pemberontak untuk Sulaiman bin Hisyam)[20]
Periode Abbasiyah
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kekuasaan Abbasiyah di Suriah dimulai dari tahun 750 dan mulai menurun setelah tahun 861. Kekuasaan Abbasiyah di Suriah selesai berakhir pada pertengahan abad ke-10.
- Abdullah bin Ali (750–753)[21]
- Shalih bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas (756–757)[22]
- Abdul Malik bin Shalih (793–795)
- Ishaq bin Sulaiman bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas (809)[23]
- Abdullah bin Sa'id al-Harasyi (809–810)[23]
- Al-Mu'ayyad (854–855)[24]
- Shalih al-Abbasi al-Turki (855–856)[25]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Alfred, Muhammed Ashraf, Bukhsh, Salahuddin Khuda and Von Kremer (1961). Politics in Islam: Von Kremer's Staatsidee des Islams (4th edition). Lahore, Pakistan. hlm. 124. OCLC 10521479.
- ^ Stephen and Goodwin, Tony (2001). Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean: The Pre-Reform Coinage of the Early Islamic Period. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, England. hlm. 84–85. ISBN 1-85444-173-6.
- ^ Al-Muqaddasi quoted by Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. hlm. 25–39. OCLC 1004386.
- ^ a b c Humphreys 1990, hlm. 72.
- ^ Ritter 2013, hlm. 805.
- ^ Humphreys 1990, hlm. 74.
- ^ Humphreys 1990, hlm. 119.
- ^ Crone 1980, hlm. 226, catatan 234.
- ^ Wellhausen 1927, hlm. 130.
- ^ a b c d e f Gundelfinger & Verkinderen 2020, hlm. 97.
- ^ Hawting 1989, hlm. 56.
- ^ a b c Crone 1980, hlm. 124.
- ^ Dixon 1969, hlm. 173.
- ^ Crone 1980, hlm. 125.
- ^ Crone 1980, hlm. 127.
- ^ Hillenbrand 1989, hlm. 136.
- ^ Crone 1980, hlm. 129.
- ^ Crone 1980, hlm. 97.
- ^ a b Williams 1985, hlm. 3.
- ^ Williams 1985, hlm. 23.
- ^ Williams 1985, hlm. 198, 204, 208.
- ^ McAuliffe 1995, hlm. 75.
- ^ a b Fishbein 1992, hlm. 21.
- ^ Kraemer 1989, hlm. 96–97.
- ^ Kraemer 1989, hlm. 133–134.
Sumber
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994). The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
- Crone, Patricia (1980). Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52940-9.
- Crone, Patricia (1994). "Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties?" (PDF). Der Islam. 71: 1–57. doi:10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1.
- Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer 'Abd (August 1969). The Umayyad Caliphate 65–86/684–705: A Political Study (Tesis). University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies.
- Fishbein, Michael, ed. (1992). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXI: The War Between Brothers: The Caliphate of Muḥammad al-Amīn, A.D. 809–813/A.H. 193–198. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1085-1.
- Gundelfinger, Simon; Verkinderen, Peter (2020). "The Governors of al-Sham and Fars in the Early Islamic Empire - A Comparative Regional Perspective". Dalam Hagemann, Hannah-Lena; Heidemann, Stefan. Elites — Connecting the Early Islamic Empire. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 255–330. ISBN 978-3-11-066648-9.
- Hawting, G.R., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XX: The Collapse of Sufyānid Authority and the Coming of the Marwānids: The Caliphates of Muʿāwiyah II and Marwān I and the Beginning of the Caliphate of ʿAbd al-Malik, A.D. 683–685/A.H. 64–66. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-855-3.
- Humphreys, R. Stephen, ed. (1990). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XV: The Crisis of the Early Caliphate: The Reign of ʿUthmān, A.D. 644–656/A.H. 24–35. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0154-5.
- Hillenbrand, Carole, ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVI: The Waning of the Umayyad Caliphate: Prelude to Revolution, A.D. 738–744/A.H. 121–126. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-810-2.
- Hinds, M. (1993). "Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān". Dalam Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Pellat, Ch. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VII: Mif–Naz (edisi ke-2). Leiden: E. J. Brill. hlm. 263–268. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
- Kennedy, Hugh (2001). The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-25093-5.
- Kraemer, Joel L., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXIV: Incipient Decline: The Caliphates of al-Wāthiq, al-Mutawakkil and al-Muntaṣir, A.D. 841–863/A.H. 227–248. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-874-4.
- le Strange, Guy (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. OCLC 1004386.
- Madelung, Wilferd (1986). "Apocalyptic Prophecies in Hims in the Umayyad Age". Journal of Semitic Studies. 31 (2): 141–185. doi:10.1093/jss/XXXI.2.141.
- McAuliffe, Jane Dammen, ed. (1995). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVIII: The ʿAbbāsid Authority Affirmed: The Early Years of al-Mansūr, A.D. 753–763/A.H. 136–145. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1895-6.
- Ritter, Hellmut (2013). The Ocean of the Soul: Men, the World and God in the Stories of Farīd al-Dīn Aṭṭar. Diterjemahkan oleh John O'Kane. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12068-6.
- Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. Diterjemahkan oleh Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC 752790641.
- Williams, John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-884-4.