Perang Salib Pertama
Tampilan
Perang Salib Pertama dilancarkan pada 1095 oleh Paus Urban II untuk mengambil kuasa kota suci Yerusalem dan Tanah Suci Kristen dari Muslim. Apa yang dimulai sebagai panggilan kecil untuk meminta bantuan dengan cepat berubah menjadi migrasi dan penaklukan keseluruhan wilayah di luar Eropa.
Baik ksatria dan orang awam dari banyak negara di Eropa barat, dengan sedikit pimpinan terpusat, berjalan melalui tanah dan laut menuju Yerusalem dan menangkap kota tersebut pada Juli 1099, mendirikan Kerajaan Yerusalem dan beberapa negara Perang Salib lainnya. Meskipun penguasaan ini hanya berakhir kurang dari dua ratus tahun, Perang salib merupakan titik balik penguasaan dunia Barat, dan satu-satunya yang berhasil meraih tujuannya.
Sumber terpilih dan bacaan lebih lanjut
Sumber utama
- Albert of Aix, Historia Hierosolymitana
- Anna Comnena, The Alexiad
- Guibert of Nogent, Dei gesta per Francos
- Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana
- Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum (anonymous)
- Peter Tudebode, Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere
- Raymond of Aguilers, Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem
Sumber online utama
- Selected letters by Crusaders:
- Anselme of Ribemont, Anselme of Ribemont, Letter to Manasses II, Archbishop of Reims (1098)
- Stephen, Count of Blois and Chartres, Letter to his wife, Adele (1098)
- Daimbert, Godfrey and Raymond, Letter to the Pope, (1099)
- Online primary sources from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook
- Peter the Hermit and the Popular Crusade: Collected Accounts.
- The Crusaders Journey to Constantinople: Collected Accounts.
- The Crusaders at Constantinople: Collected Accounts.
- The Siege and Capture of Nicea: Collected Accounts.
- The Siege and Capture of Antioch: Collected Accounts.
- The Siege and Capture of Jerusalem: Collected Accounts.
- Fulcher of Chartres: The Capture of Jerusalem, 1099.
- Ekkehard of Aura: On the Opening of the First Crusade.
- Albert of Aix and Ekkehard of Aura: Emico and the Slaughter of the Rhineland Jews.
- Soloman bar Samson: The Crusaders in Mainz, attacks on Rhineland Jewry.
- Ali ibn Tahir Al-Sulami (d. 1106): Kitab al-Jihad (extracts). First known Islamic discussion of the concept of jihad written in the aftermath of the First Crusade.
Sumber sekunder
- Asbridge, Thomas. The First Crusade: A New History. Oxford: 2004. ISBN 0195178238.
- Bartlett, Robert. The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Exchange, 950–1350. Princeton: 1993.
- Chazan, Robert. In the Year 1096: The First Crusade and the Jews. Jewish Publication Society, 1997. ISBN 0827605757.
- Hillenbrand, Carole. The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0415929148.
- Holt, P.M. The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517. Longman, 1989. ISBN 0582493021.
- Mayer, Hans Eberhard. The Crusades. John Gillingham, translator. Oxford: 1988. ISBN 0198730977.
- Riley-Smith, Jonathan. The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. University of Pennsylvania: 1991. ISBN 0812213637.
- Riley-Smith, Jonathan, editor. The Oxford History of the Crusades. Oxford: 2002. ISBN 0192803123.
- Runciman, Steven. The First Crusaders, 1095–1131, Cambridge: 1998. ISBN 0521646030.
- Setton, Kenneth, editor. A History of the Crusades. Madison: 1969–1989 (available online).
Bibliografi
- Bibliography of the First Crusade (1095-1099) compiled by Alan V. Murray, Institute for Medieval Studies, University of Leeds. Extensive and up to date as of 2004.