Daftar hari kemerdekaan nasional
Tampilan
Hari kemerdekaan nasional merupakan sebuah peristiwa tahunan yang dirayakan guna memperingati kemerdekaan suatu bangsa menjadi sebuah negara berdaulat, biasanya setelah pecah dari suatu bangsa atau negara; atau juga selesainya pendudukan militer. Sebagian besar negara-negara menjadikan hari kemerdekaan mereka sebagai hari raya nasional, dan dalam beberapa kasus terdapat pula kontroversi atau keberatan mengenai penetapan tanggal tersebut.
Daftar
Berikut adalah sebagian besar daftar hari kemerdekaan negara-negara diseluruh dunia:
Negara | Tanggal libur | Tahun dirayakan | Pesta dirayakan | Nama libur |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 19 Agustus | 1919 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1919. | Afghan Independence Day |
Albania | 28 November | 1912 | Declared by Ismail Qemali in 1912 and signaled the end of five centuries of Ottoman rule. | Independence Day/Dita e Pavarësisë |
Algeria | 5 Juli | 1962 | Independence from France in 1962. | Independence Day (Algeria) |
Angola | 11 November | 1975 | Independence from Portugal in 1975. | WTF |
Anguilla | 30 Mei | 1967 | Independence from St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla in 1967. | Anguilla Day |
Antigua and Barbuda | 1 November | 1981 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1981. | |
Argentina | 9 Juli | 1816 | Independence declared from the Spanish Empire in 1816. | Independence Day |
Armenia | 28 Mei | 1918 | Declaration of independence from Russian Empire in 1918. | |
21 September | 1991 | Independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. | National Day | |
Austria | 26 Oktober | 1955 | Restoration of sovereignty and signing of the Declaration of Neutrality in 1955. | National Day |
Azerbaijan | 28 Mei | 1918 | Independence from the Russian Empire in 1918 and declaration of the Republic. | Republic Day |
18 Oktober | 1991 | Independence re-declared from the Soviet Union in 1991. | Day of the State Independence of Azerbaijan | |
Bahamas | 10 Juli | 1973 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1973. | |
Bahrain | 16 Desember | 1971 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1971. | Bahrain Independence Day |
Bangladesh | 26 Maret | 1971 | Independence was declared from Pakistan and this led to a nine-month war ending on December 16, 1971. | Independence Day of Bangladesh |
Barbados | 30 November | 1966 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1966. | |
Belarus | 3 Juli | 1944 | The liberation of Minsk after several years of German occupation in 1944. | Independence Day of Belarus |
Belgium | 21 Juli | 1831 | Independence from the United Netherlands (Belgian revolution) on October 4, 1830. Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld took the oath as first King of the Belgians on July 21, 1831. | Belgian National Day |
Belize | 21 September | 1981 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1981. | September Celebrations |
Benin | 1 Agustus | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | SI ANJING |
Bolivia | 6 Agustus | 1825 | Independence from Spain in 1825. | SI BABI |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 Maret | 1992 | Independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992. | Independence Day (Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
Botswana | 30 September | 1966 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1966. | Independence Day (Botswana) |
Brazil | 7 September | 1822 | Independence from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves on September 7, 1822. Recognized on August 29, 1825. | Independence Day (Brazil) |
Brunei | 1 Januari | 1984 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. National Day celebrations are held on February 23. | |
Bulgaria | 22 September | 1908 | Independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. | |
Burkina Faso | 5 Agustus | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | |
Myanmar | 4 Januari | 1948 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1948. | Independence Day (Myanmar) |
Burundi | 1 Juli | 1962 | Independence from Belgium in 1962. | |
Cambodia | 9 November | 1953 | Independence from France in 1953. | |
Cameroon | 1 Januari | 1960 | Independence from France and United Kingdom in 1960. | |
Canada | 1 Juli | 1867 | Granted nominal independence from United Kingdom in 1867. However, as the current province of Newfoundland and Labrador was a former British dominion, it celebrates Discovery Day on June 24 and mourns on July 1 for their World War I war dead. See Memorial Day (Newfoundland and Labrador). | Canada Day (Prior to 1982 known as Dominion Day) |
Cape Verde | 5 Juli | 1975 | Independence from Portugal in 1975. | |
Central African Republic | 13 Agustus | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | |
Chad | 11 Agustus | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | |
Chile | 12 Februari dan 18 September | 1810 | Declared Independence from Spain on that date in 1810. Actually, Chileans celebrate the date of the first Government Junta, September 18. This date was not recognized as such until April 25, 1844. | Fiestas Patrias |
Colombia | 20 Juli dan 7 Agustus | 1810 dan 1819 | Independence from Spain in 1810. | |
Comoros | 6 Juli | 1975 | Independence from France in 1975. | |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 30 Juni | 1960 | Independence from Belgium in 1960. | |
Congo, Republic of the | 15 Agustus | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | |
Costa Rica | 15 September | 1821 | Independence from Spain in 1821. | |
Croatia | 8 Oktober | 1991 | Independence from SFR Yugoslavia in 1991. | Independence Day (Croatia) |
Cuba | 20 Mei | 1902 | Independence from Spain in 1902. | |
Cyprus | 1 Oktober | 1960 | Independence from the United Kingdom on August 16, 1960, but Cyprus Independence Day is commonly celebrated on October 1. | Independence Day (Cyprus) |
Czech Republic | 28 Oktober | 1918 | As Czechoslovakia, marking independence from Austria-Hungary on October 28, 1918. | |
1 Januari | 1993 | As the Czech Republic after the split of Czechoslovakia in 1993. | ||
Djibouti | 27 Juni | 1977 | Independence from France in 1977. | |
Dominica | 3 November | 1978 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1978. | |
Dominican Republic | 27 Februari | 1844 | Independence re-declared from Haiti in 1844, after a 22-year occupation. | |
East Timor | 20 Mei | 2002 | Independence from Portugal in 2002 (recognition, East Timor was invaded by Indonesia from 1975 to 1999, officially it never ceased to be considered as administrated by Portugal). | |
Ecuador | 10 Agustus | 1809 | Proclaimed independence from Spain on August 10, 1809, but failed with the execution of all the conspirators of the movement on August 2, 1810. | |
24 Mei | 1822 | Independence finally occurred on May 24, 1822 at the Battle of Pichincha. | ||
El Salvador | 15 September | 1821 | Independence from Spain in 1821. | |
Equatorial Guinea | 12 Oktober | 1968 | Independence from Spain in 1968. | |
Eritrea | 24 Mei | 1993 | Independence from Ethiopia in 1993. | Independence Day (Eritrea) |
Estonia | 24 Februari | 1918 | Independence from the Russian Empire in 1918. | Independence Day (Estonia) |
20 Agustus | 1991 | Independence re-declared from the Soviet Union in 1991. | ||
Fiji | 10 Oktober | 1970 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1970. | Fiji Day |
Finland | 6 Desember | 1917 | Independence from Russia in 1917. Recognized on January 4, 1918. | Independence Day (Finland) |
Gabon | 17 Agustus | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | |
Gambia, The | 18 Februari | 1965 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1965. | |
Georgia | 26 Mei | 1918 | Day of the proclamation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918. | Independence Day |
9 April | 1991 | Independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. | Day of National Unity | |
Ghana | 6 Maret | 1957 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. | |
Greece | 25 Maret | 1821 | Declaration of independence from Ottoman Empire in 1821. Start of the Greek War of Independence. | |
Grenada | 7 Februari | 1974 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. | Independence Day (Grenada) |
Guatemala | 15 September | 1821 | Independence from Spain in 1821. | |
Guinea | 2 Oktober | 1958 | Independence from France in 1958. | |
Guinea-Bissau | 24 September | 1973 | Declaration of independence from Portugal in 1973. | |
Guyana | 26 Mei | 1966 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1966. | |
Haiti | 1 Januari | 1804 | Declaration of independence from France in 1804. | |
Honduras | 15 September | 1821 | Independence from Spain in 1821. | |
Hungary | 20 Agustus | 1000 | Foundation of Christian Hungary and Hungary's first Christian King St. Stephen's Day. | National Day |
Iceland | 17 Juni | 1944 | Foundation of republic in 1944. | |
India | 15 Agustus | 1947 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1947. | Independence Day (India) |
Indonesia | 17 Agustus | 1945 | Declaration of Independence day (Hari Proklamasi Kemerdekaan R.I.) from the Netherlands on August 17, 1945. The Netherlands acknowledged Indonesian independence and sovereignty in 1949. The Dutch government formally acknowledged August 17, 1945 as the only true date of Indonesian Independence in 2008.[1] | Independence Anniversary Day of Indonesia (Hari Ulang Tahun Kemerdekaan Indonesia) |
Iraq | 3 Oktober | 1932 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1932. | |
Israel | 5 Iyar (tepat atau antara 15 April dan 15 Mei, depending on the Hebrew calendar). |
5708 (1948) | Independence from the British Mandate for Palestine, which took place on May 14, 1948 (5 Iyar 5708 in the Hebrew calendar). Yom Ha'atzmaut is celebrated on the Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday nearest to 5 Iyar, so it occurs between 3 and 6 Iyar each year; this means that the holiday can fall any time between and including April 15 and May 15, according to the Gregorian calendar. | Yom Ha'atzmaut |
Ivory Coast | 7 Agustus | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | |
Jamaica | 6 Agustus | 1962 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1962. | |
Jordan | 25 Mei | 1946 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1946. | |
Kazakhstan | 16 Desember | 1991 | Independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. | |
Kenya | 12 Desember | 1963 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1963. | Jamhuri Day |
Kiribati | 12 Juli | 1979 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1979. | |
Korea, North | 15 Agustus | 1945 | Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1948. Korean War 1950-1953. | Chogukhaebangŭi nal |
Korea, South | 15 Agustus | 1945 | Independence from the Empire of Japan in 1945. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was founded in 1919. Korean War 1950-1953. | Gwangbokjeol |
Kosovo | 17 Februari | 2008 | Independence from Serbia in 2008. (Only partially recognized) | |
Kuwait | 25 Februari | 1961 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1961. | |
Kyrgyzstan | 31 Agustus | 1991 | Independence from USSR in 1991. | |
Laos | 22 Oktober | 1953 | Independence from France on October 22, 1953. | |
Latvia | 18 November | 1918 | Proclamation of independence on November 18, 1918. Latvia was part of Russian Empire prior to the WWI, but its territory had been ceded to German Empire in March 1918 | Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia |
4 Mei | 1990 | Restoration of independence from Soviet Union on May 4, 1990. | ||
Lebanon | 22 November | 1943 | Independence from France in 1943. | Lebanese Independence Day |
Lesotho | 4 Oktober | 1966 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1966. | |
Liberia | 26 Juli | 1847 | Independence from the American Colonization Society in 1847. | |
Libya | 24 Desember | 1951 | Independence from Italy on 10 February 1947, released from British and French on December 24, 1951. | |
Lithuania | 16 Februari | 1918 | Act of Independence of Lithuania: Independence from the Russian and German Empires in February 1918. | |
11 Maret | 1990 | Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania: independence from the Soviet Union in March 1990. | ||
Macedonia, Republic of | 8 September | 1991 | Independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. | Den na nezavisnosta or Ден на независноста |
Madagascar | 26 Juni | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | |
Malawi | 6 Juli | 1964 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1964. | |
Malaysia | 31 Agustus | 1957 | Independence of the Federation of Malaya from the United Kingdom in 1957. | Hari Merdeka |
Maldives | 26 Juli | 1965 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1965. | |
Mali | 22 September | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | |
Malta | 21 September | 1964 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1964. | Independence Day |
Mauritania | 28 November | 1960 | Independence from the France in 1960. | |
Mauritius | 12 Maret | 1968 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1968. | |
Mexico | 15–16 September | 1810 | Independence from Spain declared in 1810. ("grito" ceremony at night of Sep 15; military parade at midday of Sep 16). Recognized on September 27, 1821. | Grito de Dolores |
Moldova | 27 Agustus | 1991 | Declaration of Independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. | Independence Day |
Mongolia | 29 Desember[2] | 1911 | Independence from the Qing Dynasty in 1911.[3][4] However, the newly established Mongolian government was too weak to resist the occupation of the Republic of China in 1919 and later White Russia in early 1921. After ousting Roman von Ungern-Sternberg's forces, the new communist government was officially established on June 11, 1921.[5] | |
Montenegro | 21 Mei | 2006 | Referendum on independence from Serbia and Montenegro in 2006. | |
Morocco | 18 November | 1955 | Independence from France and Spain in 1956. | Independence Day |
Mozambique | 25 Juni | 1975 | Independence from Portugal in 1975. | |
Namibia | 21 Maret | 1990 | Independence from South African mandated in 1990. | |
Nauru | 31 Januari | 1968 | Independence from Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom in 1968. | |
Nicaragua | 15 September | 1821 | Independence from Spain in 1821. | |
Niger | 3 Agustus | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | Independence Day (Niger) |
Nigeria | 1 Oktober | 1960 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1960. | |
Northern Cyprus | 15 November | 1983 | Declaration of independence from the Republic of Cyprus in 1983. (Partially recognized) | |
Norway | 17 Mei | 1814 | Independence from Denmark (1814) and the Constitution of Norway (May 17, 1814). | National day/Constitution Day |
7 Juni | 1905 | Finally independence from the Sweden in 1905. The Norwegian Royal Family's return from exile during WWII in 1945. | Independence Day/Union Dissolution Day | |
Pakistan | 14 Agustus | 1947 | Independence from the United Kingdom on 27 Ramadan ul Mubarik, August 14, 1947. | Youm-e-Azadi |
Panama | 28 November | 1821 | Independence from Spain in 1821. | |
3 November | 1903 | Panama was member of the "Gran Colombia" until 1903. The 1903 separation from Colombia is celebrated as an official holiday day on November 3. | ||
Papua New Guinea | 16 September | 1975 | Independence from Australia of the former Territory of Papua and New Guinea in 1975. | |
Paraguay | 15 Mei | 1811 | Independence from Spain in 1811.[6] | Día de Independencia |
Peru | 28 Juli | 1821 | Independence from Spain in 1821. | Fiestas Patrias |
Philippines | 12 Juni | 1898 | Commemorates 1898 declaration by Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. The Philippines achieved self-rule from the United States on July 4, 1946, and celebrated July 4 as Independence Day until 1964.[9] | Araw ng Kalayaan or Araw ng Kasarinlan |
Poland | 11 November | 1918 | Restoration of Poland's independence in 1918 after 123 years of partitions by Russia, Prussia, and Austria. | Święto Niepodległości (Independence Day) |
Portugal | 1 Desember | 1640 | 1640 restoration of Portuguese independence from Iberian Union with Spain.[10] | Restoration of Independence Day |
Qatar | 18 Desember | 1971 | Original independence from the United Kingdom on 7 September. | Qatar National Day |
Republic of Ireland | 24 April | 1916 | Proclamation of the Irish Republic commencing the Easter Rising on April 24, 1916. Independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. | |
Rhodesia | 11 November | 1965 | Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom in 1965. | Independence Day |
Romania | 10 Mei | 1877 | Romania's first celebration of its independence, on prince Carol's coronation day, 1877, while the ultimately victorious independence war against the Ottoman Empire in 1877-1878 alongside Russia, was just beginning. | |
Russia | 12 Juni | 1992 | It commemorates the adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) on June 12, 1990. The passage of this Declaration by the First Congress of People's Deputies marked the beginning of constitutional reform in the Russian Soviet state. | Russia Day |
Rwanda | 1 Juli | 1962 | Independence from Belgium in 1962. | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 19 September | 1983 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1983. | |
Saint Lucia | 22 Februari | 1979 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1979. | Independence Day |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 27 Oktober | 1979 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1979. | |
Samoa | 1 Januari | 1962 | Independence from New Zealand in 1962. | |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 12 Juli | 1975 | Independence from Portugal in 1975. | |
Senegal | 4 April | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | |
Serbia | 15 Februari | 1804 | The beginning of First Serbian Uprising in 1804, it evolved into a Serbian Revolution, war for independence from Ottoman Empire; and the adoption of the first Constitution in 1835. | Statehood Day |
Seychelles | 29 Juni | 1976 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1976. | |
Sierra Leone | 27 April | 1961 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1961. | |
Singapore | 9 Agustus | 1965 | Marks city-state's secession/expulsion from the Malaysian Federation in 1965. | National Day (Singapore) |
Slovakia | 17 Juli | 1992 | Declaration of Independence in 1992 (only a remembrance day), de jure independence came on January 1, 1993 after the division of Czechoslovakia (public holiday). | |
Slovenia | 26 Desember dan 25 Juni | 1990 | Date of the release of the official results of the independence plebiscite in 1990, confirming secession from Yugoslavia. (Statehood Day) Declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. | Independence and Unity Day |
Solomon Islands | 7 Juli | 1978 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1978. | |
Somalia | 1 Juli | 1960 | Union of the Trust Territory of Somalia (former Italian Somaliland) and British Somaliland to form the Somali Republic. Event commemorated annually. | Independence Day (Somalia) |
South Africa | 11 Desember | 1931 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1931 in terms of the Balfour Declaration of 1926 which is not a public holiday. The Union of South Africa formed on May 31, 1910 and the Republic of South Africa declared on May 31, 1961 under minority rule during Apartheid. Majority rule achieved on April 27, 1997, which is celebrated annually as Freedom Day. | |
South Sudan | 9 Juli | 2011 | Independence from Sudan in 2011. | |
Sri Lanka | 4 Februari | 1948 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1948. | Independence Day (Sri Lanka) |
Sudan | 1 Januari | 1956 | Independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956. | |
Suriname | 25 November | 1975 | Independence from the Netherlands in 1975. | |
Swaziland | 6 September | 1968 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1968. | |
Sweden | 6 Juni | 1523 | Celebrates the election of King Gustav Vasa in 1523 and the new constitutions in 1809 and 1974. The election of King Gustav Vasa was the de facto end of the Kalmar Union and has been seen as a formal declaration of independence. | National Day of Sweden |
Switzerland | 1 Agustus | 1291 | Alliance against the Holy Roman Empire in 1291. | Swiss National Day |
Syria | 17 April | 1946 | End of the French Mandate of Syria in 1946. | Evacuation Day |
Tajikistan | 9 September | 1991 | Independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. | |
Tanzania | 9 Desember | 1961 | Independence of Tanganyika from the United Kingdom in 1961. | |
Togo | 27 April | 1960 | Independence from France in 1960. | |
Tibet | 13 Februari | 1913 | Independence from Manchu's Qing Dynasty in 1913. Later invaded in October 1950 by China and currently administered by China. | Tibetan Independence Day |
Tonga | 4 Juni | 1970 | Termination of protectorate status under the United Kingdom in 1970. | |
Trinidad and Tobago | 31 Agustus | 1962 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1962. | |
Tunisia | 20 Maret | 1956 | Independence from France in 1956. | |
Turkey | 29 Oktober | 1923 | Foundation of the Republic of Turkey. | Republic Day (Turkey) |
Turkmenistan | 27 Oktober | 1991 | Declaration of independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.[11] | Independence Day (Turkmenistan) |
Tuvalu | 1 Oktober | 1978 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1978. | |
Uganda | 9 Oktober | 1962 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1962. | |
Ukraine | 24 Agustus | 1991 | Declaration of Independence of Ukraine from the Soviet Union in 1991. | Independence Day of Ukraine |
22 Januari | 1919 | Unification of Ukraine on January 22, 1919.[12] | Day of Unity of Ukraine | |
United Arab Emirates | 2 Desember | 1971 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1971. | National Day |
United States | 4 Juli | 1776 | Declaration of Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain (now the United Kingdom) in 1776. | Independence Day or Fourth of July |
Uruguay | 25 Agustus | 1825 | Declaration of independence from the Empire of Brazil and union with the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata. | Declaratoria de la Independencia |
Uzbekistan | 1 September | 1991 | Independence from USSR in 1991. | Independence Day (Uzbekistan) |
Vanuatu | 30 Juli | 1980 | Independence from the United Kingdom and France in 1980. | |
Venezuela | 5 Juli | 1811 | Declaration of independence from Spain in 1811. | |
Vietnam | 2 September | 1945 | Proclamation of independence from Japan and France in 1945. | Independence Day (Vietnam) |
Western Sahara | 27 Februari | 1976 | Declaration of independence from Spain in 1976. But was invaded by Morocco since then. | |
Yemen | 30 November | 1967 | South Yemen Declaration of independence from the United Kingdom in 1967. | |
Zambia | 24 Oktober | 1964 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1964. | |
Zimbabwe | 18 April | 1980 | Independence from the United Kingdom in 1980. |
Lihat juga
Referensi
- Umum
- "National holiday of member states". United Nations. Diakses tanggal June 14, 2011.
- Spesiifik
- ^ "detikNews - Berita hari ini di Indonesia dan Internasional".
- ^ Xiaoyuan Liu – Reins of Liberation, p.6
- ^ Stephen Kotkin, Bruce A. Elleman – Mongolia in the twentieth century: landlocked cosmopolitan, p.74
- ^ David Sneath – The Headless State: Aristocratic Orders, Kinship Society, and Misrepresentations of Nomadic Inner Asia, p.36
- ^ Duke University. School of Law – Unification of law, 1965, Volume 30, p.282
- ^ "Paraguay Independence Day".
- ^ Diosdado Macapagal, Proclamation No. 28 Declaring June 12 as Philippine Independence Day, Philippine History Group of Los Angeles, diakses tanggal November 11, 2009
- ^ "Republic Act No. 4166". August 4, 1964. Diakses tanggal August 5, 2009.
- ^ In 1962, President Diosdado Macapagal signed a proclamation which declared Tuesday, June 12, 1962 as a special public holiday in commemoration of the declaration of independence from Spain on that date in 1898. That proclamation did not move the date of the Independence Day holiday in the Philippines.[7] The date of the holiday was moved in 1964, with the signing of Republic Act No. 4166.[8]
- ^ The country's original independence (from the Kingdom of León) occurred in June 24, 1128 (Battle of São Mamede) and was recognized on October 5, 1143. That day is a holiday in Portugal, but for a different reason. (Implantation of the Republic, or Republic Day. Event of 1910.) Note that none of these events are similar to today's declarations or recognition of independence as these are in fact the recognition of the rule of a king to the land. Portugal existed as a separate entity before 1143 and during the union with Spain between 1580 and 1640.
- ^ Edgar, Adrienne Lynn (2004). Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan. Princeton: Princeton University Press. hlm. 1. ISBN 0-691-11775-6.
On October 27, 1991, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic declared its independence from the Soviet Union.
- ^ "Holidays". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-24.