Eugenika di Amerika Serikat

Keluarga pemenang kontes Keluarga Bugar berdiri di luar Gedung Eugenics^[1] (di mana kontestan yang telah mendaftar) di Kansas Free Fair, di Topeka, KS.

Eugenika merupakan seperangkat keyakinan dan praktik yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas genetika suatu populasi penduduk dunia,^[2]^[3] yang memainkan peran penting dalam sejarah dan budaya Amerika Serikat sebelum keterlibatannya dalam Perang Dunia II.^[4]

Eugenika telah dipraktikkan di Amerika Serikat selama bertahun-tahun sebelum program eugenika di Nazi Jerman,^[5] di mana sebagian besarnya terinspirasi dari karya Amerika sebelumnya.^[6]^[7] Stefan Kühl telah mendokumentasikan konsensus antara kebijakan ras Nazi dan ahli eugenis di negara lainnya, termasuk Amerika Serikat, dan menunjukkan bahwa para eugenis memahami kebijakan dan tindakan Nazi sebagai realisasi dari tujuan dan tuntutan mereka.^[8]

Selama Era Progresif di akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20, eugenika dianggap sebagai metode untuk melestarikan dan memperbaiki kelompok dominan dalam suatu populasi; yang kini umumnya terkait dengan elemen-elemen rasis dan nativis, yang di mana gerakan tersebut pada suatu taraf tertentu merupakan reaksi terhadap perubahan emigrasi dari Eropa, serta bukan merupakan genetika secara ilmiah.^[9]

Lihat pula

Referensi

Catatan

^ ""A social register of fitter families and better babies" The Milwaukee Sentinel . 26 May 1929". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-30. Diakses tanggal 2018-03-06.
^ "Eugenics". Unified Medical Language System (Psychological Index Terms). National Library of Medicine. 26 September 2010.
^ Galton, Francis (July 1904). "Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope, and Aims". The American Journal of Sociology. X (1): 82, 1st paragraph. Bibcode:1904Natur..70...82.. doi:10.1038/070082a0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 November 2007. Diakses tanggal 27 December 2010. Eugenics is the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race; also with those that develop them to the utmost advantage.
^ Susan Currell (2006). Popular eugenics: national efficiency and American mass culture in the 1930s. Ohio University Press. hlm. 2–3. ISBN 978-0-8214-1691-4. Diakses tanggal 18 July 2011.
^ Lombardo, 2011: p. 1.
^ Kühl, Stefan (14 February 2002). The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism. hlm. 86. ISBN 978-0-19-534878-1.
^ Edwin Black (9 November 2003). "Eugenics and the Nazis – the California connection". San Francisco Chronicle. Diakses tanggal 2 February 2017.
^ [Kühl, Stefan (14 February 2002). The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism. hlm. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-534878-1. ]
^ Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2016). The Gene. Scribner. hlm. 82–83.

Bibliografi

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Boudreau, Erica Bicchieri (2005). "'Yea, I have a Goodly Heritage': Health Versus Heredity in the Fitter Family Contests, 1920–1928". Journal of Family History. 30 (4): 366–87. doi:10.1177/0363199005276359. PMID 16304739. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-05. Diakses tanggal 2018-03-04.
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Bacaan lanjut

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Bauman, Zygmunt (2000). Modernity and the Holocaust. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8719-4.
Black, Edwin (2004). War against the weak: eugenics and America's campaign to create a master race. Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 978-1-56858-321-1.
Cuddy, Lois A. & Roche, Claire M., ed. (2003). Evolution and eugenics in American literature and culture, 1880–1940: essays on ideological conflict and complicity. Bucknell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8387-5555-6.
Currell, Susan (2006). Popular eugenics: national efficiency and American mass culture in the 1930s. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1692-1.
Dowbiggin, Ian Robert (1997). Keeping America sane: psychiatry and eugenics in the United States and Canada, 1880–1940. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8398-1.
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Schoen, Johanna (2005). Choice and Coercion: Birth Control, Sterilization, and Abortion in Public Health and Welfare. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807855850.
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Pranala luar

The Color of Democracy: A Japanese Public Health Official's Reconnaissance Trip to the U.S. South Takeuchi-Demirci, Aiko. Southern Spaces 18 Maret 2011.
"Eugenics" Diarsipkan 2010-07-04 di Wayback Machine., Scope Note 28, Bioethics Research Center, Universitas Georgetown
Plotz, David. "The Better Baby Business", Washington Post, 13 March 2001. Web. 25 April 2010. [1].
Eugenics: Compulsory Sterilization in 50 American States, Kaelber, Lutz (ed.)
Eugenics in the United States and Britain, 1890–1930: sebuah studi komparatif
Eugenika di Amerika Serikat
"Buck v. Bell (1927)" by N. Antonios and C. Raup pada Embryo Project Encyclopedia

[1] ""A social register of fitter families and better babies" The Milwaukee Sentinel . 26 May 1929". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-30. Diakses tanggal 2018-03-06.

[2] "Eugenics". Unified Medical Language System (Psychological Index Terms). National Library of Medicine. 26 September 2010.

[Galton1904-3] Galton, Francis (July 1904). "Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope, and Aims". The American Journal of Sociology. X (1): 82, 1st paragraph. Bibcode:1904Natur..70...82.. doi:10.1038/070082a0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 November 2007. Diakses tanggal 27 December 2010. Eugenics is the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race; also with those that develop them to the utmost advantage.

[SusanCurrell-4] Susan Currell (2006). Popular eugenics: national efficiency and American mass culture in the 1930s. Ohio University Press. hlm. 2–3. ISBN 978-0-8214-1691-4. Diakses tanggal 18 July 2011.

[5] Lombardo, 2011: p. 1.

[Kuhl2-6] Kühl, Stefan (14 February 2002). The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism. hlm. 86. ISBN 978-0-19-534878-1.

[black2003-7] Edwin Black (9 November 2003). "Eugenics and the Nazis – the California connection". San Francisco Chronicle. Diakses tanggal 2 February 2017.

[8] [Kühl, Stefan (14 February 2002). The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism. hlm. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-534878-1. ]

[9] Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2016). The Gene. Scribner. hlm. 82–83.

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