Biologi dan orientasi seksual: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Rescuing 8 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 |
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 |
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* Anders Agmo [http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/712200/description#description Functional and dysfunctional sexual behavior] Elsevier 2007 |
* Anders Agmo [http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/712200/description#description Functional and dysfunctional sexual behavior] Elsevier 2007 |
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* Serge Wunsch [http://psychobiologie.ouvaton.org/telechargement/these_comportement_reproduction.pdf PhD thesis about sexual behavior] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214090032/http://psychobiologie.ouvaton.org/telechargement/these_comportement_reproduction.pdf |date=2010-12-14 }} Paris [http://www.ephe.sorbonne.fr/ Sorbonne] 2007 |
* Serge Wunsch [http://psychobiologie.ouvaton.org/telechargement/these_comportement_reproduction.pdf PhD thesis about sexual behavior] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214090032/http://psychobiologie.ouvaton.org/telechargement/these_comportement_reproduction.pdf |date=2010-12-14 }} Paris [http://www.ephe.sorbonne.fr/ Sorbonne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924151738/http://www.ephe.sorbonne.fr/ |date=2008-09-24 }} 2007 |
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* BBC (April 23, 1999). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_325000/325979.stm Doubt cast on 'gay gene']. ''BBC News''. |
* BBC (April 23, 1999). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_325000/325979.stm Doubt cast on 'gay gene']. ''BBC News''. |
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* Articles by Dr. [[Daryl Bem]] will be found at [http://dbem.ws/online_pubs.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051229173501/http://dbem.ws/online_pubs.html |date=2005-12-29 }}, including several on his EBE theory |
* Articles by Dr. [[Daryl Bem]] will be found at [http://dbem.ws/online_pubs.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051229173501/http://dbem.ws/online_pubs.html |date=2005-12-29 }}, including several on his EBE theory |
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Revisi per 27 April 2021 15.52
| Orientasi seksual |
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| Berbagai orientasi seksual |
| Kategori non-biner |
| Penelitian |
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Hubungan antara biologi dan orientasi seksual adalah sebuah subyek penelitian ilmiah. Faktor penentu tunggal orientasi seksual yang sederhana belum menunjukkan hasil yang dapat disimpulkan secara memuaskan; berbagai studi menunjukkan banyak faktor berbeda — yang terkadang bertentangan — berperan di situ. Akan tetapi para ilmuwan berhipotesis, bahwa kombinasi dari faktor genetik, kondisi hormon, dan faktor sosial dapat menentukan orientasi seksual seseorang.[1][2] Teori biologi untuk menjelaskan penyebab orientasi seksual adalah teori yang populer,[1] dan faktor biologi dapat melibatkan kesalingpengaruhan yang rumit dari faktor genetik dan kondisi lingkungan awal yang dialami janin di dalam rahim.[3] Faktor-faktor tersebut, dapat berkaitan dengan perkembangan orientasi seksual seseorang, baik menjadi seorang heteroseksual, homoseksual, biseksual, atau aseksual, termasuk diantaranya gen, hormon pralahir, dan struktur otak.
Penelitian empiris
Studi kembar
Sejumlah penelitian kembar telah mencoba membandingkan peran penting relatif antara genetik dan lingkungan sebagai penentu orientasi seksual. Pada 1991, penelitian oleh Bailey dan Pillard merekrut pasangan saudara kembar dari "publikasi homofil", dan menemukan bahwa 52% laki-laki kembar monozigotik (kembar identik) (MZ) (dari 59 pasang sampel) dan 22% kembar dizigotik (DZ) kedua-duanya cocok sama-sama homoseksual.[4]
Referensi
- Catatan kaki
- ^ a b Frankowski BL; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence (June 2004). "Sexual orientation and adolescents". Pediatrics. 113 (6): 1827–32. doi:10.1542/peds.113.6.1827. PMID 15173519.
- ^ Långström, Niklas; Qazi Rahman; Eva Carlström; Paul Lichtenstein (7 June 2008). "Genetic and Environmental Effects on Same-sex Sexual Behaviour: A Population Study of Twins in Sweden". Archives of Sexual Behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9386-1. PMID 18536986.
- ^ "Submission to the Church of England's Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality". The Royal College of Psychiatrists. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2013.
- ^ Bailey JM, Pillard, RC (1991). "A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation". Archives of General Psychiatry. 48 (12): 1089–96. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360053008. PMID 1845227.
- Daftar pustaka
- Anders Agmo Functional and dysfunctional sexual behavior Elsevier 2007
- Serge Wunsch PhD thesis about sexual behavior Diarsipkan 2010-12-14 di Wayback Machine. Paris Sorbonne Diarsipkan 2008-09-24 di Wayback Machine. 2007
- BBC (April 23, 1999). Doubt cast on 'gay gene'. BBC News.
- Articles by Dr. Daryl Bem will be found at [1] Diarsipkan 2005-12-29 di Wayback Machine., including several on his EBE theory
- Byne, William (1994). "The Biological Evidence Challenged". Scientific American. 270 (5): 50–55. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0594-50. PMID 8197445.
- Trisha Macnair (undated). Genetics and human behaviour. BBC Health.
- Timothy F. Murphy (Fall 2000). Now What? The Latest Theory of Homosexuality Diarsipkan 2003-06-26 di Wayback Machine.. APA Newsletter on Philosophy and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Issues.
- Muscarella, F.; Fink, B.; Grammer, K.; Kirk-Smith, M. (2001). "Homosexual Orientation in Males: Evolutionary and Ethological Aspects" (PDF). Neuroendocrinology Letters. 22 (6): 393–400. PMID 11781535.
- Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2002). Genetics and human behaviour Diarsipkan 2010-10-17 di Wayback Machine.. London: Author. Chapter 10 Diarsipkan 2010-10-17 di Wayback Machine. discusses sexual orientation.
- Out in Nature: Homosexual Behaviour in the Animal Kingdom, a documentary by Stéphane Alexandresco, Bertrand Loyer and Jessica Menendez
- Rahman Q. (2005). The neurodevelopment of human sexual orientation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 29 :1057–1066.
- Rines JP, vom Saal FS (June 1984). "Fetal effects on sexual behavior and aggression in young and old female mice treated with estrogen and testosterone". Horm Behav. 18 (2): 117–29. doi:10.1016/0018-506X(84)90037-0. PMID 6539747.
- Veniegas, Rosemary C.; Conley, Terri D. (2000). "Biological Research on Women's Sexual Orientations: Evaluating the Scientific Evidence". Journal of Social Issues. 56 (2): 267–282. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00165. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2004-02-16. Diakses tanggal 2016-02-23.
- Ryan BC, Vandenbergh JG (October 2002). "Intrauterine position effects". Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 26 (6): 665–78. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(02)00038-6. PMID 12479841.
- LeVay, Simon; Hamer, Dean H. (1994). "Evidence for a Biological Influence in Male Homosexuality". Scientific American. 270 (5): 44–49. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0594-44. PMID 8197444.
- T. J. Taylor (1992). Twin Studies of Homosexuality. Part II Experimental Psychology Dissertation (unpublished), University of Cambridge, UK.
- vom Saal FS (July 1989). "Sexual differentiation in litter-bearing mammals: influence of sex of adjacent fetuses in utero". J. Anim. Sci. 67 (7): 1824–40. PMID 2670873.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- vom Saal FS, Bronson FH (May 1980). "Sexual characteristics of adult female mice are correlated with their blood testosterone levels during prenatal development". Science. 208 (4444): 597–9. doi:10.1126/science.7367881. PMID 7367881.
- McCarty, Linda. "Wearing my identity: a transgender teacher in the classroom." Equity & Excellence in Education 36.2 (June 2003): 170–183. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. UC Santa Barbara. 10 December 2007 [2].
- Begley, Sharon. "Nature plus nurture." Newsweek 126.n20 (Nov 13, 1995): 72(1). Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. UC Santa Barbara. 10 December 2007 [3].
- Jones, Steve. "Ys and wherefores." New Statesman & Society 6.n256 (June 11, 1993): 30(2). Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. UC Santa Barbara. 10 December 2007 [4].
- Dr. Gregory Cochran (July 2005). An Evolutionary Look At Human Homosexuality Diarsipkan 2008-10-11 di Wayback Machine..
- Caleb Crain (August 1999). Did a Germ Make You Gay?. Out Magazine.
- LeVay, Simon (2011). Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why: The Science of Sexual Orientation. Oxford University Press.
Pranala luar
- Molecular Genetic Study of Sexual Orientation Diarsipkan 2010-03-02 di Wayback Machine. Studi genetik mengenai dua bersaudara lelaki gay dari Northwestern University.
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