Kesenjangan digital: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Bacaan lanjutan == |
== Bacaan lanjutan == |
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* [http://www.ntia.doc.gov/Ntiahome/Fttn99/ "Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide"] ([http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn99/fttn.pdf PDF]), [[National Telecommunications and Information Administration|NTIS, U.S. Department of Commerce]], July 1999. |
* [http://www.ntia.doc.gov/Ntiahome/Fttn99/ "Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209053123/http://www.ntia.doc.gov/Ntiahome/Fttn99/ |date=2010-02-09 }} ([http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn99/fttn.pdf PDF]), [[National Telecommunications and Information Administration|NTIS, U.S. Department of Commerce]], July 1999. |
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* DiMaggio, P. & Hargittai, E. (2001). [http://www.princeton.edu/~artspol/workpap/WP15%20-%20DiMaggio%2BHargittai.pdf "From the 'Digital Divide' to 'Digital Inequality': Studying Internet Use as Penetration Increases"], Working Paper No. 15, Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. Retrieved May 31, 2009. |
* DiMaggio, P. & Hargittai, E. (2001). [http://www.princeton.edu/~artspol/workpap/WP15%20-%20DiMaggio%2BHargittai.pdf "From the 'Digital Divide' to 'Digital Inequality': Studying Internet Use as Penetration Increases"], Working Paper No. 15, Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. Retrieved May 31, 2009. |
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* Foulger, D. (2001). [http://evolutionarymedia.com/papers/digitalDivide.htm "Seven bridges over the global digital divide"]. IAMCR & ICA Symposium on Digital Divide, November 2001. Retrieved July 17, 2009. |
* Foulger, D. (2001). [http://evolutionarymedia.com/papers/digitalDivide.htm "Seven bridges over the global digital divide"]. IAMCR & ICA Symposium on Digital Divide, November 2001. Retrieved July 17, 2009. |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Chen | first1 = W. | last2 = Wellman | first2 = B. | year = 2004 | title = The global digital divide within and between countries | url = http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:S4jAhm9hfqUJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=0,23 | journal = IT & Society | volume = 1 | issue = 7| pages = 39–45 }} |
* {{cite journal | last1 = Chen | first1 = W. | last2 = Wellman | first2 = B. | year = 2004 | title = The global digital divide within and between countries | url = http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:S4jAhm9hfqUJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=0,23 | journal = IT & Society | volume = 1 | issue = 7| pages = 39–45 }} |
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* [http://www.ntia.doc.gov/Ntiahome/Fttn99/ "A Nation Online: Entering the Broadband Age"], [[National Telecommunications and Information Administration|NTIS, U.S. Department of Commerce]], September 2004. |
* [http://www.ntia.doc.gov/Ntiahome/Fttn99/ "A Nation Online: Entering the Broadband Age"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209053123/http://www.ntia.doc.gov/Ntiahome/Fttn99/ |date=2010-02-09 }}, [[National Telecommunications and Information Administration|NTIS, U.S. Department of Commerce]], September 2004. |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = James | first1 = J | year = 2005 | title = The global digital divide in the Internet: developed countries constructs and Third World realities | url = http://jis.sagepub.com/content/31/2/114.short | journal = Journal of Information Science | volume = 31 | issue = 2| pages = 114–23 | doi = 10.1177/0165551505050788 }} |
* {{cite journal | last1 = James | first1 = J | year = 2005 | title = The global digital divide in the Internet: developed countries constructs and Third World realities | url = http://jis.sagepub.com/content/31/2/114.short | journal = Journal of Information Science | volume = 31 | issue = 2| pages = 114–23 | doi = 10.1177/0165551505050788 }} |
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* Rumiany, D. (2007). [http://www.globalenvision.org/library/7/1406 "Reducing the Global Digital Divide in Sub-Saharan Africa"]. Posted on Global Envision with permission from Development Gateway, January 8, 2007. Retrieved July 17, 2009. |
* Rumiany, D. (2007). [http://www.globalenvision.org/library/7/1406 "Reducing the Global Digital Divide in Sub-Saharan Africa"]. Posted on Global Envision with permission from Development Gateway, January 8, 2007. Retrieved July 17, 2009. |
Revisi per 28 Maret 2021 17.54
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Kesenjangan digital adalah kesenjangan ekonomi dan sosial terkait akses, penggunaan, atau dampak teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK).[1] Kesenjangan antara antarnegara (seperti kesenjangan digital di Amerika Serikat) dapat mengacu kepada kesenjangan antar individu, rumah tangga, bisnis, atau wilayah geografis, biasanya dengan tingkat sosial-ekonomi yang berbeda atau kategori demografi lain. Kesenjangan antarnegara atau kawasan dunia disebut kesenjangan digital global,[1][2] yaitu kesenjangan teknologi antara negara berkembang dan negara maju di tingkat internasional.[3]
Lihat pula
Sumber pustaka mengenai Kesenjangan digital |
- Kesenjangan prestasi
- Civic Opportunity Gap
- Teknologi komputer untuk wilayah berkembang
- Kesenjangan digital di Cina
- Kesenjangan digital di Afrika Selatan
- Kesenjangan digital di Amerika Serikat
- Hak digital
- Hari Masyarakat Digital
- Penggunaan Internet global
- Masyarakat informasi
- Komunikasi internasional
- Geografi Internet
- Kesenjangan pengetahuan
- Daftar negara menurut kecepatan koneksi Internet
- Rencana pita lebar nasional di seluruh dunia
- One Laptop per Child
- Rural Internet
- World Summit on the Information Society
- Wadah pemikir bidang kesenjangan digital
- Center for Digital Inclusion
- Close the Gap International VZW
- Digital Textbook
- Inveneo
- TechChange
- United Nations Information and Communication Technologies Task Force
Referensi
- ^ a b U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). (1995). Falling through the net: A survey of the have nots in rural and urban America.. Retrieved from http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fallingthru.html.
- ^ Norris, P. (2001). Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty and the Internet Worldwide. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Chinn, Menzie D. and Robert W. Fairlie. (2004). The Determinants of the Global Digital Divide: A Cross-Country Analysis of Computer and Internet Penetration. Economic Growth Center. Retrieved from http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp881.pdf.
Daftar pustaka
- Azam, M. (2007). "Working together toward the inclusive digital world". Digital Opportunity Forum. Unpublished manuscript. Retrieved July 17, 2009, from http://www.dof.or.kr/pdf/Bangladesh%5BPPT%5D.pdf [pranala nonaktif]
- Borland, J. (1998, April 13). "Move Over Megamalls, Cyberspace Is the Great Retailing Equalizer". Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News.
- Brynjolfsson, Erik and Michael D. Smith (2000). "The great equalizer? Consumer choice behavior at Internet shopbots". Sloan Working Paper 4208-01. eBusiness@MIT Working Paper 137. July 2000. Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
- James, J. (2004). Information Technology and Development: A new paradigm for delivering the Internet to rural areas in developing countries. New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32632-X (print). ISBN 0-203-32550-8 (e-book).
- World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), 2005. "What's the state of ICT access around the world?" Retrieved July 17, 2009.
- World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), 2008. "ICTs in Africa: Digital Divide to Digital Opportunity". Retrieved July 17, 2009.
Bacaan lanjutan
- "Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide" Diarsipkan 2010-02-09 di Wayback Machine. (PDF), NTIS, U.S. Department of Commerce, July 1999.
- DiMaggio, P. & Hargittai, E. (2001). "From the 'Digital Divide' to 'Digital Inequality': Studying Internet Use as Penetration Increases", Working Paper No. 15, Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
- Foulger, D. (2001). "Seven bridges over the global digital divide". IAMCR & ICA Symposium on Digital Divide, November 2001. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
- Chen, W.; Wellman, B. (2004). "The global digital divide within and between countries". IT & Society. 1 (7): 39–45.
- "A Nation Online: Entering the Broadband Age" Diarsipkan 2010-02-09 di Wayback Machine., NTIS, U.S. Department of Commerce, September 2004.
- James, J (2005). "The global digital divide in the Internet: developed countries constructs and Third World realities". Journal of Information Science. 31 (2): 114–23. doi:10.1177/0165551505050788.
- Rumiany, D. (2007). "Reducing the Global Digital Divide in Sub-Saharan Africa". Posted on Global Envision with permission from Development Gateway, January 8, 2007. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
- Madon, S., Reinhard, N., Roode, D., & Walsham, G. (2007). "Digital inclusion projects in developing countries: Processes of institutionalization". Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Social Implications of Computers in Developing Countries, São Paulo, Brazil, May 2007. Retrieved July 13, 2009.
- "Telecom use at the Bottom of the Pyramid 2 (use of telecom services and ICTs in emerging Asia)", LIRNEasia, 2007.
- "Telecom use at the Bottom of the Pyramid 3 (Mobile2.0 applications, migrant workers in emerging Asia)", LIRNEasia, 2008-09.
- "São Paulo Special: Bridging Brazil's digital divide", Digital Planet, BBC World Service, 2 October 2008.
- Graham, M. (2009). "Global Placemark Intensity: The Digital Divide Within Web 2.0 Data", Floatingsheep Blog.
- Graham, M (2011). "Time Machines and Virtual Portals: The Spatialities of the Digital Divide". Progress in Development Studies. 11 (3): 211–227. doi:10.1177/146499341001100303.
Pranala luar
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png)
Wikibooks memiliki buku di:
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png)
Wikibooks memiliki buku di:
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png)
Wikibooks memiliki buku di:
- E-inclusion, an initiative of the European Commission to ensure that "no one is left behind" in enjoying the benefits of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).
- eEurope - An information society for all, a political initiative of the European Union.
- Digital Inclusion Network, an online exchange on topics related to the digital divide and digital inclusion, E-Democracy.org.
- Profiles of Innovators and Leaders Who Make a Difference (PDF). Expanding Digital Opportunity in New York City Public Schools. Committee on Technology in Government, New York City Council. June 2004.
- "The Digital Divide Within Education Caused by the Internet", Benjamin Todd, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, Canada, Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences, Volume 11 (2012).
- Statistics from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
- Mobile Phones and Access is an animated video produced by TechChange and USAID which explores issues of access related to global mobile phone usage.
- § Digital Divide Measure