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{{Autotaxobox
{{infobox spesies
| fill = yes
| taxon = Nephropidae
| authority = [[James Dwight Dana|Dana]], 1852
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Valanginian|0|Valanginium–Sekarang}}
| categoria_subdivisio = Subfamilia dan genera
| categoria_subdivisio = Subfamilia dan genera
| subdivisio =
| subdivisio =
Baris 18: Baris 22:
}}
}}
[[Berkas:Lobster traps.jpg|jmpl|ka|Jaring lobster]]
[[Berkas:Lobster traps.jpg|jmpl|ka|Jaring lobster]]
{{nutritional value |name=Lobster Amerika, kukus |image=[[Berkas:SteamedLobster.jpg|240px]] |caption=Lobster utuh yang dikukus |kJ=372 |protein=19.0 g |fat=0.86 g |satfat=0.208 g |monofat=0.253 g |polyfat=0.340 g |carbs=0 g |fibre=0 g |sugars=0 g |iron_mg=0.29 |calcium_mg=96 |magnesium_mg=43 |phosphorus_mg=185 |potassium_mg=230 |zinc_mg=4.05 |vitC_mg=0 |pantothenic_mg=1.667 |vitB6_mg=0.119 |folate_ug=11 |thiamin_mg=0.023 |riboflavin_mg=0.017 |niacin_mg=1.830 |right=1 |source=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/4588?max=25&qlookup=lobster&format=Full |title=Nutrient data for 15148, Crustaceans, lobster, northern, cooked, moist heat |work=National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 24 |publisher=USDA [[Agricultural Research Service]] |date=March 30, 2012 |accessdate=July 17, 2012}}</ref>}}
{{nutritional value |name=Lobster Amerika, kukus |image=[[Berkas:SteamedLobster.jpg|240px]] |caption=Lobster utuh yang dikukus |kJ=372 |protein=19.0 g |fat=0.86 g |satfat=0.208 g |monofat=0.253 g |polyfat=0.340 g |carbs=0 g |fibre=0 g |sugars=0 g |iron_mg=0.29 |calcium_mg=96 |magnesium_mg=43 |phosphorus_mg=185 |potassium_mg=230 |zinc_mg=4.05 |vitC_mg=0 |pantothenic_mg=1.667 |vitB6_mg=0.119 |folate_ug=11 |thiamin_mg=0.023 |riboflavin_mg=0.017 |niacin_mg=1.830 |right=1 |source=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/4588?max=25&qlookup=lobster&format=Full |title=Nutrient data for 15148, Crustaceans, lobster, northern, cooked, moist heat |work=National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 24 |publisher=USDA [[Agricultural Research Service]] |date=March 30, 2012 |accessdate=July 17, 2012 |archive-date=2014-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218014634/http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/4588?max=25&qlookup=lobster&format=Full |dead-url=yes }}</ref>}}
'''Lobster''' bercapit membentuk sebuah keluarga ('''Nephropidae''', kadang kala juga Homaridae) dari [[crustacean]] besar laut. Mereka penting sebagai hewan, bisnis, dan makanan.
'''Lobster''' bercapit membentuk sebuah keluarga (''Nephropidae'', kadang kala juga ''Homaridae'') dari [[krustasea]] besar laut. Lobster juga biasa disebut sebagai, '''bekara''', '''udang karang''' atau '''udang barong'''.


== Biologi ==
== Biologi ==
Lobster bercapit jangan dibingungkan dengan [[lobster spiny]], yang tidak memiliki capit (''chelae'') dan tidak berhubungan dekat. Hubungan terdekat dari lobster bercapit adalah [[lobster reef]] ''Enoplometopus'' dan tiga keluarga dari [[crayfish]] air tawar.
Lobster bercapit jangan dibingungkan dengan [[lobster spiny]], yang tidak memiliki capit (''chelae'') dan tidak berhubungan dekat. Hubungan terdekat dari lobster bercapit adalah [[lobster reef]] ''Enoplometopus'' dan tiga keluarga dari [[lobster air tawar]].
<!--
Smaller varieties are sometimes called "lobsterettes". Lobsters are [[invertebrate]]s, and have a tough [[exoskeleton]], which protects them. Like all [[arthropod]]s, lobsters must [[molt]] in order to grow, leaving them vulnerable during this time. Lobsters are considered a food [[delicacy]] around the world. In [[Europe]], they are extremely expensive; in some parts of [[North America]], much less so.


== Spesies ==
Lobsters live on rocky, sandy, or muddy bottoms from the shoreline to beyond the edge of the [[continental shelf]]. They generally live singly in crevices or in burrows under rocks.

Although many studies suggested that lobsters are primarily [[scavengers]], feeding on [[mollusc]]s and decaying animal matter, recent studies have shown that they primarily feed on live [[fish]], dig for [[clam]]s, [[sea urchin]]s, and feed on [[algae]] and [[Zostera|eel-grass]]. They occasionally eat other lobsters, too. An average adult lobster is about 230 [[millimetre|mm]] (9 [[inch]]es) long and weighs 700 to 900 [[gramme|g]] (1.5 to 2 [[Pound (weight)|pound]]s). Lobsters grow throughout their lives, though, and are long-lived. They can thus reach impressive sizes. According to the [[Guinness World Records]], the largest lobster was caught in [[Nova Scotia]], [[Canada]] and weighed 20.14 [[kilogram|kg]] (44.4 lb).

The environmental conditions of the lobsters can vary from ocean to ocean, but the lobster's temperature environment does not fluctuate much since their home is a large mass of water, the ocean.

Like all arthropods, lobsters are largely bilaterally symmetrical; clawed lobsters often possess unequal, specialized claws, like the [[king crab]]. The anatomy of the lobster includes the [[cephalothorax]] which is the head fused with the [[thorax]], both of which are covered by the [[Carapace|carapace]], and the abdomen. The lobster's head consists of [[Antenna (biology)|antennae]], antennules, [[mandible]]s, the first and second [[maxilla]]e, and the first, second, and third [[maxilliped]]s. Because a lobster lives in a murky environment at the bottom of the ocean, its vision is poor and it mostly uses its antennae as sensors. The abdomen of the lobster includes [[decapod anatomy|swimmerets]] and its tail is composed of [[uropod]]s and the [[telson]].
-->

== Jenis lobster ==
Spesies lobster diantaranya:
Spesies lobster diantaranya:
** ''[[Acanthacaris]]''
* [[Atlantic deep-sea lobster]] (''Acanthacaris caeca'')
*:* ''[[Acanthacaris caeca]]'' <small>A. Milne-Edwards, 1881</small>
* [[Prickly deep-sea lobster]] (''Acanthacaris tenuimana'')
*:* ''[[Acanthacaris tenuimana]]'' <small>Bate, 1888</small>
* [[Red lobster]] (''Eunephrops bairdii'')
** ''[[Dinochelus]]'' <small>Ahyong, Chan & Bouchet, 2010</small>
* [[Sculptured lobster]] (''Eunephrops cadenasi'')
*:* ''[[Dinochelus ausubeli]]'' <small>Ahyong, Chan & Bouchet, 2010</small>
* [[Banded lobster]] (''Eunephrops manningi'')
** ''[[Eunephrops]]'' <small>Smith, 1885</small>
* [[Cape lobster]] (''Homarinus capensis'')
*:* ''[[Eunephrops bairdii]]'' <small>Smith, 1885</small>
* [[American lobster]] (''Homarus americanus'')
*:* ''[[Eunephrops cadenasi]]'' <small>Chace, 1939</small>
* [[European lobster]] (''Homarus gammarus'')
*:* ''[[Eunephrops luckhursti]]'' <small>Manning, 1997</small>
* [[Andaman lobster]] (''Metanephrops andamanicus'')
*:* ''[[Eunephrops manningi]]'' <small>Holthuis, 1974</small>
* [[Arafura lobster]] (''Metanephrops arafurensis'')
** ''[[Homarinus]]'' <small>Kornfield, Williams & Steneck, 1995</small>
* [[Armored lobster]] (''Metanephrops armatus'')
*:* ''[[Cape lobster|Homarinus capensis]]'' <small>(Herbst, 1792)</small>–Lobster tanjung
* [[Northwest lobster]] (''Metanephrops australensis'')
** ''[[Homarus]]'' <small>Weber, 1795</small>
* [[Caribbean lobsterette]] (''Metanephrops binghami'')
*:* ''[[Lobster amerika|Homarus americanus]]'' <small>H. Milne-Edwards, 1837</small>–Lobster Amerika
* [[New Zealand lobster]] (''Metanephrops challengeri'')
*:* ''[[Homarus gammarus]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>–Lobster Eropa
* [[Formosa lobster]] (''Metanephrops formosanus'')
** ''[[Metanephrops]]'' <small>Jenkins, 1972</small>
* [[Japanese lobster]] (''Metanephrops japonicus'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops andamanicus]]'' <small>(Wood-Mason, 1892)</small>–Lobster Andaman
* [[African lobster]] (''Metanephrops mozambicus'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops arafurensis]]'' <small>(De Man, 1905)</small>
* [[Neptune lobster]] (''Metanephrops neptunus'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops armatus]]'' <small>Chan & Yu, 1991</small>
* [[Urugavian lobster]] (''Metanephrops rubellus'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops australiensis]]'' <small>(Bruce, 1966)</small>–Lobster Australia
* [[Sculpted lobster]] (''Metanephrops sagamiensis'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops binghami]]'' <small>(Boone, 1927)</small>–Lobster Karibia
* [[Siboga lobster]] (''Metanephrops sibogae'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops boschmai]]'' <small>(Holthuis, 1964)</small>–Lobster Bight
* [[China lobster]] (''Metanephrops sinensis'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops challengeri]]'' <small>(Balss, 1914)</small>–Lobster New Zealand
* [[Red-banded lobster]] (''Metanephrops thomsoni'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops formosanus]]'' <small>Chan & Yu, 1987</small>
* [[Velvet lobster]] (''Metanephrops velutinus'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops japonicus]]'' <small>(Tapparone-Canefri, 1873)</small>–Lobster Jepang
* [[Bight lobster]] (''Metanephrops boschmai'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops mozambicus]]'' <small>Macpherson, 1990</small>
* [[Mitten lobsterette]] (''Nephropides caribaeus'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops neptunus]]'' <small>(Bruce, 1965)</small>
* [[Norway lobster]] (''Nephrops norvegicus'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops rubellus]]'' <small>(Moreira, 1903)</small>
* [[Spinetail lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis acanthura'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops sagamiensis]]'' <small>(Parisi, 1917)</small>
* [[Florida lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis aculeata'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops sibogae]]'' <small>(De Man, 1916)</small>
* [[Prickly lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis agassizii'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops sinensis]]'' <small>(Bruce, 1966)</small>–Lobster Tiongkok
* [[Scarlet lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis atlantica'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops taiwanicus]]'' <small>(Hu, 1983)</small>
* [[Ridge-back lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis carpenteri'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops thomsoni]]'' <small>(Bate, 1888)</small>
* [[Gladiator lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis ensirostris'')
*:* ''[[Metanephrops velutinus]]'' <small>Chan & Yu, 1991</small>
* [[Saya de Malha lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis malhaensis'')
** ''[[Nephropides]]'' <small>Manning, 1969</small>
* [[Ruby lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis neglecta'')
*:* ''[[Nephropides caribaeus]]'' <small>Manning, 1969</small>
* [[Pacific lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis occidentalis'')
** ''[[Nephrops]]'' <small>Leach, 1814</small>
* [[Rosy lobsterette|Rosy (or two-toned) lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis rosea'')
*:* ''[[Nephrops norvegicus]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>–Lobster Norway, Udang Dublin Bay, langoustine
* [[Indian Ocean lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis stewarti'')
** ''[[Nephropsis]]'' <small>Wood-Mason, 1872</small>
* [[Red and white lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis suhmi'')
*:* ''[[Nephropsis acanthura]]'' <small>Macpherson, 1990</small>
* [[Grooved lobsterette]] (''Nephropsis sulcata'')
*:* ''[[Nephropsis aculeata]]'' <small>Smith, 1881</small>–Lobster Florida
* [[Bellator lobster]] (''Thymopides grobovi'')
*:* ''[[Nephropsis agassizii]]'' <small>A. Milne-Edwards, 1880</small>
* [[Patagonian lobsterette]] (''Thymops birsteini'')
*:* ''[[Nephropsis atlantica]]'' <small>Norman, 1882</small>
* [[Nilenta lobsterette]] (''Thymopsis nilenta'')
*:* ''[[Nephropsis carpenteri]]'' <small>Wood-Mason, 1885</small>
*:* ''[[Nephropsis ensirostris]]'' <small>Alcock, 1901</small>
*:* ''[[Nephropsis holthuisii]]'' <small>Macpherson, 1993</small>
*:* ''[[Nephropsis malhaensis]]'' <small>Borradaile, 1910</small>
*:* ''[[Nephropsis neglecta]]'' <small>Holthuis, 1974</small>
*:* ''[[Nephropsis occidentalis]]'' <small>Faxon, 1893</small>
*:* ''[[Nephropsis rosea]]'' <small>Bate, 1888</small>
*:* ''[[Nephropsis serrata]]'' <small>Macpherson, 1993</small>
*:* ''[[Nephropsis stewarti]]'' <small>Wood-Mason, 1872</small>
*:* ''[[Nephropsis suhmi]]'' <small>Bate, 1888</small>
*:* ''[[Nephropsis sulcata]]'' <small>Macpherson, 1990</small>
** ''[[Thaumastocheles]]'' <small>Wood-Mason, 1874</small>
*:* ''[[Thaumastocheles dochmiodon]]'' <small>Chan & Saint Laurent, 1999</small>
*:* ''[[Thaumastocheles japonicus]]'' <small>Calman, 1913</small>
*:* ''[[Thaumastocheles zaleucus]]'' <small>(Thomson, 1873)</small>
** ''[[Thaumastochelopsis]]'' <small>Bruce, 1988</small>
*:* ''[[Thaumastochelopsis brucei]]'' <small>Ahyong, Chu & Chan, 2007</small>
*:* ''[[Thaumastochelopsis wardi]]'' <small>Bruce, 1988</small>
** ''[[Thymopides]]'' <small>Burukovsky & Averin, 1977</small>
*:* ''[[Thymopides grobovi]]'' <small>(Burukovsky & Averin, 1976)</small>
*:* ''[[Thymopides laurentae]]'' <small>Segonzac & Macpherson, 2003</small>
** ''[[Thymops]]'' <small>Holthuis, 1974</small>
*:* ''[[Thymops birsteini]]'' <small>(Zarenkov & Semenov, 1972)</small>
** ''[[Thymopsis nilenta|Thymopsis]]'' <small>Holthuis, 1974</small>
*:* ''[[Thymopsis nilenta]]'' <small>Holthuis, 1974</small>


== Industri lobster ==
== Industri lobster ==
Baris 87: Baris 105:
== Sebagai makanan ==
== Sebagai makanan ==


Lobster baru populer di pertengahan abad ke 19, diperkenalkan oleh penduduk New York dan Boston.<ref>{{cite book|author=Colin Woodard|url=http://www.colinwoodard.com/lobstercoast|title=The Lobster Coast|publisher=New York: Viking/Penguin|isbn=0-670-03324-3|year=2004|pages=170–180}}</ref> Ketika itu, kapal khusus juga dibangun untuk menjaga agar lobster yang ditangkap tetap hidup selama transportasi<ref>{{cite web | title=The Lobster Institute: History | work=The Lobster Institute at the University of Maine | url=http://www.lobster.um.maine.edu/index.php?page=52 | accessdate=2012-06-11 }}</ref> Ketika itu lobster merupakan makanan orang miskin di [[Maine]], [[Massachusetts]], dan penduduk pinggir pantai Kanada.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article581926.ece|title=How lobster went up in the world|publisher=The Times|date=October 24, 2005|location=London|author=Mark Henderson|accessdate=May 11, 2010}}</ref> Lobster ketika itu juga disajikan kepada [[narapidana]] untuk mengganggu selera makan mereka.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maine.gov/sos/kids/about/lobster.htm |work=All About Maine |title=Lobster |publisher=[[Secretary of State of Maine]] |accessdate=July 29, 2013}}</ref> Pemanfaatan lainnya dari lobster ketika itu adalah sebagai bahan pupuk dan umpan ikan, dan baru [[pengalengan ikan|dikalengkan]] pada awal abad ke 20.<ref name="Fish Forever">{{cite book|first=Paul|last=Johnson|title=Fish Forever: The Definitive Guide to Understanding, Selecting, and Preparing Healthy, Delicious, and Environmentally Sustainable Seafood|chapter=Lobster|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7645-8779-5|pages=163–175}}</ref>
Lobster baru populer di pertengahan abad ke 19 (sebelum tahun 2000), diperkenalkan oleh penduduk New York dan Boston.<ref>{{cite book|author=Colin Woodard|url=http://www.colinwoodard.com/lobstercoast|title=The Lobster Coast|publisher=New York: Viking/Penguin|isbn=0-670-03324-3|year=2004|pages=170–180|access-date=2014-04-27|archive-date=2012-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219044647/http://www.colinwoodard.com/lobstercoast|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ketika itu, kapal khusus juga dibangun untuk menjaga agar lobster yang ditangkap tetap hidup selama transportasi<ref>{{cite web | title=The Lobster Institute: History | work=The Lobster Institute at the University of Maine | url=http://www.lobster.um.maine.edu/index.php?page=52 | accessdate=2012-06-11 | archive-date=2006-09-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907212957/http://www.lobster.um.maine.edu/index.php?page=52 | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ketika itu lobster merupakan makanan orang miskin di [[Maine]], [[Massachusetts]], dan penduduk pinggir pantai Kanada.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article581926.ece|title=How lobster went up in the world|publisher=The Times|date=October 24, 2005|location=London|author=Mark Henderson|accessdate=May 11, 2010}}</ref> Lobster ketika itu juga disajikan kepada [[narapidana]] untuk mengganggu selera makan mereka.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maine.gov/sos/kids/about/lobster.htm |work=All About Maine |title=Lobster |publisher=[[Secretary of State of Maine]] |accessdate=July 29, 2013 |archive-date=2014-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423221309/http://www.maine.gov/sos/kids/about/lobster.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pemanfaatan lainnya dari lobster ketika itu adalah sebagai bahan pupuk dan umpan ikan, dan baru [[pengalengan ikan|dikalengkan]] pada awal abad ke 20.<ref name="Fish Forever">{{cite book|first=Paul|last=Johnson|title=Fish Forever: The Definitive Guide to Understanding, Selecting, and Preparing Healthy, Delicious, and Environmentally Sustainable Seafood|url=https://archive.org/details/fishforeverdefin0000john|chapter=Lobster|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7645-8779-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fishforeverdefin0000john/page/163 163]–175}}</ref>


Lobster umumnya dimasak dengan dikukus atau direbus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atwoodlobster.com/site/cookinglobster.asp |title=Cooking lobsters |publisher=Atwood Lobster Company |accessdate=June 30, 2007 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070607114042/http://www.atwoodlobster.com/site/cookinglobster.asp |archivedate=June 7, 2007}}</ref> Kadar [[merkuri]] dari lobster Amerika sekitar 0.31 ppm.<ref name=mercury>{{cite web |url=http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/Product-SpecificInformation/Seafood/FoodbornePathogensContaminants/Methylmercury/ucm115644.htm |title=Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish |publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]] |accessdate=December 25, 2009 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20130306184953/http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/Product-SpecificInformation/Seafood/FoodbornePathogensContaminants/Methylmercury/ucm115644.htm |archivedate=March 6, 2013 |deadurl=yes}}</ref>
Lobster umumnya dimasak dengan dikukus atau direbus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atwoodlobster.com/site/cookinglobster.asp |title=Cooking lobsters |publisher=Atwood Lobster Company |accessdate=June 30, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607114042/http://www.atwoodlobster.com/site/cookinglobster.asp |archivedate=2007-06-07 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Kadar [[merkuri]] dari lobster Amerika sekitar 0.31 ppm.<ref name=mercury>{{cite web |url=http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/Product-SpecificInformation/Seafood/FoodbornePathogensContaminants/Methylmercury/ucm115644.htm |title=Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish |publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]] |accessdate=December 25, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306184953/http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/Product-SpecificInformation/Seafood/FoodbornePathogensContaminants/Methylmercury/ucm115644.htm |archivedate=2013-03-06 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>


== Lihat pula ==
== Lihat pula ==
{{portal|Pertanian}}
{{portal|Pertanian}}
* [[Jebakan lobster]]
* [[Udang Karang|Udang karang]]


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
Baris 101: Baris 119:
{{Makanan laut}}
{{Makanan laut}}
{{daging}}
{{daging}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1038113}}


[[Kategori:Hewan]]
[[Kategori:Hewan]]
[[Kategori:Makanan laut]]
[[Kategori:Makanan laut]]
[[Kategori:Kemunculan pertama Valanginium yang masih hidup]]

Revisi terkini sejak 2 Oktober 2024 03.57

Lobster
Rentang waktu: Valanginium–Sekarang
Klasifikasi ilmiah Sunting klasifikasi ini
Domain: Eukaryota
Kerajaan: Animalia
Filum: Arthropoda
Kelas: Malacostraca
Ordo: Decapoda
Subordo: Pleocyemata
Superfamili: Nephropoidea
Famili: Nephropidae
Dana, 1852
Jaring lobster
Lobster Amerika, kukus
Lobster utuh yang dikukus
Nilai nutrisi per 100 g (3,5 oz)
Energi372 kJ (89 kcal)
0 g
Gula0 g
Serat pangan0 g
0.86 g
Jenuh0.208 g
Tak jenuh tunggal0.253 g
Tak jenuh jamak0.340 g
19.0 g
VitaminKuantitas
%AKG†
Tiamina (B1)
2%
0.023 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
1%
0.017 mg
Niasin (B3)
12%
1.830 mg
Asam pantotenat (B5)
33%
1.667 mg
Vitamin B6
9%
0.119 mg
Folat (B9)
3%
11 μg
Vitamin C
0%
0 mg
MineralKuantitas
%AKG†
Kalsium
10%
96 mg
Zat besi
2%
0.29 mg
Magnesium
12%
43 mg
Fosfor
26%
185 mg
Potasium
5%
230 mg
Seng
43%
4.05 mg
†Persen AKG berdasarkan rekomendasi Amerika Serikat untuk orang dewasa.
Sumber: [1]

Lobster bercapit membentuk sebuah keluarga (Nephropidae, kadang kala juga Homaridae) dari krustasea besar laut. Lobster juga biasa disebut sebagai, bekara, udang karang atau udang barong.

Biologi

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Lobster bercapit jangan dibingungkan dengan lobster spiny, yang tidak memiliki capit (chelae) dan tidak berhubungan dekat. Hubungan terdekat dari lobster bercapit adalah lobster reef Enoplometopus dan tiga keluarga dari lobster air tawar.

Spesies

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Spesies lobster diantaranya:

Industri lobster

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Lobster kebanyakan datang dari pesisir timur laut Amerika Utara dengan Canadian Maritimes dan negara bagian Amerika Serikat Maine sebagai produsen terbesar. Mereka ditangkap dengan menggunakan jebakan lobster. Alat tersebut diberi umpan dan diturunkan ke dasar laut. Alat ini membiarkan lobster masuk, namun tidak mungkin bagi lobster besar untuk keluar. Alat ini membuat lobster kecil dapat keluar sehingga bisa mecegah penangkapan lobster yang berlebihan.

Sebagai makanan

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Lobster baru populer di pertengahan abad ke 19 (sebelum tahun 2000), diperkenalkan oleh penduduk New York dan Boston.[2] Ketika itu, kapal khusus juga dibangun untuk menjaga agar lobster yang ditangkap tetap hidup selama transportasi[3] Ketika itu lobster merupakan makanan orang miskin di Maine, Massachusetts, dan penduduk pinggir pantai Kanada.[4] Lobster ketika itu juga disajikan kepada narapidana untuk mengganggu selera makan mereka.[5] Pemanfaatan lainnya dari lobster ketika itu adalah sebagai bahan pupuk dan umpan ikan, dan baru dikalengkan pada awal abad ke 20.[6]

Lobster umumnya dimasak dengan dikukus atau direbus.[7] Kadar merkuri dari lobster Amerika sekitar 0.31 ppm.[8]

Lihat pula

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Referensi

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  1. ^ "Nutrient data for 15148, Crustaceans, lobster, northern, cooked, moist heat". National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 24. USDA Agricultural Research Service. March 30, 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-12-18. Diakses tanggal July 17, 2012. 
  2. ^ Colin Woodard (2004). The Lobster Coast. New York: Viking/Penguin. hlm. 170–180. ISBN 0-670-03324-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-02-19. Diakses tanggal 2014-04-27. 
  3. ^ "The Lobster Institute: History". The Lobster Institute at the University of Maine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-09-07. Diakses tanggal 2012-06-11. 
  4. ^ Mark Henderson (October 24, 2005). "How lobster went up in the world". London: The Times. Diakses tanggal May 11, 2010. 
  5. ^ "Lobster". All About Maine. Secretary of State of Maine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-23. Diakses tanggal July 29, 2013. 
  6. ^ Johnson, Paul (2007). "Lobster". Fish Forever: The Definitive Guide to Understanding, Selecting, and Preparing Healthy, Delicious, and Environmentally Sustainable Seafood. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 163–175. ISBN 978-0-7645-8779-5. 
  7. ^ "Cooking lobsters". Atwood Lobster Company. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-06-07. Diakses tanggal June 30, 2007. 
  8. ^ "Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish". Food and Drug Administration. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-03-06. Diakses tanggal December 25, 2009. 
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