Politik sayap kiri: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 1 Juli 2024 11.17

Pembukaan États Généraux 1789 yang digelar pada tanggal 5 Mei 1789 di Versailles

Politik sayap kiri merupakan spektrum politik yang mendukung kesetaraan sosial dan egalitarianisme, dan seringkali berlawanan dengan sistem hierarki sosial ala sayap kanan.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Politik sayap kiri biasanya melibatkan kepedulian terhadap orang-orang di masyarakat yang oleh penganutnya dianggap sebagai pihak yang kurang beruntung dibandingkan dengan orang lain, serta keyakinan bahwa ada ketidaksetaraan yang tidak dapat dibenarkan yang perlu dikurangi atau dihapuskan.^[1] Menurut profesor emeritus ekonomi Barry Clark, pendukung sayap kiri "mengklaim bahwa perkembangan manusia akan terjadi ketika para individu terlibat dalam kerja sama–hubungan saling menghormati–yang hanya dapat berkembang ketika perbedaan yang berlebihan dalam status, kekuasaan, dan kekayaan dihilangkan."^[5]

Di dalam spektrum politik kiri–kanan, istilah Kiri dan Kanan diciptakan selama Revolusi Prancis, mengacu pada pengaturan tempat duduk di États Généraux Prancis. Mereka yang duduk di kiri umumnya menentang Ancien Régime dan monarki Bourbon serta mendukung Revolusi Prancis, pembentukan republik demokratis, dan sekularisasi masyarakat,^[6] sementara mereka yang di kanan mendukung institusi tradisional Ancien Régime. Penggunaan istilah Kiri menjadi lebih menonjol setelah pemulihan monarki Prancis pada tahun 1815, ketika istilah tersebut diterapkan pada kaum Independen.^[7] Kata "sayap" pertama kali ditambahkan ke dalam istilah Kiri dan Kanan pada akhir abad ke-19 (biasanya dengan maksud merendahkan), dan istilah "sayap kiri" diterapkan pada mereka yang memiliki pandangan agama dan politik yang tidak lazim.

Istilah Kiri kemudian diterapkan pada sejumlah gerakan, seperti gerakan republikanisme di Prancis selama abad ke-18, diikuti oleh sosialisme,^[8] termasuk anarkisme, komunisme, gerakan buruh, Marxisme, demokrasi sosial dan sindikalisme pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20.^[9] Sejak itu, istilah "sayap kiri" telah diterapkan pada berbagai gerakan,^[10] termasuk gerakan hak-hak sipil, gerakan feminis, gerakan hak aborsi, multikulturalisme, gerakan anti-perang dan gerakan lingkungan hidup,^[11]^[12] serta beragam ideologi partai politik.^[13]^[14]^[15]

Lihat pula

Ideologi sayap kiri

Isu-isu sayap kiri

Organisasi

Topik-topik politik terkait

Gerakan sosial baru
Neo Liberalisme
Spektrum politik—membahas bermacam-macam pandangan dari berbagai penulis mengenai manfaat (atau kesia-siaan) dari dikotomi Kiri/Kanan dan tentang spektrum alternatifnya.
Politik sayap kanan
Politik sayap kiri kanan—membahas bermacam-macam pengertian dari berbagai penulis ketika mereka menggunakan istilah "kiri" dan "kanan" dalam konteks politik.
Sosialisme Kristen

Referensi

^ ^a ^b Smith, T. Alexander; Tatalovich, Raymond (2003). Cultures at War: Moral Conflicts in Western Democracies. Toronto, Canada: Broadview Press. hlm. 30. ISBN 9781551113340.
^ Bobbio, Norberto; Cameron, Allan (1997). Left and Right: The Significance of a Political Distinction. University of Chicago Press. hlm. 37.
^ Ball, Terence (2005). The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought (edisi ke-Reprint.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 614. ISBN 9780521563543. Diakses tanggal 15 November 2016.
^ Thompson, Willie (1997). The Left In History: Revolution and Reform in Twentieth-Century Politic. London: Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0745308913.
^ Clark, Barry (1998). Political Economy: A Comparative Approach. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Press. ISBN 9780275958695.
^ Knapp, Andrew; Wright, Vincent (2006). The government and politics of France (edisi ke-5th). London [u.a.]: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35732-6. the government and politics of france.
^ Gauchet, Marcel (1996). "Right and Left". Dalam Nora, Pierre. Realms of memory: conflicts and divisions. hlm. 248.
^ Maass, Alan; Zinn, Howard (2010). The Case for Socialism (edisi ke-Revised). Haymarket Books. hlm. 164. ISBN 978-1608460731. The International Socialist Review is one of the best left-wing journals around...
^ Schmidt, Michael; Van der Walt, Lucien (2009). Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism. Counter-Power. 1. AK Press. hlm. 128. ISBN 978-1-904859-16-1. [...] anarchism is a coherent intellectual and political current dating back to the 1860s and the First International, and part of the labour and left tradition.
^ Revel, Jean Francois (2009). Last Exit to Utopia. Encounter Books. hlm. 24. ISBN 978-1594032646. In the United States, the word liberal is often used to describe the left wing of the Democratic party.
^ Neumayer, Eric (2004). "The environment, left-wing political orientation, and ecological economics" (PDF). Ecological Economics. 51 (3–4): 167–175. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.06.006.
^ Barry, John (2002). International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0415202855. All surveys confirm that environmental concern is associated with green voting...[I]n subsequent European elections, green voters have tended to be more left-leaning...the party is capable of motivating its core supporters as well as other environmentally minded voters of predominantly left-wing persuasion...
^ "Democratic socialism" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2 September 2006. Diakses tanggal 3 June 2017.
^ Harvey, Fiona (5 September 2014). "Green party to position itself as the real left of UK politics". The Guardian.
^ Arnold, N. Scott (2009). Imposing values: an essay on liberalism and regulation. Florence: Oxford University Press. hlm. 3. ISBN 978-0-495-50112-1. Modern liberalism occupies the left-of-center in the traditional political spectrum and is represented by the Democratic Party in the United States, the Labor Party in the United Kingdom, and the mainstream Left (including some nominally socialist parties) in other advanced democratic societies.

Bacaan lanjutan

Encyclopedia of the American Left, ed. by Mari Jo Buhle, Paul Buhle, Dan Georgakas, Second Edition, Oxford University Press 1998, ISBN 0-19-512088-4.
Lin Chun, The British New Left, Edinburgh : Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1993.
Geoff Eley, Forging Democracy: The History of the Left in Europe, 1850–2000, Oxford University Press 2002, ISBN 0-19-504479-7.
"Leftism in India, 1917–1947", Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri, Palgrave Macmillan, UK, 2007, ISBN 978-0-230-51716-5.

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[Smith-1] Smith, T. Alexander; Tatalovich, Raymond (2003). Cultures at War: Moral Conflicts in Western Democracies. Toronto, Canada: Broadview Press. hlm. 30. ISBN 9781551113340.

[2] Bobbio, Norberto; Cameron, Allan (1997). Left and Right: The Significance of a Political Distinction. University of Chicago Press. hlm. 37.

[Lukes-3] Ball, Terence (2005). The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought (edisi ke-Reprint.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 614. ISBN 9780521563543. Diakses tanggal 15 November 2016.

[4] Thompson, Willie (1997). The Left In History: Revolution and Reform in Twentieth-Century Politic. London: Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0745308913.

[5] Clark, Barry (1998). Political Economy: A Comparative Approach. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Press. ISBN 9780275958695.

[Knapp-6] Knapp, Andrew; Wright, Vincent (2006). The government and politics of France (edisi ke-5th). London [u.a.]: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35732-6. the government and politics of france.

[7] Gauchet, Marcel (1996). "Right and Left". Dalam Nora, Pierre. Realms of memory: conflicts and divisions. hlm. 248.

[8] Maass, Alan; Zinn, Howard (2010). The Case for Socialism (edisi ke-Revised). Haymarket Books. hlm. 164. ISBN 978-1608460731. The International Socialist Review is one of the best left-wing journals around...

[9] Schmidt, Michael; Van der Walt, Lucien (2009). Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism. Counter-Power. 1. AK Press. hlm. 128. ISBN 978-1-904859-16-1. [...] anarchism is a coherent intellectual and political current dating back to the 1860s and the First International, and part of the labour and left tradition.

[10] Revel, Jean Francois (2009). Last Exit to Utopia. Encounter Books. hlm. 24. ISBN 978-1594032646. In the United States, the word liberal is often used to describe the left wing of the Democratic party.

[11] Neumayer, Eric (2004). "The environment, left-wing political orientation, and ecological economics" (PDF). Ecological Economics. 51 (3–4): 167–175. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.06.006.

[12] Barry, John (2002). International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0415202855. All surveys confirm that environmental concern is associated with green voting...[I]n subsequent European elections, green voters have tended to be more left-leaning...the party is capable of motivating its core supporters as well as other environmentally minded voters of predominantly left-wing persuasion...

[13] "Democratic socialism" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2 September 2006. Diakses tanggal 3 June 2017.

[14] Harvey, Fiona (5 September 2014). "Green party to position itself as the real left of UK politics". The Guardian.

[sarnold-15] Arnold, N. Scott (2009). Imposing values: an essay on liberalism and regulation. Florence: Oxford University Press. hlm. 3. ISBN 978-0-495-50112-1. Modern liberalism occupies the left-of-center in the traditional political spectrum and is represented by the Democratic Party in the United States, the Labor Party in the United Kingdom, and the mainstream Left (including some nominally socialist parties) in other advanced democratic societies.

[1]

[2]

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[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

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[9]

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[14]

[15]

@@ Baris 2: / Baris 2: @@
 [[File:Estatesgeneral.jpg|thumb|275px|Pembukaan [[États Généraux 1789]] yang digelar pada tanggal 5 Mei 1789 di Versailles]]
 [[File:1912 Lawrence Textile Strike 1.jpg|thumb|275px|Para pengunjuk rasa serikat buruh ketika [[mogok kerja tekstil Lawrence]] tahun 1912]]
 {{party politics}}
 '''Politik sayap kiri''' merupakan spektrum politik yang mendukung [[kesetaraan sosial]] dan [[egalitarianisme]], dan seringkali berlawanan dengan sistem [[hierarki sosial]] ala sayap kanan.<ref name="Smith">{{cite book|author-last1=Smith |author-first1=T. Alexander |author-first2=Raymond |author-last2=Tatalovich |title=Cultures at War: Moral Conflicts in Western Democracies |url=https://archive.org/details/culturesatwarmor0000smit |url-access=registration |location=Toronto, Canada |publisher=Broadview Press |year=2003 |page=[https://archive.org/details/culturesatwarmor0000smit/page/30 30] |isbn=9781551113340}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-last1=Bobbio |author-first1=Norberto |author-first2=Allan |author-last2=Cameron |title=Left and Right: The Significance of a Political Distinction |url=https://archive.org/details/leftrightsignifi00bobb |url-access=limited |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1997 |page=[https://archive.org/details/leftrightsignifi00bobb/page/n58 37]}}</ref><ref name="Lukes">{{cite book|author-last1=Ball |author-first1=Terence |title=The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought |date=2005 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |isbn=9780521563543 |edition=Reprint. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1h4_NqTOFoC&q=The+Cambridge+History+of+Twentieth-Century+Political+Thought |access-date=15 November 2016 |page=614}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-last1=Thompson |author-first1=Willie |title=The Left In History: Revolution and Reform in Twentieth-Century Politic |date=1997 |publisher=[[Pluto Press]] |location=London |isbn=978-0745308913}}</ref> Politik sayap kiri biasanya melibatkan kepedulian terhadap orang-orang di masyarakat yang oleh penganutnya dianggap sebagai pihak yang kurang beruntung dibandingkan dengan orang lain, serta keyakinan bahwa ada ketidaksetaraan yang tidak dapat dibenarkan yang perlu dikurangi atau dihapuskan.<ref name="Smith"/> Menurut profesor emeritus ekonomi Barry Clark, pendukung sayap kiri "mengklaim bahwa perkembangan manusia akan terjadi ketika para individu terlibat dalam kerja sama–hubungan saling menghormati–yang hanya dapat berkembang ketika perbedaan yang berlebihan dalam status, kekuasaan, dan kekayaan dihilangkan."<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Clark |author-first=Barry |date=1998 |title=Political Economy: A Comparative Approach |location=Westport, Connecticut |publisher=[[Praeger Press]] |isbn=9780275958695}}</ref>
-Di dalam [[kiri dan kanan (politik)|spektrum politik kiri–kanan]], istilah ''Kiri'' dan ''[[politik sayap kanan|Kanan]]'' diciptakan selama [[Revolusi Prancis]], mengacu pada pengaturan tempat duduk di [[États généraux|États Généraux]] Prancis. Mereka yang duduk di kiri umumnya menentang [[Ancien Régime]] dan [[monarki]] [[Wangsa Bourbon|Bourbon]] serta mendukung Revolusi Prancis, pembentukan [[republik]] [[demokrat]]is, dan [[sekularisasi]] masyarakat,<ref name="Knapp">{{cite book|author-last1=Knapp |author-first1=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/governmentpoliti0000knap |title=The government and politics of France |author-last2=Wright |author-first2=Vincent |date=2006 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-35732-6 |edition=5th |location=London [u.a.] |quote=the government and politics of france.|url-access=registration}}</ref> sementara mereka yang di kanan mendukung institusi tradisional Ancien Régime. Penggunaan istilah ''Kiri'' menjadi lebih menonjol setelah pemulihan monarki Prancis pada tahun 1815, ketika istilah tersebut diterapkan pada kaum ''Independen''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Realms of memory: conflicts and divisions |date=1996 |editor-first=Pierre |editor-last=Nora |chapter=Right and Left |author-first=Marcel |author-last=Gauchet |pages=248}}</ref> Kata "sayap" pertama kali ditambahkan ke dalam istilah ''Kiri'' dan ''Kanan'' pada akhir abad ke-19 (biasanya dengan maksud merendahkan), dan istilah "sayap kiri" diterapkan pada mereka yang memiliki pandangan agama dan politik yang tidak lazim.
+Di dalam [[kiri dan kanan (politik)|spektrum politik kiri–kanan]], istilah ''Kiri'' dan ''[[politik sayap kanan|Kanan]]'' diciptakan selama [[Revolusi Prancis]], mengacu pada pengaturan tempat duduk di [[États généraux|États Généraux]] Prancis. Mereka yang duduk di kiri umumnya menentang [[Ancien Régime]] dan [[monarki]] [[Wangsa Bourbon|Bourbon]] serta mendukung Revolusi Prancis, pembentukan [[republik]] [[demokrat]]is, dan [[sekularisasi]] masyarakat,<ref name="Knapp">{{cite book|author-last1=Knapp |author-first1=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/governmentpoliti0000knap |title=The government and politics of France |author-last2=Wright |author-first2=Vincent |date=2006 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-35732-6 |edition=5th |location=London [u.a.] |quote=the government and politics of france.|url-access=registration}}</ref> sementara mereka yang di kanan mendukung institusi tradisional Ancien Régime. Penggunaan istilah ''Kiri'' menjadi lebih menonjol setelah pemulihan monarki Prancis pada tahun 1815, ketika istilah tersebut diterapkan pada kaum ''Independen''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Realms of memory: conflicts and divisions |url=https://archive.org/details/realmsofmemory00colu |date=1996 |editor-first=Pierre |editor-last=Nora |chapter=Right and Left |author-first=Marcel |author-last=Gauchet |pages=[https://archive.org/details/realmsofmemory00colu/page/248 248]}}</ref> Kata "sayap" pertama kali ditambahkan ke dalam istilah ''Kiri'' dan ''Kanan'' pada akhir abad ke-19 (biasanya dengan maksud merendahkan), dan istilah "sayap kiri" diterapkan pada mereka yang memiliki pandangan agama dan politik yang tidak lazim.
-Istilah ''Kiri'' kemudian diterapkan pada sejumlah gerakan, seperti gerakan ''republikanisme'' di Prancis selama abad ke-18, diikuti oleh ''sosialisme'',<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Alan |author-last1=Maass |author-first2=Howard |author-last2=Zinn |author-link2=Howard Zinn |title=The Case for Socialism |quote=The ''International Socialist Review'' is one of the best left-wing journals around... |page=164 |publisher=[[Haymarket Books]] |edition=Revised |year=2010 |isbn=978-1608460731}}</ref> termasuk [[anarkisme]], [[komunisme]], [[gerakan buruh]], [[Marxisme]], [[demokrasi sosial]] dan [[sindikalisme]] pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Michael |author-last1=Schmidt |author-first2=Lucien |author-last2=Van der Walt |author-link2=Lucien van der Walt |title=Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism |series=Counter-Power |volume=1 |publisher=[[AK Press]] |year=2009 |page=128 |quote=[...] anarchism is a coherent intellectual and political current dating back to the 1860s and the First International, and part of the labour and left tradition. |isbn=978-1-904859-16-1}}</ref> Sejak itu, istilah "sayap kiri" telah diterapkan pada berbagai gerakan,<ref>{{cite book|author-first=Jean Francois |author-last=Revel |title=Last Exit to Utopia |quote=In the United States, the word liberal is often used to describe the left wing of the Democratic party. |page=[https://archive.org/details/lastexittoutopia0000reve/page/24 24] |publisher=Encounter Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-1594032646 |url=https://archive.org/details/lastexittoutopia0000reve/page/24}}</ref> termasuk [[Gerakan Hak-Hak Sipil Afrika-Amerika (1955-1968)|gerakan hak-hak sipil]], [[gerakan feminis]], [[gerakan hak-hak LGBT]], [[gerakan hak aborsi]], [[multikulturalisme]], [[gerakan anti-perang]] dan [[gerakan lingkungan hidup]],<ref>{{cite journal|author-first=Eric |author-last=Neumayer |title=The environment, left-wing political orientation, and ecological economics |journal=Ecological Economics |volume=51 |year=2004 |issue=3–4 |pages=167–175 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.06.006 |url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/714/1/EE_51%283-4%29.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first=John |author-last=Barry |title=International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics |quote=All surveys confirm that environmental concern is associated with green voting...[I]n subsequent European elections, green voters have tended to be more left-leaning...the party is capable of motivating its core supporters as well as other environmentally minded voters of predominantly left-wing persuasion... |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0415202855 |url=https://archive.org/details/internationalenc0000unse_a2h7}}</ref> serta beragam ideologi [[partai politik]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/Fleisher/courses/econ508winter06/docs/Democratic_socialism.pdf |title=Democratic socialism |access-date=3 June 2017 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902085146/http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/Fleisher/courses/econ508winter06/docs/Democratic_socialism.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/05/green-party-left-uk-politics-caroline-lucas |title=Green party to position itself as the real left of UK politics |author-first=Fiona |author-last=Harvey |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=5 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="sarnold">{{cite book|author-last=Arnold |author-first=N. Scott |title=Imposing values: an essay on liberalism and regulation |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordclinicalda00libg |url-access=limited |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |location=Florence |isbn=978-0-495-50112-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordclinicalda00libg/page/n15 3] |quote=Modern liberalism occupies the left-of-center in the traditional political spectrum and is represented by the Democratic Party in the United States, the Labor Party in the United Kingdom, and the mainstream Left (including some nominally socialist parties) in other advanced democratic societies.}}</ref>
+Istilah ''Kiri'' kemudian diterapkan pada sejumlah gerakan, seperti gerakan ''republikanisme'' di Prancis selama abad ke-18, diikuti oleh ''sosialisme'',<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Alan |author-last1=Maass |author-first2=Howard |author-last2=Zinn |author-link2=Howard Zinn |title=The Case for Socialism |url=https://archive.org/details/caseforsocialism0000maas |quote=The ''International Socialist Review'' is one of the best left-wing journals around... |page=[https://archive.org/details/caseforsocialism0000maas/page/164 164] |publisher=[[Haymarket Books]] |edition=Revised |year=2010 |isbn=978-1608460731}}</ref> termasuk [[anarkisme]], [[komunisme]], [[gerakan buruh]], [[Marxisme]], [[demokrasi sosial]] dan [[sindikalisme]] pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Michael |author-last1=Schmidt |author-first2=Lucien |author-last2=Van der Walt |author-link2=Lucien van der Walt |title=Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism |series=Counter-Power |volume=1 |publisher=[[AK Press]] |year=2009 |page=128 |quote=[...] anarchism is a coherent intellectual and political current dating back to the 1860s and the First International, and part of the labour and left tradition. |isbn=978-1-904859-16-1}}</ref> Sejak itu, istilah "sayap kiri" telah diterapkan pada berbagai gerakan,<ref>{{cite book|author-first=Jean Francois |author-last=Revel |title=Last Exit to Utopia |quote=In the United States, the word liberal is often used to describe the left wing of the Democratic party. |page=[https://archive.org/details/lastexittoutopia0000reve/page/24 24] |publisher=Encounter Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-1594032646 |url=https://archive.org/details/lastexittoutopia0000reve/page/24}}</ref> termasuk [[Gerakan Hak-Hak Sipil Afrika-Amerika (1955-1968)|gerakan hak-hak sipil]], [[gerakan feminis]], [[gerakan hak aborsi]], [[multikulturalisme]], [[gerakan anti-perang]] dan [[gerakan lingkungan hidup]],<ref>{{cite journal|author-first=Eric |author-last=Neumayer |title=The environment, left-wing political orientation, and ecological economics |journal=Ecological Economics |volume=51 |year=2004 |issue=3–4 |pages=167–175 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.06.006 |url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/714/1/EE_51%283-4%29.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first=John |author-last=Barry |title=International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics |quote=All surveys confirm that environmental concern is associated with green voting...[I]n subsequent European elections, green voters have tended to be more left-leaning...the party is capable of motivating its core supporters as well as other environmentally minded voters of predominantly left-wing persuasion... |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0415202855 |url=https://archive.org/details/internationalenc0000unse_a2h7}}</ref> serta beragam ideologi [[partai politik]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/Fleisher/courses/econ508winter06/docs/Democratic_socialism.pdf |title=Democratic socialism |access-date=3 June 2017 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902085146/http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/Fleisher/courses/econ508winter06/docs/Democratic_socialism.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/05/green-party-left-uk-politics-caroline-lucas |title=Green party to position itself as the real left of UK politics |author-first=Fiona |author-last=Harvey |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=5 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="sarnold">{{cite book|author-last=Arnold |author-first=N. Scott |title=Imposing values: an essay on liberalism and regulation |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordclinicalda00libg |url-access=limited |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |location=Florence |isbn=978-0-495-50112-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordclinicalda00libg/page/n15 3] |quote=Modern liberalism occupies the left-of-center in the traditional political spectrum and is represented by the Democratic Party in the United States, the Labor Party in the United Kingdom, and the mainstream Left (including some nominally socialist parties) in other advanced democratic societies.}}</ref>
 == Lihat pula ==
@@ Baris 41: / Baris 41: @@
 === Organisasi ===
+* [[PKI]]
-* [[American Constitution Society for Law and Policy]]
+* [[SOBSI]]
+* [[BTI]]
+* [[Gerwani]]
+* [[Front Demokrasi Rakyat]]
 === Topik-topik politik terkait ===
@@ Baris 48: / Baris 52: @@
 * [[Spektrum politik]]—membahas bermacam-macam pandangan dari berbagai penulis mengenai manfaat (atau kesia-siaan) dari dikotomi Kiri/Kanan dan tentang spektrum alternatifnya.
 * [[Politik sayap kanan]]
-* [[Politik kiri kanan]]—membahas bermacam-macam pengertian dari berbagai penulis ketika mereka menggunakan istilah "kiri" dan "kanan" dalam konteks politik.
+* [[Politik sayap kiri kanan]]—membahas bermacam-macam pengertian dari berbagai penulis ketika mereka menggunakan istilah "kiri" dan "kanan" dalam konteks politik.
 * [[Sosialisme Kristen]]
@@ Baris 54: / Baris 58: @@
 {{reflist|30em}}
-== Pranala luar ==
+== Bacaan lanjutan ==
+* ''Encyclopedia of the American Left'', ed. by [[Mari Jo Buhle]], [[Paul Buhle]], [[Dan Georgakas]], Second Edition, Oxford University Press 1998, {{ISBN|0-19-512088-4}}.
-* {{en}} [http://www.civicactions.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?2004_Progressive_House_And_Senate_Races US Progressive Candidates of 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231172559/http://www.civicactions.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?2004_Progressive_House_And_Senate_Races |date=2005-12-31 }} para calon progresif yang mencalonkan diri untuk pemilihan anggota Dewan Perwakilan dan Senat pada 2004
+* Lin Chun, ''The British New Left'', Edinburgh : Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1993.
-* {{en}} {{id}} [http://www.marxists.org/ The Marxists Internet Archive] (perpustakaan Marxis online gratis)
+* Geoff Eley, ''Forging Democracy: The History of the Left in Europe, 1850–2000'', Oxford University Press 2002, {{ISBN|0-19-504479-7}}.
-* {{en}} [http://www.politicalcompass.org/ The Political Compass] pandangan alternatif tentang spektrum politik
+* "Leftism in India, 1917–1947", [[Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri]], Palgrave Macmillan, UK, 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-230-51716-5}}.
-* {{en}} [http://www.socialistinternational.org/ Situs resmi dari Sosialis Internasional]
-* {{en}} [http://www.broadleft.org/ Leftist Parties of the World] Daftar partai dan organisasi sayap kiri dunia saat ini, dengan pranala ke situs mereka.
-{{ideologies}}
+{{-}}
+{{political spectrum|state=collapsed}}
-{{komunisme bawah}}
-{{Spektrum politik}}
+{{political ideologies}}
+{{subject bar|portal1=Politik|portal2=Sosialisme|portal3=Masyarakat|wikt=yes|commons=yes|commons-search=Category:Left-wing politics|n=yes|n-search=yes|q=yes|s=yes|s-search=Portal:Sosialisme|b=yes|d=yes|d-search=Q164597}}
+{{authority control}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Left-Wing Politics}}
 [[Kategori:Politik sayap kiri]]
 [[Kategori:Spektrum politik]]

l b s Spektrum politik
Anti-Kemapanan Kolektivisme Komunitarianisme Kemapanan Individualisme Garis Keras Populisme Radikalisme Triangulasi
Kiri dan Kanan Revolusioner Ultra Kiri Kiri jauh Sayap Kiri Kiri tengah Tengah Tengah Radikal Kanan Tengah Sayap Kanan Kanan Jauh Reaksioner
Posisi politik Kiri Anti-Stalinis Kiri Baru Posisi Ketiga Jalan Ketiga Tengah Radikal Kanan Baru Posisi Ketiga
Ideologi politik Anarkisme Komunisme Marxisme Sosialisme Buruhisme Sosialisme demokratis Demokrasi Sosial Liberalisme Liberalisme sosial Demokrasi Islam Demokrasi Kristen Konservatisme Nasionalisme Fasisme Nazisme
Politik religius Sosialisme Buddhis Kiri Kristen Kiri Yahudi Sosialisme Islam Kanan Kristen Hindutva Islamisme Zionisme Relijius
Model Teori tapal kuda Spektrum Politik Kiri-Kanan Grafik Nolan Spektrum Politik Terbuka-Tertutup Kompas politik Grafik Pournelle
Lihat pula Anti-otoritarianisme Libertarianisme Sindikalisme Progresivisme Politik hijau Politik identitas Korporatisme Otoritarianisme Totaliterisme

l b s Ideologi politik
Kiri dan kanan Sayap kiri Sentrisme Sayap kanan
Anarkisme Sosial Kapitalisme Demokrasi Kristen Kolektivisme Komunalisme Komunisme Komunitarianisme Konservatisme Konstitusionalisme Distributisme Environmentalisme Ekstremisme Fanatisisme Fasisme Feminisme Fundamentalisme Globalisme Politik hijau Individualisme Industrialisme Intelektualisme Islam (Islamisme) Liberalisme Libertarianisme Maskulisme Militerisme Monarkisme Nasionalisme Progresivisme (Konservatisme progresif) Radikalisme Rashisme Reformisme Republikanisme Demokrasi sosial Sosialisme Utilitarianisme
Terkait: Daftar ideologi politik

Pengawasan otoritas
Umum	Integrated Authority File (Jerman)
Perpustakaan nasional	Prancis (data) Jepang Republik Ceko
Lain-lain	Microsoft Academic SUDOC (Prancis) 1