Holokaus di Yunani: Perbedaan antara revisi
←Membuat halaman berisi 'thumb|upright=0.8|alt=A group of women with bundes and suitcases are standing together while one woman weeps. |Seorang wanita muda menangis selama deportasi [[Yahudi Romaniot|Romaniote dari Ioannina pada tanggal 25 Maret 1944. Hampir semuanya dibunuh di Auschwitz-Birkenau.]] '''Holokaus di Yunani''' adalah pembunuhan massal Yahudi di Yunani, sebagi...' |
Add 1 book for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20230309)) #IABot (v2.0.9.3) (GreenC bot |
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* {{cite book |last= McElligott |first=Anthony |authorlink=Anthony McElligott |title=The Holocaust in Greece |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-47467-2 |language=en|chapter=The Deportation of the Jews of Rhodes, 1944: An Integrated History |pages=58–86}} |
* {{cite book |last= McElligott |first=Anthony |authorlink=Anthony McElligott |title=The Holocaust in Greece |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-47467-2 |language=en|chapter=The Deportation of the Jews of Rhodes, 1944: An Integrated History |pages=58–86}} |
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* {{cite book| last = Mozjes| first = Paul| title = Balkan Genocides : Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century| publisher = Rowman & Littlefield Publishers| edition = eBook| date = 2011| location = Lanham| isbn = 978-1442206656}} |
* {{cite book| last = Mozjes| first = Paul| title = Balkan Genocides : Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century| publisher = Rowman & Littlefield Publishers| edition = eBook| date = 2011| location = Lanham| isbn = 978-1442206656}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Naar |first1=Devin E. |author1-link=Devin E. Naar |title=Jewish Salonica: Between the Ottoman Empire and Modern Greece |date=2016 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-9887-7 |language=en}} |
* {{cite book |last1=Naar |first1=Devin E. |author1-link=Devin E. Naar |title=Jewish Salonica: Between the Ottoman Empire and Modern Greece |url=https://archive.org/details/jewishsalonicabe0000naar |date=2016 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-9887-7 |language=en}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Naar |first1=Devin E. |title=The Holocaust in Greece |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-47467-2 |pages=273–303 |chapter=“You are Your Brother’s Keeper”: Rebuilding the Jewish Community of Salonica from Afar}} |
* {{cite book |last1=Naar |first1=Devin E. |title=The Holocaust in Greece |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-47467-2 |pages=273–303 |chapter=“You are Your Brother’s Keeper”: Rebuilding the Jewish Community of Salonica from Afar}} |
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* {{cite book |last= Saltiel |first=Leon |title=The Holocaust in Greece |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-47467-2 |language=en|chapter=A City against Its Citizens? Thessaloniki and the Jews |pages=113–134}} |
* {{cite book |last= Saltiel |first=Leon |title=The Holocaust in Greece |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-47467-2 |language=en|chapter=A City against Its Citizens? Thessaloniki and the Jews |pages=113–134}} |
Revisi per 10 Maret 2023 10.33
![A group of women with bundes and suitcases are standing together while one woman weeps.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-179-1575-08%2C_Ioannina%2C_Deportation_von_Juden.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-179-1575-08%2C_Ioannina%2C_Deportation_von_Juden.jpg)
Holokaus di Yunani adalah pembunuhan massal Yahudi di Yunani, sebagian besar akibat deportasi mereka ke Auschwitz, selama Perang Dunia II. Pada tahun 1945, antara 83 dan 87 persen orang Yahudi Yunani telah dibunuh, salah satu proporsi tertinggi di Eropa.
Sebelum perang, sekitar 72.000 hingga 77.000 orang Yahudi tinggal di 27 komunitas di Yunani. Mayoritas, sekitar 50.000, tinggal di Salonica (Thessaloniki), bekas kota pada masa Ottoman yang direbut dan dianeksasi ke Yunani pada tahun 1912. Sebagian besar orang Yahudi Yunani bisa bercakap Judeo-Spanyol bercampur Sephardim (Yahudi yang berasal dari Semenanjung Iberia) dengan beberapa berbahasa Romaniotes (komunitas Yahudi kuno asli Yunani). Jerman, Italia, dan Bulgaria menyerang dan menduduki Yunani pada bulan April 1941. Selama tahun pertama pendudukan, pihak berwenang tidak memberlakukan tindakan sistematis apa pun yang menargetkan orang Yahudi per se.
Pada bulan Maret 1943, lebih dari 4.000 orang Yahudi dideportasi dari zona pendudukan Bulgaria ke kamp pemusnahan Treblinka. Dari 15 Maret hingga Agustus, hampir semua orang Yahudi Salonica, bersama komunitas tetangga di zona pendudukan Jerman, dideportasi ke kamp konsentrasi Auschwitz. Setelah gencatan senjata di Italia pada bulan September 1943, dan Jerman mengambil alih zona pendudukan Italia, penguasa setempat menentang deportasi orang Yahudi. Pada bulan Maret 1944, di Athena, dan Ioannina, juga tempat-tempat lain di bekas zona pendudukan Italia menyaksikan pengepungan dan deportasi komunitas Yahudi mereka. Pada pertengahan 1944, orang Yahudi yang tinggal di pulau-pulau Yunani menjadi sasaran. Sekitar 10.000 orang Yahudi selamat dari Holocaust baik dengan bersembunyi, berperang bersama pemberontak Yunani, atau selamat dari deportasi mereka.
Setelah Perang Dunia II, orang Yahudi yang masih hidup menghadapi hambatan untuk mendapatkan kembali properti mereka dari orang non-Yahudi yang telah mengambil alihnya selama perang. Sekitar setengahnya beremigrasi ke Israel dan negara lain dalam dekade pertama setelah perang. Holocaust telah lama dibayangi oleh peristiwa-peristiwa lain selama pendudukan masa perang, tetapi semakin terkenal pada abad ke-21.
Referensi
- Antoniou, Giorgos; Moses, A. Dirk (2018). "Introduction". The Holocaust in Greece (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 1–12. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Antoniou, Giorgos (2018). "Bystanders, Rescuers, and Collaborators: A Microhistory of Christian–Jewish Relations, 1943–1944". The Holocaust in Greece. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 135–156. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Apostolou, Andrew (2018). "Greek Collaboration in the Holocaust and the Course of the War". The Holocaust in Greece (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 89–112. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Balodimas-Bartolomei, Angelyn (2016). "Political and Pedagogical Dimensions in Holocaust Education: Teacher Seminars and Staff Development in Greece". Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education. 10 (4): 242–254. doi:10.1080/15595692.2016.1219847.
- Battinou, Zanet (2003). "The Jewish Museum of Greece: Brief Description, Mission, Issues and Programmes". European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe. 36 (2): 41–47. doi:10.3167/001430003782266125. ISSN 0014-3006. JSTOR 41443651.
- Blümel, Tobias (2021). "The Case of Alois Brunner and the Divided Consciousness in Processing the Holocaust in Greece". Südosteuropa Mitteilungen (dalam bahasa English) (2–3): 93–106. ISSN 0340-174X. Templat:Ceeol.
- Bowman, Steven B. (2009). The Agony of Greek Jews, 1940–1945 (dalam bahasa Inggris). Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-7249-5.
- Chandrinos, Iason; Droumpouki, Anna Maria (2018). "The German Occupation and the Holocaust in Greece: A Survey". The Holocaust in Greece (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 15–35. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Droumpouki, Anna Maria (2016). "Shaping Holocaust memory in Greece: memorials and their public history". National Identities. 18 (2): 199–216. doi:10.1080/14608944.2015.1027760.
- Droumpouki, Anna Maria (2021). "A Difficult Return: Aspects of the Rebuilding of the Jewish Communities in Greece, 1945–1947". Journal of Jewish Identities. 14 (2): 135–154. doi:10.1353/jji.2021.0027.
- Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth (2008). Greece: A Jewish History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10272-6.
- Fleming, Katherine E. (2018). "Gray Zones". The Holocaust in Greece. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 361–370. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Hantzaroula, Pothiti (2019). "Postwar Identity in the Making: Hidden Children in Volos (Greece)". Historein (dalam bahasa Inggris). 18 (1). doi:10.12681/historein.14627
. ISSN 2241-2816.
- Karasová, Nikola; Králová, Kateřina (2022). "The Holocaust Museum of Greece, Thessaloniki: In Whose Memory?". Nationalities Papers: 1–22. doi:10.1017/nps.2021.85.
- Kavala, Maria (2018). "The Scale of Jewish Property Theft in Nazi-occupied Thessaloniki". The Holocaust in Greece. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 183–207. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Kerem, Yitzchak (2012). "The Greek Government-in-exile and the Rescue of Jews from Greece". Holocaust Studies. 18 (2–3): 189–212. doi:10.1080/17504902.2012.11087301.
- Kornetis, Kostis (2018). "Expropriating the Space of the Other: Property Spoliations of Thessalonican Jews in the 1940s". The Holocaust in Greece (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 228–252. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Králová, Kateřina (2018). "Being a Holocaust Survivor in Greece: Narratives of the Postwar Period, 1944–1953". The Holocaust in Greece. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 304–326. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Mazower, Mark (2004). Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews 1430-1950 (dalam bahasa Inggris). Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-42757-1.
- McElligott, Anthony (2018). "The Deportation of the Jews of Rhodes, 1944: An Integrated History". The Holocaust in Greece (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 58–86. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Mozjes, Paul (2011). Balkan Genocides : Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century (edisi ke-eBook). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1442206656.
- Naar, Devin E. (2016). Jewish Salonica: Between the Ottoman Empire and Modern Greece (dalam bahasa Inggris). Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-9887-7.
- Naar, Devin E. (2018). ""You are Your Brother's Keeper": Rebuilding the Jewish Community of Salonica from Afar". The Holocaust in Greece. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 273–303. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Saltiel, Leon (2018). "A City against Its Citizens? Thessaloniki and the Jews". The Holocaust in Greece (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 113–134. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Wetzel, Juliane (2015). "Frankreich und Belgien" [France and Belgium]. Dimension des Völkermords: Die Zahl der jüdischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus [Dimension of the genocide: the number of Jewish victims of Nazism] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. hlm. 105–137. doi:10.1524/9783486708332.105. ISBN 978-3-486-70833-2.