Nepenthes mirabilis
Nepenthes mirabilis | |
---|---|
Kantong atas Nepenthes mirabilis | |
Klasifikasi ilmiah | |
Kerajaan: | |
Klad: | Tracheophyta |
Klad: | Angiospermae |
Klad: | Eudikotil |
Klad: | Inti eudikotil |
Ordo: | |
Famili: | |
Genus: | |
Spesies: | N. mirabilis
|
Nama binomial | |
Nepenthes mirabilis | |
Distribusi N. mirabilis. | |
Sinonim | |
|
Nepenthes mirabilis (dari bahasa Latin: mirabilis = indah), atau Kantong semar rawa umum,[11] adalah spesies tumbuhan karnivora. Sejauh ini penyebarannya paling luas dari semua spesies Nepenthes, meliputi wilayah Asia Tenggara dan pulau-pulau utama Kepulauan Melayu (kecuali Kepulauan Sunda Kecil dan Filipina utara), yang membentang dari Tiongkok di utara ke Australia di selatan.[12] Spesies ini memiliki banyak varietas di seluruh penyebarannya. Salah satu varietas yang paling penting dari yang lain, N. mirabilis var. echinostoma, endemik di Brunei dan Sarawak dan memiliki sebuah peristom yang sangat luas.[13]
Status konservasi N. mirabilis terdaftar sebagai Risiko Rendah pada 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[14] Di Hong Kong, spesies ini dilindungi berdasarkan Peraturan Kehutanan Cap. 96A.
Menurut Matthew Jebb dan Martin Cheek, kantong N. mirabilis digunakan sebagai mainan pada koteka di Papua Nugini.
Penyebaran
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nepenthes mirabilis memiliki penyebaran terluas dari seluruh spesies Nepenthes dan dikenal dari negara-negara dan kawasan berikut: Australia (Semenanjung York), Borneo, Kamboja, Kepulauan Caroline (Palau dan Yap), Tiongkok (Provinsi Guangdong, Hainan,[15][16] Hong Kong, dan Macau), Kepulauan D'Entrecasteaux, Pulau Jawa, Laos, Kepulauan Louisiade, Kepulauan Maluku, Myanmar, Papua Nugini, Semenanjung Malaysia, Filipina (Dinagat dan Mindanao), Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, dan Vietnam.[12][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Spesies ini juga telah dicatat dari banyak pulau-pulau kecil, termasuk Babi, Bangka, Pulau Banyak, Pulau Batu, Bengkalis, Enggano, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Kepulauan Mentawai (Pagai Utara, Siberut, Sipura, dan Pagai Selatan), Kepulauan Meranti (Padang, Rangsang, dan Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Phuket, Kepulauan Riau (Pulau Lingga dan Kepulauan Riau), Rupat,[24] Tawi-Tawi,[25] dan mungkin Wowoni.[26]
Taksonomi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nepenthes mirabilis berkaitan erat dengan N. rowanae dan N. tenax, dua spesies Nepenthes yang endemik di Australia.
Ciri-ciri | N. mirabilis | N. rowanae |
---|---|---|
Morfologi helai daun | Halus membulat | Mengerut menuju ujung, kemudian berlanjut dengan sepanjang sulur yang sempit, halus, dan memanjang |
Penyisipan sulur ke helai daun | Sederhana | Memerisai |
Sayap kantong | Sederhana, elemen bantalan pinggiran multiseluler | Sering rata di bagian depan, membentuk bentuk T dan XS, sering terdapat elemen pinggiran multiseluler |
Tekstur helai daun | Biasanya melontar | Sangat menjangat |
Lampiran helai daun batang | Sederhana, atau jarang memanjang untuk ⅓ panjang ruas | Memanjang setidaknya ½ panjang ruas, biasanya lebih |
Massa jenis kelenjar di bagian bawah kantong | 1600-2500/cm² | Sekitar 3600/cm² |
Posisi pangkal kantong pada kantong atas | Jalan sedang, dibawah ½ kantong | Diatas ¼ kantong |
Posisi pangkal kantong pada kantong bawah | Dibawah ¾ kantong | Dibawah peristom |
Dalam Database Tumbuhan Karnivora-nya, ahli taksonomi Jan Schlauer memperlakukan N. kongkandana sebagai sinonim dari ‘’N. mirabilis’’[27]
Taksa bawah jenis
[sunting | sunting sumber]Di tempat penyebarannya, N. mirabilis menunjukkan variabilitas yang besar dalam morfologi dan warna kantong, dan memiliki paling banyak sinonim dari semua spesies Nepenthes.[28] Berikut bentuk dan jenis N. mirabilis yang telah dideskripsikan. Dengan pengecualian dari N. mirabilis var. echinostoma dan N. mirabilis var. globosa, taksa ini tidak dianggap sah saat ini.
- Nepenthes mirabilis f. anamensis (Hort.Weiner) Hort.Westphal (1991)
- Nepenthes mirabilis var. anamensis Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985) nom.nud.
- Nepenthes mirabilis var. biflora J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1992)
- Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma (Hook.f.) Hort.Slack ex J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1992)
- Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa M.Catal. (2010)[29]
- Nepenthes mirabilis f. simensis (Hort.Weiner) Hort.Westphal (1991)
- Nepenthes mirabilis var. simensis Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985) nom.nud.
- Nepenthes mirabilis f. smilesii (Hemsl.) Hort.Westphal (2000)
- Nepenthes mirabilis var. smilesii (Hemsl.) Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985)
N. mirabilis var. echinostoma
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma ditemukan oleh Odoardo Beccari pada tahun 1865 dan dideskripsikan sebagai spesies dengan nama latin N. echinostoma, oleh Joseph Dalton Hooker pada tahun 1873.[11] Pada tahun 1882, Frederick William Burbidge mendeskripsikan varietas tak biasa ini dalam The Gardener' Chronicle sebagai berikut:[11][30]
N. echinostoma singular Beccari (vide Herb. Kew) adalah spesies yang indah, yang belum dikenal sebelumnya, saya kira tak terlihat oleh Beccari! Mulut kantong mengingatkan salah satu gigi defleksi beberapa lumut raksasa bagian hipnoid.
Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma adalah satu-satunya bentuk spesies yang terdapat di Brunei. Spesies ini juga telah dicatat di Sarawak, tetapi tampaknya benar-benar tidak ada di Sabah.[11]
N. mirabilis var. globosa
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa telah dicatat dari Pulau Laut Andaman yang terisolasi, Phang Nga, dan dari daratan Thailand dekat kota Trang.[12][29]
Varietas ini adalah fitur pada sampul Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society edisi Januari 2006, diidentifikasi sebagai "Nepenthes sp. dari Thailand".[31] Nama Nepenthes globosa muncul dalam sebuah artikel oleh Shigeo Kurata, Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society pada bulan Juli 2007.[8] Masalah yang sama juga terdapat dalam sebuah artikel oleh Masahiro Tada yang disebut sebagai "Nepenthes Viking".[10] Sebelum dideskripsikan oleh Marcello Catalano pada tahun 2010, takson ini juga diterbitkan di bawah informal dengan nama Nepenthes sp. Phanga Nga dalam buku Stewart McPherson tahun 2009, Pitcher Plants of the Old World.[12]
Dalam perdagangan hortikultura, varietas ini dikenal baik sebagai Nepenthes globosa[12] (/n[invalid input: 'ɨ']ˈpɛnθiːz ɡloʊˈboʊzə/; dari bahasa Latin: globosus, "bola") dan Nepenthes sp. Viking,[12][32] setelah kemiripan kantong dengan haluan kapal Viking.[33]
Infauna kantong
[sunting | sunting sumber]Sejumlah besar organisme infauna telah ditemukan dalam kantong spesies ini. Organisme ini adalah lalat sarkofagid Sarcophaga papuensis dan tungau Nepenthacarus warreni, yang keduanya telah ditemukan pada populasi tumbuhan Australia.[34][35] Demikian pula, nyamuk Aedes dybasi dan Aedes maehleri berada dalam kantong N. mirabilis pada pulau Palau dan Yap.[36] Keduanya memiliki sejarah kehidupan yang tidak biasa dan sifat-sifat morfologi yang terkait dengan habitat ini.[37][38]
Nematoda Baujardia mirabilis telah dideskripsikan dari N. mirabilis di Thailand. Organisme ini tidak dianggap sebuah kebetulan; kantong spesies ini tampaknya habitat alami nematoda ini. Mikroekosistem dalam kantong tersebut ditemukan didominasi oleh larva nyamuk, nyamuk, dan B. mirabilis. Hal ini membuat spekulasi bahwa nematoda ini mungkin memiliki hubungan foretik dengan satu atau lebih spesies serangga infauna.[39]
Di Tiongkok selatan, katak pohon telah diamati dalam kantong N. mirabilis. Amfibi ini tidak menjadi mangsa tumbuhan, melainkan memakan serangga yang tertangkap oleh kantong.[40] Amfibi ini tidak terpengaruh oleh cairan pencernaan yang bersifat asam (yang mungkin memiliki pH serendah 2), mungkin karena lapisan luar kulit berlendir dari spesies ini.[41]
Catatan pertama dari jamur air hidup di organ kantong tumbuhan karnivora yang berasal dari spesimen N. mirabilis yang tumbuh di sepanjang Sungai Jardine Australia. Jamur miselium itu teramati karena keduanya hidup bebas dalam cairan perangkap dan melekat pada serangga berkitin tetap.[42][43]
Kantong N. mirabilis juga telah ditemukan sebagai pelabuhan komunitas bakteri yang kompleks.[44] Komunitas-komunitas bakteri tampaknya lebih beragam daripada yang ditemukan dalam cairan kantong N. ampullaria dan N. gracilis simpatrik di Semenanjung Malaysia.[45] Komposisi dalam N. mirabilis juga dapat berbeda secara signifikan sesuai dengan jenis kantong, sesuatu yang tidak terlihat pada dua spesies lainnya.[45]
Hibrida alami
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nepenthes mirabilis memiliki jumlah hibrida alami terbanyak dari spesies apapun dalam genus Nepenthes.[12]
- ? (N. alata × N. merrilliana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × tsangoya][46]
- N. alata × N. mirabilis [=N. × mirabilata][47][48]
- N. ampullaria × N. mirabilis [=N. × kuchingensis, Nepenthes cutinensis][13]
- ? (N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × hookeriana × N. mirabilis][49]
- N. andamana × N. mirabilis[50] (yaitu N. andamana × N. mirabilis var. globosa)[50]
- N. benstonei × N. mirabilis[51]
- N. bicalcarata × N. mirabilis[12] (yaitu N. bicalcarata × N. mirabilis var. echinostoma)[13]
- ? (N. bicalcarata × N. rafflesiana) × N. mirabilis var. echinostoma[13]
- N. gracilis × N. mirabilis [=N. × sharifah-hapsahii, N. × ghazallyana, N. × grabilis, N. neglecta?][12][13][52]
- N. insignis × N. mirabilis[53]
- N. kampotiana × N. mirabilis[50]
- N. kongkandana × N. mirabilis[50]
- N. merrilliana × N. mirabilis[12]
- N. mirabilis × N. northiana[54][55]
- N. mirabilis × N. rafflesiana[13] (yaitu N. mirabilis var. echinostoma × N. rafflesiana)[55]
- N. mirabilis × N. reinwardtiana[55]
- N. mirabilis × N. rowanae[56]
- N. mirabilis × N. smilesii[57]
- N. mirabilis × N. spathulata[51]
- N. mirabilis × N. sumatrana[12]
- N. mirabilis × N. tenax[12]
- N. mirabilis × N. thorelii[57][58][59][60]
- N. mirabilis × N. tomoriana[12]
-
N. benstonei × N. mirabilis
-
N. mirabilis × N. northiana
-
N. mirabilis × N. rafflesiana
-
N. mirabilis var. echinostoma × N. rafflesiana
-
N. mirabilis × N. sumatrana
-
? N. mirabilis × N. thorelii
-
? N. mirabilis × N. tomoriana
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- a.^Nepenthes mirabilis pertama kali dideskripsikan di bawah sistem taksonomi Linnaeus sebagai Phyllamphora mirabilis oleh João de Loureiro pada tahun 1790. Spesies ini kemudian dipindahkan ke genus Nepenthes berdasarkan kesalahan kombinasi Nepenthes phyllamphora oleh Carl Ludwig Willdenow pada tahun 1805. Sebagian besar sumber[12][13][48][51][61] mengatribusi publikasi awal dengan binomial yang benar—Nepenthes mirabilis—kepada George Claridge Druce pada tahun 1916,[62] tetapi Database Tumbuhan Karnivora karya Jan Schlauer tercatat mempublikasikan jauh lebih awal oleh Rafarin pada tahun 1869.[63]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Danser, B.H. 1928. 1. Nepenthes alata Blanco. [pp. 258–262] In: The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
- ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Typification and redelimitation of Nepenthes alata with notes on the N. alata group, and N. negros sp. nov. from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(5): 616–622. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00099.x
- ^ Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.
- ^ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes alata. Carnivorous Plant Database.
- ^ Bailey, F.M. 1881. On a new species of Nepenthes. The Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 5: 185–187.
- ^ a b (Latin) Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.
- ^ a b c d (Latin) Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
- ^ a b (Jepang) Kurata, S. 2007. ネペンテス ・ ノート (XIV) — Nepenthes globosa のネーミングについて. Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society 58(3): 76.
- ^ Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
- ^ a b (Jepang) Tada, M. 2007. 日本における Nepenthes Viking の渡来と現状について. Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society 58(3): 75.
- ^ a b c d Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ a b c d e f g Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ Clarke et al. (2000). Nepenthes mirabilis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Diakses 12 May 2006.
- ^ Nepenthes mirabilis. Flora of China.
- ^ Yang G., Huang S., Xu S. & Gao Y. 2006. 海南岛野生猪笼草资源调查及其营养成分分析. [The investigation and study on the germplasm resources and growth of the wild common Nepenthes in Hainan.] Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 22(11): 440–442. Abstract Diarsipkan 2021-03-25 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ Slack, A. 1979. Nepenthes mirabilis. In: Carnivorous Plants. Ebury Press, London. pp. 79–80.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sulawesi. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Australia and New Guinea. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ Clarke, C.M. 2001. Appendix C: Distribution Maps. In: Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 299–307.
- ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 69: 1–23. doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.69
- ^ (Indonesia) Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198.
- ^ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes kongkandana. Carnivorous Plant Database.
- ^ Catalano, M. 2009. Nepenthes. In: Growing Carnivores — an Italian perspective. Prague. pp. 50–57.
- ^ a b Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa M. Catal. var. nov.PDF In: Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 40.
- ^ Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.
- ^ (Jepang) Cover of the January 2006 issue of the Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society. Insectivorous Plant Society.
- ^ Mey, F.S. 2011. Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa, a popular plant?. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, December 24, 2011.
- ^ Guerini, M. 2011.2010: new species of Carnivorous Plants.PDF Associazione Italiana Piante Carnivore.
- ^ Yeates, D.K., H. de Souza Lopes & G.B. Monteith 1989. A commensal sarcophagid (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Nepenthes mirabilis (Nepenthaceae) pitchers in Australia. Australian Entomological Magazine 16: 33–39.
- ^ Fashing, N.J. 2002. Nepenthacarus, a new genus of Histiostomatidae (Acari: Astigmata) inhabiting the pitchers of Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce in Far North Queensland, Australia.PDF (1.64 MB) Australian Journal of Entomology 41(1): 7–17. doi:10.1046/j.1440-6055.2002.00263.x
- ^ Sota, T. & M. Mogi 2006. Origin of pitcher plant mosquitoes in Aedes (Stegomyia): a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Journal of Medical Entomology 43(5): 795–800. DOI:[795:OOPPMI2.0.CO;2 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[795:OOPPMI]2.0.CO;2]
- ^ Bohart, R.M. 1956. Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Culicidae.PDF Insects Micronesia 12(1): 1–85.
- ^ Mogi, M. 2010. Unusual life history traits of Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabiting Nepenthes pitchers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 103(4): 618–624. doi:10.1603/AN10028
- ^ Bert, W., I.T. De Ley, R. Van Driessche, H. Segers & P. De Ley 2003. Baujardia mirabilis gen. n., sp. n. from pitcher plants and its phylogenetic position within Panagrolaimidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida).PDF Nematology 5(3): 405–420. doi:10.1163/156854103769224395
- ^ Hua, Y. & H. Li 2005. Food web and fluid in pitchers of Nepenthes mirabilis in Zhuhai, China.PDF Acta Botanica Gallica 152(2): 165–175.
- ^ Hua, Y. & L. Kuizheng 2004. The Special Relationship Between Nepenthes and Tree Frogs.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 33(1): 23–24.
- ^ Cribbs, A.B. 1987. An aquatic fungus from pitchers of Nepenthes mirabilis. Queensland Naturalist 28: 72–73.
- ^ Schnell, D.E. 1992. Literature Review. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 21(3): 80–82.
- ^ Yogiara, A. Suwanto & M.T. Suhartono 2006. A complex bacterial community living in pitcher plant fluid. Jurnal Mikrobiologi Indonesia 11(1): 9–14.
- ^ a b Chou, L.Y., C.M. Clarke & G.A. Dykes 2014. Bacterial communities associated with the pitcher fluids of three Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) pitcher plant species growing in the wild. Archives of Microbiology 196(10): 709–717. doi:10.1007/s00203-014-1011-1
- ^ Lauffenburger, A. 1995. Guide to Nepenthes Hybrids. OmnisTerra.
- ^ Kurata, S. & M. Toyoshima 1972. Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(1): 155–158. Abstract Diarsipkan 2011-07-22 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
- ^ Lowrie, A. 1983. Sabah Nepenthes Expeditions 1982 & 1983.PDF (1.25 MB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 12(4): 88–95.
- ^ a b c d (Italia) Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague.
- ^ a b c Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ Fretwell, S. 2013. Back in Borneo to see giant Nepenthes. Part 2: Mt Tambuyukon and Poring. Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Journal 108: 6–15.
- ^ Rischer, H. 1995. Observations on the Nepenthes species of Irian Jaya, Part I: Nepenthes insignis Danser.PDF (461 KB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 24(3): 75–77.
- ^ Lee, C.C. 2007. Re: The most accessible limestone hill of Bau. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
- ^ a b c Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ Clarke, C.M. & R. Kruger 2005. Nepenthes rowanae (Nepenthaceae), a remarkable species from Cape York, Australia. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 34(2): 36–41.
- ^ a b Mey, F.S., L.H. Truong, D.V. Dai & A.S. Robinson 2011. Nepenthes thorelii, an emended description and novel ecological data resulting from its rediscovery in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 104–131.
- ^ Bednar, B. 1983. Nepenthes mirabilis variation.PDF (111 KB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 12(3): 64.
- ^ N. thorelii rediscovered Diarsipkan 2012-02-23 di Wayback Machine.. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
- ^ Mey, F.S. 2012. Virtual Nepenthes herbarium on "Europeana". Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, December 19, 2012.
- ^ Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
- ^ Druce, G. 1916. Nepenthes mirabilis. In: Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles Report 4: 637.
- ^ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes mirabilis. Carnivorous Plant Database.
- Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1992. Nepenthes mirabilis (Loureiro) Druce from Borneo. Malayan Nature Journal 46(2): 75–84.
- Bourke, G. & R. Nunn 2012. Nepenthes. In: Australian Carnivorous Plants. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 148–167.
- Clarke, C.M. 2001. A Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sabah. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
- Co, L. & W. Suarez 2012. Nepenthaceae. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines.
- (Jerman) Gronemeyer, T. 2008. Nepenthes auf den Philippinen – Ein Reisebericht. Das Taublatt 60(1): 15–27.
- Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. PILI-NGO Movement, Bogor.
- Korthals, P.W. 1839. Over het geslacht Nepenthes. In: C.J. Temminck 1839–1842. Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen; Kruidkunde. Leiden. pp. 1–44, t. 1–4, 13–15, 20–22.
- Lowrie, A. 1998. Nepenthes mirabilis. In: Carnivorous Plants of Australia. Volume 3. University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands. pp. 276–279.
- Macfarlane, J.M. 1927. The Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Philippine Journal of Science 33(2): 127–140.
- (Jerman) McPherson, S. & T. Gronemeyer 2008. Die Nepenthesarten der Philippinen Eine Fotodokumentation. Das Taublatt 60(1): 34–78.
- (Jepang) Oikawa, T. 1992. Nepenthes mirabilis Druce. In: Muyū kusa – Nepenthes (無憂草 – Nepenthes ). [The Grief Vanishing.] Parco Co., Japan. pp. 26–29.
- Shivas, R.G. 1984. Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia & Singapore. Maruzen Asia, Kuala Lumpur.
- Thorogood, C. 2010. The Malaysian Nepenthes: Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
- Nepenthes of Australia[pranala nonaktif permanen] by Stewart McPherson
Bacaan lebih lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- [Anonymous] 1877. Reports of Societies. Royal Horticultural. The Gardeners' Chronicle 8(197): 441.
- [Anonymous] 2010. Eramet-PT Weda Bay Nickel Exploration and Development ESIA. ERM Indonesia, Jakarta.
- Adam, J.H. 1997. Prey spectra of Bornean Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) in relation to their habitat.PDF Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 20(2–3): 121–134.
- Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1999. Palynological study of Bornean Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae).PDF Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 22(1): 1–7.
- Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1989. Ecology and taxonomy of Bornean Nepenthes. University of Aberdeen Tropical Biology Newsletter 56: 2–4.
- Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes.PDF Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13–25.
- Adam, J. H., R. Omar & C. C. Wilcock 2002. Phytochemical screening of flavonoids in three hybrids of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) and their putative parental species from Sarawak and Sabah.PDF OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences 2(9): 623–625. DOI:10.3923/jbs.2002.623.625
- Adam, J.H., E.M. Nurulhuda, H. Abdul-Halim, O. Abdul-Rahim, A.H. Hafiza, G.K. Gopir, L.M. Pilik, R. Omar, M.B. Qasim, J. Salimon, S. Abdul-Rahim & M.M. Hanafiah 2005. Pitcher plants recorded from BRIS forest in Jambu Bongkok, Kuala Trengganu, Malaysia. Wetland Science 3(3): 183–189.
- (Indonesia) Akhriadi, P. 2007. Kajian taksonomi hibrid alami Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) di Kerinci. Working paper, Andalas University, Padang. Abstract Diarsipkan 2016-07-11 di Wayback Machine.
- Anuniwat, A., A. Chaveerach, T. Tanee & R. Sudmoon 2009. Development of SCAR markers for species identification of the genus Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 12(22): 1455–1461. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2009.1455.1461
- (Indonesia) Baloari, G., R. Linda & Mukarlina 2013. Keanekaragaman jenis dan pola distribusi Nepenthes spp di Gunung Semahung Kecamatan Sengah Temila Kabupaten Landak. Protobiont 2(1): 1–6. Abstract
- Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
- Beaman, J.H. & C. Anderson 2004. The Plants of Mount Kinabalu: 5. Dicotyledon Families Magnoliaceae to Winteraceae. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- Bednar, B.L. 1983. Nepenthes mirabilis variation.PDF (111 KB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 12(3): 64.
- Bednar, B.L. 1985. An unusual mirabilis plant.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 14(4): 91.
- Bednar, B.L. 1985. Nepenthes ✕ dominii and var. intermedia.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 14(4): 105–106.
- Benz, M.J., E.V. Gorb & S.N. Gorb 2012. Diversity of the slippery zone microstructure in pitchers of nine carnivorous Nepenthes taxa. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 6(1): 147–158. doi:10.1007/s11829-011-9171-2
- Beveridge, N.G.P., C. Rauch, P.J.A. Keßler, R.R. van Vugt & P.C. van Welzen 2013. A new way to identify living species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae): more data needed! Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42(4): 122–128.
- Bonhomme, V., H. Pelloux-Prayer, E. Jousselin, Y. Forterre, J.-J. Labat & L. Gaume 2011. Slippery or sticky? Functional diversity in the trapping strategy of Nepenthes carnivorous plants. New Phytologist 191(2): 545–554. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03696.x
- (Prancis) Brongniart, A. 1824. Observations sur les genres Cytinus et Nepenthes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 1: 29–52.
- Buch, F., M. Rott, S. Rottloff, C. Paetz, I. Hilke, M. Raessler & A. Mithöfer 2012. Secreted pitfall-trap fluid of carnivorous Nepenthes plants is unsuitable for microbial growth. Annals of Botany 111(3): 375–383. doi:10.1093/aob/mcs287
- Buch, F., Y. Pauchet, M. Rott & A. Mithöfer 2014. Characterization and heterologous expression of a PR-1 protein from traps of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes mirabilis. Phytochemistry 100: 43–50. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.014
- Burnett, J.B., M. Davies & G. Taylor (eds.) 2003. Flora and Fauna Survey of the Tangguh LNG Site Papua Province, Indonesia. Diarsipkan 2014-03-16 di Wayback Machine. P.T. Hatfindo Prima, Bogor.
- Chaveerach, A., A. Tanomtong, R. Sudmoon & T. Tanee 2006. Genetic diversity among geographically separated populations of Nepenthes mirabilis. Biologia 61(3): 295–298. doi:10.2478/s11756-006-0054-4
- (Tionghoa) Chen, J., P. Gao & Z. Gan 2003. 猪笼草的组织培养和快速繁殖. [Tissue culture and rapid propagation of Nepenthes mirabilis]. Plant Physiology Communications 39(1): 40.
- Clarke, C. 1995. Nepenthes mirabilis in Hong Kong. Bulletin of the Australian Carnivorous Plant Society, Inc. 14(2): 7–8.
- Clementi, G. 1843. Sull'aascidio della Nepenthes phyllamphora di Wildenow. Il Cimento 1(13–14): 217–220. doi:10.1007/BF02586236
- (Prancis) Corker, B. 1991. Germination et viabilité des graines de Nepenthes mirabilis. Dionée 24.
- Damayanti, F., M. Mansur & I. Roostika 2011. Diversity of Nepenthes spp. in West Kalimantan. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 3(13): 705–708.
- (Indonesia) Dinarti, D., U. Sayekti & Y. Alitalia 2009. Kultur jaringan kantong semar Nepenthes mirabilis.PDF Seminar proceedings, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor.
- Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.
- (Indonesia) Enjelina, W. 2012. Analisis hibrid alam kantung semar (Nepenthes) di Bukit Taratak Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Sumatera Barat dengan teknik RAPD. M.Sc. thesis, Andalas University, Padang.
- Fashing, N.J. 2010. Two novel adaptations for dispersal in the mite family Histiostomatidae (Astigmata).PDF In: M.W. Sabelis & J. Bruin (eds.) Trends in Acarology: Proceedings of the 12th International Congress. Springer Science, Dordrecht. pp. 81–84. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9837-5
- (Tionghoa) Feng, F., H. Li & J. Xie 2002. 猪笼草的组织培养. [Rapid propagation of Nepenthes mirabilis by tissue culture.] Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops 23(2): 62–65.
- (Tionghoa) Feng, F., H. Li & J. Xie 2002. 猪笼草的组织培养. [Tissue culture and rapid propagation of Nepenthes mirabilis.] Journal of Southwest Agricultural University 24(3): 268–270.
- Fretwell, S. 2008. Carnivorous plants in Thailand. Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Inc. 90: 10–13.
- Fretwell, S. 2013. Rarely seen Cp’s from the north. Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Inc. 110: 6–9.
- Grigg, S. 1995. Nepenthes mirabilis. Bulletin of the Australian Carnivorous Plant Society, Inc. 14(3): 4.
- (Indonesia) Handayani, T. 1999. Konservasi Nepenthes di kebun raya Indonesia.PDF [Conservation of Nepenthes in Indonesian botanic gardens.] In: A. Mardiastuti, I. Sudirman, K.G. Wiryawan, L.I. Sudirman, M.P. Tampubolon, R. Megia & Y. Lestari (eds.) Prosiding II: Seminar Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Bidang Ilmu Hayat. Pusat Antar Universitas Ilmu Hayat IPB, Bogor. pp. 365–372.
- Handayani, T., D. Latifah & Dodo 2005. Diversity and growth behaviour of Nepenthes (pitcher plants) in Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan Province. Biodiversitas 6(4): 248–252 . Cover
- Hooker, J.D. 1859. XXXV. On the origin and development of the pitchers of Nepenthes, with an account of some new Bornean plants of that genus. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 22(4): 415–424. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1856.tb00113.x
- Jala, A. 2011. Effects of different light treatments on the germination of Nepenthes mirabilis.PDF International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies 2(1): 83–91.
- Kato, M., M. Hotta, R. Tamin & T. Itino 1993. Inter- and intra-specific variation in prey assemblages and inhabitant communities in Nepenthes pitchers in Sumatra. Tropical Zoology 6(1): 11–25. Abstract
- Kitching, R.L. 2000. Food Webs and Container Habitats: The natural history and ecology of phytotelmata. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Kruger, R. 2001. Nepenthes of Cape York (part 1). Bulletin of the Australian Carnivorous Plant Society 20(3): 13–17.
- Kruger, R. 2001. Nepenthes of Cape York (part 2). Bulletin of the Australian Carnivorous Plant Society 20(4): 6–9.
- Kurup, R., A.J. Johnson, S. Sankar, A.A. Hussain, C.S. Kumar & S. Baby 2013. Fluorescent prey traps in carnivorous plants. Plant Biology 15(3): 611–615. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00709.x
- Lavarack, P.S. 1977. Notes on Nepenthes mirabilis and other carnivorous plants in Queensland.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 6(3): 49–50.
- Lavarack, P.S. 1981. Nepenthes mirabilis in Australia.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 10(3): 69–72, 74–76.
- Lee, C.C. 2000. Recent Nepenthes Discoveries. [video] The 3rd Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society, San Francisco, USA.
- (Tionghoa) Liang, R., J. Xie, X. Chen, Shui, S. Wu & Y. Liu 2005. 猪笼草组织培养育苗技术的研究. [Study on the tissue culture and breeding technology of Nepenthes mirabilis.] Journal of Guangdong Landscape Architecture 28(2): 35–37.
- (Tionghoa) Liang, J., Z. Lu, W. Wang, C. Lin, Q. Guo & G. Liang 2008. 猪笼草离体培养及植株再生研究. [Studies on in vitro culture and plant regeneration in Nepenthes mirabilis.] Journal of Southwest China Normal University (Natural Science) 33(3): 95–98.
- (Indonesia) Lisawati, Y. 2005. Uji aktivitas immunomodulator tumbuhan kantong semar (Nepenthes mirablis. L). Working paper, Andalas University, Padang. Abstract
- (Tionghoa) Lvqing, Q., F. Feng & H. Li 2003. 猪笼草组培快繁技术的研究. [Tissue culture and rapid propagation of Nepenthes mirabilis.] Journal of Southwest Agricultural University 25(1): 11–13.
- Macfarlane, J.M. 1914. Family XCVI. Nepenthaceæ. [pp. 279–288] In: J.S. Gamble. Materials for a flora of the Malayan Peninsula, No. 24. Journal & Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 75(3): 279–391.
- (Indonesia) Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
- (Indonesia) Mansur, M. 2007. Keanekaragaman jenis Nepenthes (kantong semar) dataran rendah di Kalimantan Tengah. [Diversity of lowland Nepenthes (kantong semar) in Central Kalimantan.] Berita Biologi 8(5): 335–341. Abstract Diarsipkan 2013-12-28 di Wayback Machine.
- (Indonesia) Mardhiana, Y. Parto, R. Hayati & D.P. Priadi 2012. Karakteristik dan kemelimpahan Nepenthes di habitat miskin unsur hara. [The characteristics and abundance of Nepenthes of nutrient-poor habitats.] Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal 1(1): 50–56. Abstract
- Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.
- Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes Kennedyana. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(426): 257.
- Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897
- (Jerman) Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
- Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
- Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023
- Merbach, M.A., G. Zizka, B. Fiala, U. Maschwitz & W.E. Booth 2001. Patterns of nectar secretion in five Nepenthes species from Brunei Darussalam, Northwest Borneo, and implications for ant-plant relationships. Flora 196: 153–160.
- Mey, F.S. 2010. Introduction to the pitcher plants (Nepenthes) of Cambodia.PDF Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2010(2): 106–117.
- Mey, F.S. 2012. Under a blazing sun in Vietnam. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, December 22, 2012.
- Mithöfer, A. 2011. Carnivorous pitcher plants: insights in an old topic. Phytochemistry 72(13): 1678–1682. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.024
- Mokkamul, P., A. Chaveerach, R. Sudmoon & T. Tanee 2007. Species identification and sex determination of the genus Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae).PDF (702 KiB) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(4): 561–567. DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2007.561.567
- Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin. The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360.
- Moran, J.A., W.E. Booth & J.K. Charles 1999. Aspects of pitcher morphology and spectral characteristics of six Bornean Nepenthes pitcher plant species: implications for prey capture.PDF Annals of Botany 83: 521–528.
- Mullins, J. & M. Jebb 2009. Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Nepenthes Diarsipkan 2013-06-02 di Wayback Machine.. National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin.
- (Indonesia) Murniati, Syamswisna & A. Nurdini 2013. Pembuatan flash card dari hasil inventarisasi Nepenthes di hutan adat desa Teluk Bakung. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran 2(1): [unpaginated; 14 pp.] Abstract
- Normawati, Y. 2002. The effect of stem length on pitcher and inflorescence production in Nepenthes gracilis and Nepenthes mirabilis at Serendah Selangor. B.Sc. Thesis. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
- Osunkoya, O.O., S.D. Daud & F.L. Wimmer 2008. Longevity, lignin content and construction cost of the assimilatory organs of Nepenthes species. Annals of Botany 102(5): 845–853. doi:10.1093/aob/mcn162
- Pavlovič, A., E. Masarovičová & J. Hudák 2007. Carnivorous syndrome in Asian pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes. Annals of Botany 100(3): 527–536. doi:10.1093/aob/mcm145
- Renner, T. & C.D. Specht 2011. A sticky situation: assessing adaptations for plant carnivory in the Caryophyllales by means of stochastic character mapping. International Journal of Plant Sciences 172(7): 889–901. doi:10.1086/660882
- Renner, T. & C.D. Specht 2012. Molecular and functional evolution of class I chitinases for plant carnivory in the Caryophyllales. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29(10): 2971–2985. doi:10.1093/molbev/mss106
- Rice, B. 2007. Carnivorous plants with hybrid trapping strategies. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 36(1): 23–27.
- Ridley, H.N. 1916. Nepenthaceæ. [pp. 139–141] In: I. Report on the botany of the Wollaston Expedition to Dutch New Guinea, 1912–13. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, series 2: botany, 9(1): 1–269. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1916.tb00009.x
- Rottloff, S., R. Stieber, H. Maischak, F.G. Turini, G. Heubl & A. Mithöfer 2011. Functional characterization of a class III acid endochitinase from the traps of the carnivorous pitcher plant genus, Nepenthes. Journal of Experimental Botany 62(13): 4639–4647. doi:10.1093/jxb/err173
- Schulze, W., E.D. Schulze, J.S. Pate, A.N. Gillison 1997. The nitrogen supply from soils and insects during growth of the pitcher plants Nepenthes mirabilis, Cephalotus follicularis and Darlingtonia californica. Oecologia 112(4): 464–471. doi:10.1007/s004420050333
- Som, R.M. 1988. Systematic studies on Nepenthes species and hybrids in the Malay Peninsula. Ph.D. thesis. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
- (Indonesia) Syamsuardi & R. Tamin 1994. Kajian kekerabatan jenis-jenis Nepenthes di Sumatera Barat. Project report, Andalas University, Padang. Abstract
- (Indonesia) Syamsuardi 1995. Klasifikasi numerik kantong semar (Nepenthes) di Sumatera Barat. [Numerical classification of pitcher plants (Nepenthes) in West Sumatra.] Journal Matematika dan Pengetahuan Alam 4(1): 48–57. Abstract
- (Tionghoa) Tang L., Ji K., Wang Y. & Chen J. 2010. 猪笼草消化液中蛋白酶的活性初探. [Preliminary study on the activities of protease in digestive juice of pitcher plant.] Genomics and Applied Biology 29(2): 293–297. Abstract Diarsipkan 2021-04-18 di Wayback Machine.
- (Indonesia) Uji, T. 2003. Keanekaragaman dan potensi flora di Cagar Alam Muara Kendawangan, Kalimantan Barat. [Flora diversity and its potential in Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve, West Kalimantan.] Biodiversitas 4(1): 112–117.
- Wilson, G.W., F. Venter, R.F. Wilson & D. Crayn 2011. Chasing Nepenthes on Cape York, Queensland. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 40(4): 122–128.
- (Tionghoa) Wu T. & Ye C. 2000. 雷州半岛野生猪笼草资源及其栽培利用的研究. [Research on the resources and its culture & utility available of wild Nepenthes mirabilis(Lour.) Druce in Leizhou Peninsular.] Journal of Zhanjiang Normal College 21(2): 15–16. Abstract Diarsipkan 2021-03-27 di Wayback Machine.
- (Tionghoa) Wu T., Ye C. & Zhang X. 2000. 猪笼草叶的形态解剖结构研究. [Studies on the anatomical structures of the leaf of Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce.] Guihaia 20(2): 153–155. Abstract Diarsipkan 2021-04-18 di Wayback Machine.
- (Tionghoa) Xie, Y., X. Xie, L. Qiu & Y. Huang 2007. 猪笼草组培快繁技术研究. [Tissue culture and rapid propagation of Nepenthes mirabilis.] Guangxi Agricultural Sciences 38(2): 131–132.
- (Tionghoa) Xu C. 2003. 猪笼草. [A review in research of Nepenthes.] Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture 23(5): 53–59. Abstract Diarsipkan 2021-04-18 di Wayback Machine.
- (Indonesia) Yogiara 2004. Analisis komunitas bakteri cairan kantung semar (Nepenthes spp.) menggunakan teknik terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) dan amplified ribosomul DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA).PDF M.Sc. thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor.
- Ziemer, R.R. 1988. Carnivorous plants in Micronesia.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 17(3): 70–73.
- (Thai) สงขลา / ขนมหม้อข้าวหม้อแกงลิง ขนมไทยภูมิปัญญาชาวบ้าน Diarsipkan 2013-04-03 di Wayback Machine.. [video] 77 NationChannel.