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Baris 192: Baris 192:
* [[Iranistan]] – puri pseudo-orientalis yang dibangun untuk P. T. Barnum pada tahun 1848 di Connecticut
* [[Iranistan]] – puri pseudo-orientalis yang dibangun untuk P. T. Barnum pada tahun 1848 di Connecticut
* [[Islamistan]] – berarti 'Tanah Islam', digunakan dalam berbagai konteks
* [[Islamistan]] – berarti 'Tanah Islam', digunakan dalam berbagai konteks
* [[Londonistan (istilah)|Londonistan]] – kata yang diberikan agen kontra-terorisme Perancis untuk kota [[London]] yang kadang digunakan untuk menyindir banyaknya populasi imigran di London.
* [[Londonistan (istilah)|Londonistan]] – kata yang diberikan agen kontra-terorisme Prancis untuk kota [[London]] yang kadang digunakan untuk menyindir banyaknya populasi imigran di London.
* [[Muristan]] – kompleks jalan dan toko di Distrik Kristen di Kota Lama Yerusalem
* [[Muristan]] – kompleks jalan dan toko di Distrik Kristen di Kota Lama Yerusalem
* [[New Yorkistan]] – judul desain sampul majalah ''[[The New Yorker]]'' edisi 10 Desember 2001
* [[New Yorkistan]] – judul desain sampul majalah ''[[The New Yorker]]'' edisi 10 Desember 2001
Baris 204: Baris 204:
== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="About.com">{{cite web|last = Johnson|first = Bridget|title = 'Stan Countries – What the Suffix 'Stan' Means|publisher = [[About.com]]|url = http://worldnews.about.com/od/centralandeastasia/f/stans.htm|accessdate = October 9, 2012|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6FVca0q9H|archivedate=2013-03-30|deadurl=no}}</ref>
<ref name="About.com">{{cite web|last = Johnson|first = Bridget|title = 'Stan Countries – What the Suffix 'Stan' Means|publisher = [[About.com]]|url = http://worldnews.about.com/od/centralandeastasia/f/stans.htm|accessdate = October 9, 2012|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6FVca0q9H?url=http://worldnews.about.com/od/centralandeastasia/f/stans.htm|archivedate = 2013-03-30|deadurl = no}}</ref>


<ref name = "Atlantic Free Press">[http://atlanticfreepress.com/news/1/13846-jewistan-finally-recognizing-israel-as-the-jewish-state.html Jewistan: Finally Recognizing Israel as the Jewish State] by Francis A Boyle, ''[[Atlantic Free Press]]'', October 21, 2010.</ref>
<ref name = "Atlantic Free Press">[http://atlanticfreepress.com/news/1/13846-jewistan-finally-recognizing-israel-as-the-jewish-state.html Jewistan: Finally Recognizing Israel as the Jewish State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195533/http://atlanticfreepress.com/news/1/13846-jewistan-finally-recognizing-israel-as-the-jewish-state.html |date=2016-03-04 }} by Francis A Boyle, ''[[Atlantic Free Press]]'', October 21, 2010.</ref>


<ref name="Etymonline">{{cite web|url = http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=-stan|title = -stan|first = Douglas|last = Harper|authorlink = Douglas Harper|publisher = [[Online Etymology Dictionary]]|accessdate = January 18, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101195443/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=-stan|archivedate=2014-01-01|deadurl=no}}</ref>
<ref name="Etymonline">{{cite web|url = http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=-stan|title = -stan|first = Douglas|last = Harper|authorlink = Douglas Harper|publisher = [[Online Etymology Dictionary]]|accessdate = January 18, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101195443/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=-stan|archivedate=2014-01-01|deadurl=no}}</ref>
Baris 212: Baris 212:
<ref name = "Francis Boyle">Francis Boyle, ''[http://www.claritypress.com/BoyleVIII.html The Palestinian Right of Return under International Law]'', Clarity Press, 2011. Chapter 3.5 "The State of the Jews—Jewistan!" and [http://books.google.ca/books?id=ws1HUK6bcwIC The Palestinian Right of Return Under International Law] at Google Books.</ref>
<ref name = "Francis Boyle">Francis Boyle, ''[http://www.claritypress.com/BoyleVIII.html The Palestinian Right of Return under International Law]'', Clarity Press, 2011. Chapter 3.5 "The State of the Jews—Jewistan!" and [http://books.google.ca/books?id=ws1HUK6bcwIC The Palestinian Right of Return Under International Law] at Google Books.</ref>


<ref name="Murphy Pizza">{{Cite book|last = Pizza|first = Murphy|publication-date = 2009|contribution = Schism as midwife: how conflict aided the birth of a contemporary Pagan community|editor-last = Lewis|editor-first = James R.|editor-link = James R. Lewis (scholar)|editor2-last = Lewis|editor2-first = Sarah M.|title = Sacred schisms: how religions divide|publication-place = Cambridge|publisher = Cambridge University Press|pages = 249–261|isbn = 978-0-511-58071-0|url = http://81.70.242.211/eab/manual/Publisher/Cambridge%20University%20Press%20www.cambridge.org/sacred%20schisms%20how%20religions%20divide%209780521881470%2049080%20%5B351%5D.pdf#page=261|accessdate = May 25, 2011|quote = [...] the Pagan community of the Minnesota Twin Cities, otherwise known by members as 'Paganistan.' 'Paganistan' is the nickname, and now proud moniker of self-identification, of the uniquely innovative, eclectic, and feisty Neopagan community of the Twin Cities Metro area of Minnesota.|postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref>
<ref name="Murphy Pizza">{{Cite book|last = Pizza|first = Murphy|publication-date = 2009|contribution = Schism as midwife: how conflict aided the birth of a contemporary Pagan community|editor-last = Lewis|editor-first = James R.|editor-link = James R. Lewis (scholar)|editor2-last = Lewis|editor2-first = Sarah M.|title = Sacred schisms: how religions divide|publication-place = Cambridge|publisher = Cambridge University Press|pages = 249–261|isbn = 978-0-511-58071-0|url = http://81.70.242.211/eab/manual/Publisher/Cambridge%20University%20Press%20www.cambridge.org/sacred%20schisms%20how%20religions%20divide%209780521881470%2049080%20%5B351%5D.pdf#page=261|accessdate = May 25, 2011|quote = [...] the Pagan community of the Minnesota Twin Cities, otherwise known by members as 'Paganistan.' 'Paganistan' is the nickname, and now proud moniker of self-identification, of the uniquely innovative, eclectic, and feisty Neopagan community of the Twin Cities Metro area of Minnesota.|postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}|archive-date = 2011-08-10|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110810234002/http://81.70.242.211/eab/manual/Publisher/Cambridge%20University%20Press%20www.cambridge.org/sacred%20schisms%20how%20religions%20divide%209780521881470%2049080%20%5B351%5D.pdf#page=261|dead-url = yes}}</ref>


<ref name="University of Illinois">[http://connections.ideals.illinois.edu/works/24921 Jewistan: Finally Recognizing Israel as the Jewish State], Abstract, Connections@Illinois (University of Illinois)</ref>
<ref name="University of Illinois">[http://connections.ideals.illinois.edu/works/24921 Jewistan: Finally Recognizing Israel as the Jewish State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425051700/http://connections.ideals.illinois.edu/works/24921 |date=2012-04-25 }}, Abstract, Connections@Illinois (University of Illinois)</ref>
}}
}}



Revisi terkini sejak 30 Juli 2024 01.46

Akhiran -stan (bahasa Persia: ـستان -stān) berasal dari bahasa Persia yang berarti "tempat"[1] atau "negara".[2]

Akhiran atau sufiks ini juga muncul di nama beberapa wiilayah, khususnya di Asia Tengah dan Selatan serta Kaukasus dan Rusia; wilayah yang mengalami persebaran atau adopsi budaya Persia. Sufiks ini juga digunakan secara umum, misalnya dalam bahasa Persia dan Urdu ada rigestân (ریگستان) yang berarti "tempat pasir, gurun", Pakistan yang berarti "tanah murni", dan golestan (گلستان) yang berarti "tempat bunga, kebun". Dalam bahasa Hindi ada devasthan ("tempat dewa, kuil, candi") dan lain-lain.

Kata ini awalnya merupakan kata benda independen yang berubah menjadi akhiran karena sering muncul sebagai penggalan terakhir kata majemuk nominal, berasal dari rumpun bahasa Indo-Iran dan Indo-Eropa. Kata ini berkerabat dengan sthā́na (Devanagari: स्थान) – diucapkan [st̪ʰaːna] – dalam bahasa Sanskerta yang artinya "berdiri". Dari kata tersebut, terciptalah turunan-turunan yang memiliki banyak arti, salah satunya "tempat, lokasi". Kata sthā́na sendiri diturunkan dari *sthāna- dalam bahasa Proto-Indo-Iran. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kata ini menjadi istana atau astana.

Akar Proto-Indo-Eropa untuk kata benda ini adalah *steh₂- (*stā- menurut rekonstruksi lama) yang artinya "berdiri" (atau "melangkah (ke suatu tempat), menempatkan (diri)"). *steh₂- juga menjadi sumber kata to stand dalam bahasa Inggris, stāre dalam bahasa Latin, dan histamai (ίσταμαι) dalam bahasa Yunani yang semuanya berarti "berdiri", sebagaimana pula تون (tun, "habitat" atau "tanah air") dalam bahasa Pashto dan стан (stan, "permukiman" atau "kemah semi-permanen") dalam bahasa Rusia. Dalam bahasa Polandia, stan berarti "keadaan" atau "kondisi", sedangkan dalam bahasa Serbia-Kroasia artinya "apartemen" (modern) dan "habitat" (asli). Dalam bahasa Ceko dan Slovak, kata ini berarti "tenda" atau "markas" (militer). Dalam rumpun bahasa Jerman, akarnya adalah Stand ("tempat, lokasi"), Stadt (Jerman), stad/sted (Belanda/Skandinavia), stêd (Frisia Barat, dan stead (Inggris); semuanya berarti "tempat" atau "kota". Sufiks -stan mirip dengan sufiks -land yang digunakan di berbagai nama negara dan tempat.

Negara Ibu kota Luas (km²) Populasi Kepadatan/km²
 Afghanistan Kabul (3.476.000) 652.230 31.108.077 43,5
 Kazakhstan Astana (780.880) 2.724.900 17.053.000 6,3
 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek (874.400) 199.900 5.551.900 27,8
 Pakistan Islamabad (805.235) 796.095 182.490.721 226,6
 Tajikistan Dushanbe (679.400) 143.100 8.000.000 55,9
 Turkmenistan Ashgabat (1.031.992) 488.100 5.125.693 10,5
 Uzbekistan Tashkent (2.309.600) 447.400 30.183.400 67,5

Nama asli

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Daerah administratif

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Kota dan kabupaten

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Usulan nama

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Lain-lain

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Referensi

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  1. ^ Johnson, Bridget. "'Stan Countries – What the Suffix 'Stan' Means". About.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-03-30. Diakses tanggal October 9, 2012. 
  2. ^ Harper, Douglas. "-stan". Online Etymology Dictionary. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-01-01. Diakses tanggal January 18, 2013. 
  3. ^ Jewistan: Finally Recognizing Israel as the Jewish State Diarsipkan 2012-04-25 di Wayback Machine., Abstract, Connections@Illinois (University of Illinois)
  4. ^ Jewistan: Finally Recognizing Israel as the Jewish State Diarsipkan 2016-03-04 di Wayback Machine. by Francis A Boyle, Atlantic Free Press, October 21, 2010.
  5. ^ Francis Boyle, The Palestinian Right of Return under International Law, Clarity Press, 2011. Chapter 3.5 "The State of the Jews—Jewistan!" and The Palestinian Right of Return Under International Law at Google Books.
  6. ^ Pizza, Murphy (2009). "Schism as midwife: how conflict aided the birth of a contemporary Pagan community". Dalam Lewis, James R.; Lewis, Sarah M. Sacred schisms: how religions divide (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 249–261. ISBN 978-0-511-58071-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-08-10. Diakses tanggal May 25, 2011. [...] the Pagan community of the Minnesota Twin Cities, otherwise known by members as 'Paganistan.' 'Paganistan' is the nickname, and now proud moniker of self-identification, of the uniquely innovative, eclectic, and feisty Neopagan community of the Twin Cities Metro area of Minnesota. 

Pranala luar

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  • Indo-European root *stā- di www.bartleby.com Galat: URL arsip tidak dikenal (diarsipkan tanggal 20090122004341) (from the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition)