Negara satu partai: Perbedaan antara revisi
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(22 revisi perantara oleh 15 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
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'''Negara satu-partai''', '''sistem satu partai''', '''sistem monopartai''', atau '''sistem partai tunggal''' adalah jenis pemerintahan sistem [[partai]] di mana hanya terdapat satu partai politik yang memiliki hak untuk menjalankan pemerintahan. Dalam sistem negara partai tunggal, pemerintah melarang pendirian partai politik lain dan membuat aturan-aturan yang memperkuat pelarangan itu. |
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== Konsep == |
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'''Negara satu-partai''', '''sistem satu partai''' atau '''sistem partai tunggal''' adalah jenis pemerintahan sistem [[partai]] di mana hanya terdapat satu partai politik yang memiliki hak untuk menjalankan pemerintahan. Dalam sistem negara partai tunggal, pemerintah melarang pendirian partai politik lain dan membuat aturan-aturan yang memperkuat pelarangan itu. |
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Partai yang memegang kekuasaan dalam pemerintahan memiliki pembenaran dalam melaksanakan kebijakan satu partainya, diantaranya adalah untuk menjamin persatuan nasional dan keyakinan bahwa partai menjadi sebuah entitas yang "melindungi revolusi" di mana legitimasinya tidak dapat dipertanyakan. |
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Beberapa negara satu partai hanya melarang partai oposisi, di mana partai yang dianggap memiliki [[ideologi]] dan tujuan yang sama biasanya bergabung dalam [[koalisi]] partai berkuasa di pemerintah, seperti [[front populer]]. |
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==Konsep== |
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Partai yang memegang kekuasaan dalam pemerintahan memiliki pembenaran dalam melaksanakan kebijakan satu partainya, diantaranya adalah untuk menjamin persatuan nasional dan keyakinan bahwa partai menjadi sebuah entitas yang "melindungi revolusi" dimana legitimasinya tidak dapat dipertanyakan. |
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Kadang-kadang istilah ''[[de facto]]'' negara satu partai digunakan untuk menggambarkan negara dengan [[sistem partai dominan]] di mana partai politik yang berkuasa menggunakan kekuatannya untuk membuat peraturan yang mencegah pihak oposisi menggantikan kekuasaan partai berkuasa di pemerintahan. |
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Kadang-kadang istilah ''[[de facto]]'' negara satu partai digunakan untuk menggambarkan negara dengan [[sistem partai dominan]] dimana partai politik yang berkuasa menggunakan kekuatannya untuk membuat peraturan yang mencegah pihak oposisi menggantikan kekuasaan partai berkuasa di pemerintahan. |
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Dalam negara mereka sendiri, partai-partai yang dominan berkuasa atas negara satu-partai sering disebut hanya sebagai ''Partai''. |
Dalam negara mereka sendiri, partai-partai yang dominan berkuasa atas negara satu-partai sering disebut hanya sebagai ''Partai''. |
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== |
== Contoh == |
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[[File:Forms of government 2021.svg|jmpl|pus|upright=3.4|Negara menurut bentuk pemerintahan: |
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Daftar ini memuat negara-negara yang menggunakan sistem partai tunggal dengan nama partai politik yang berkuasa didalamnya. |
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{{legend|#3355dd|Republik presidensial dengan [[sistem presidensial]] penuh}} |
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{{legend|#f0e847|Republik presidensial dengan [[sistem semi-presidensial]]}} |
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{{legend|#66bb66|[[Republik parlementer]] dengan presiden eksekutif yang dipilih oleh [[parlemen]]}} |
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{{legend|#ff9a33|[[Republik parlementer]] dengan presiden seremonial dan [[perdana menteri]] eksekutif}} |
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{{legend|#e75353|[[Monarki konstitusional]] dengan perdana menteri eksekutif}} {{legend|#ee1af9|Monarki konstitusional dengan [[kepala pemerintahan]] terpisah, tetapi kerajaan memiliki kekuasaan politik}} {{legend|#801a80|[[Monarki absolut]]}} |
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{{legend|#6b8e23|[[Kediktatoran militer]]}} |
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{{legend|#aa6f33|'''Negara satu partai'''}} |
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{{legend|#808080|Negara yang tidak termasuk sistem-sistem di atas (sistem lain atau sedang transisi)}} |
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{{legend|#b9b9b9|Tanpa pemerintahan}}]] |
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=== Negara satu partai saat ini === |
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{{As of|2018}}, negara-negara berikut ini merupakan negara satu partai secara resmi: |
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{|class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
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!Negara |
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!Ketua partai |
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!Partai |
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!Ketua front rakyat |
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!Front rakyat |
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!Tanggal berdiri |
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!Masa berkuasa |
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|- |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea]] |
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| [[Kim Jong-un]], [[Ketua Partai Pekerja Korea|Ketua]] |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Workers' Party of Korea.svg}} [[Partai Pekerja Korea]] |
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| |
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|[[Front Demokratik Penyatuan Kembali Tanah Air]] |
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| 10 Oktober 1945 |
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| {{ayd|1945|10|10}} |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Laos.svg}} [[Republik Demokratik Rakyat Laos]] |
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| [[Bounnhang Vorachith]], [[Sekretaris Umum Partai Revolusi Rakyat Laos|Sekretaris Umum]] |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of LPRP.svg}} [[Partai Revolusioner Rakyat Lao]] |
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| Xaysomphone Phomvihane, Presiden Komite Pengawas |
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|[[Front Pembangunan Nasional Laos]] |
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| 2 Desember 1975 |
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| {{ayd|1975|12|02}} |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] |
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| [[Xi Jinping]], [[Sekretaris Umum Partai Komunis Tiongkok|Sekretaris Umum]] |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg}} [[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]] |
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| [[Wang Yang (politikus)|Wang Yang]], [[Ketua Konferensi Konsultasi Politik Rakyat Tiongkok|Ketua KKPRT Nasional]]<br/>[[You Quan]], Kepala [[Departemen Pekerjaan Front Bersatu|Departemen]] |
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| [[Front Bersatu (Tiongkok)|Front Bersatu]] |
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| 1 Oktober 1949 |
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| {{ayd|1949|10|1}} |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cuba.svg}} [[Republik Kuba]] |
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| [[Raúl Castro]], [[Sekretaris Pertama Partai Komunis Kuba|Sekretaris Pertama]] |
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| [[Partai Komunis Kuba]] |
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| |
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| |
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| 1 Januari 1959 |
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| {{ayd|1959|01|01}} |
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|- |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg}} [[Republik Demokratik Arab Sahrawi]] |
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| [[Brahim Ghali]], [[Sekretaris Jenderal Front Polisario|Sekretaris Jenderal]] |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg}} [[Front Polisario]] |
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| |
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| |
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| 27 Februari 1976 |
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| {{ayd|1976|02|27}} |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Vietnam.svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Vietnam]] |
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| [[Nguyễn Phú Trọng]], [[Sekretaris Umum Partai Komunis Vietnam|Sekretaris Umum]] |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg}} [[Partai Komunis Vietnam]] |
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| Trần Thanh Mẫn, Ketua |
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| [[Front Tanah Air Vietnam]] |
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| 30 April 1975 |
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| {{ayd|1975|04|30}} |
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|- |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of Eritrea.svg}} [[Negara Eritrea]] |
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| [[Isaias Afwerki]], Ketua |
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| [[Front Rakyat untuk Demokrasi dan Keadilan|Front Demokrasi dan Keadilan Rakyat]] |
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| |
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| |
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| 10 Februari 1994 |
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| {{ayd|1994|02|10}} |
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|- |
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|} |
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=== Bekas negara satu partai === |
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{|class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
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!Negara |
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!Partai |
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!Tanggal berdiri |
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!Tanggal bubar |
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|- |
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| [[Berkas:Flag of Hawaii.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Republik Hawaii]] |
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| [[Partai Reformasi Hawaii]] |
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| 1894 |
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| 1898 |
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|- |
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|} |
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==== Bekas negara satu partai tenda besar ==== |
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{|class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
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!Negara |
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!Partai |
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!Tanggal berdiri |
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!Tanggal bubar |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Turki}} |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republican People's Party (Turkey).svg}} [[Partai Rakyat Republik (Turki)|Partai Rakyat Republik]] |
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| 1923<br />1925<br />1930 |
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| 1924<br />1930<br />1945 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Kamerun}} |
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|[[Gerakan Demokratik Rakyat Kamerun]] |
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| 1975 |
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| 1990 |
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|- |
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|} |
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==== Bekas negara satu partai sayap kiri ==== |
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{|class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
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!Negara |
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!Partai |
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!Front |
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!Tanggal berdiri |
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!Tanggal bubar |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Aljazair}} |
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|[[Front Pembebasan Nasional]] |
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| |
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| 1962 |
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|1989 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Bangladesh}} |
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|[[BAKSAL|Liga Krishak Sramik Awami Bangladesh]] |
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| |
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| 1974 |
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|1975 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Burma|1974}} [[Jalan Menuju Sosialisme Burma|Burma]] |
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|[[Partai Program Sosialis Burma]] |
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| |
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| 1962 |
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|1988 |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2"| {{flag|Tanjung Verde|1975}} |
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|[[Partai Afrika untuk Kemerdekaan Guinea dan Tanjung Verde]] |
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| |
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| 1975 |
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| 1980 |
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|- |
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|[[Partai Afrika untuk Kemerdekaan Verde]] |
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| |
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| 1980 |
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|1990 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Republik Afrika Tengah}} |
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|[[Gerakan Perubahan Sosial Afrika Hitam]] |
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| |
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| 1962 |
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|1980 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Republik Tiongkok}} [[Pemerintahan Nasionalis]] |
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* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Xinjiang-Shicai 2.svg}} [[Provinsi Xinjiang, Republik Tiongkok|Xinjiang]]</small> |
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| |
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* <small>[[Asosiasi Anti-Imperialis Rakyat]]</small> |
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| |
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| 1925 |
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* <small>1935</small> |
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| 1948 |
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* <small>1942</small> |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Djibouti}} |
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|[[Gerakan Kemajuan Rakyat]] |
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| |
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| 1977 |
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| 1992 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Mesir|1972}} |
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|[[Persatuan Sosialis Arab (Mesir)|Persatuan Sosialis Arab]] |
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| |
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| 1962 |
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| 1976 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Eritrea (1993-1995).svg}} [[Eritrea]] |
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| [[Front Pembebasan Rakyat Eritrea]] |
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| |
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| 1993 |
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| 1994 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ethiopia (1991-1996).svg}} [[Pemerintahan Transisi Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] |
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* <small>[[Pemerintahan Sementara Eritrea|Eritrea]]</small> |
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| |
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* <small>[[Front Pembebasan Rakyat Eritrea]]</small> |
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| |
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| |
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* <small>1991</small> |
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| |
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* <small>1993</small> |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Ghana|1964}} |
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|[[Partai Rakyat Adat]] |
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| |
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| 1964 |
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|1966 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Guinea}} |
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|[[Partai Demokratik Guinea – Gerakan Demokratik Afrika]] |
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| |
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| 1958 |
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|1984 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} |
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|[[Partai Afrika untuk Kemerdekaan Guinea dan Tanjung Verde]] |
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| |
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| 1974 |
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|1991 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Indonesia}} |
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|[[Partai Nasional Indonesia]] |
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| |
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| 1945 |
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|1945 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1959-1963).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg}} [[Republik Irak (1958–68)|Irak]] |
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|[[Persatuan Sosialis Arab (Irak)|Persatuan Sosialis Arab Irak]] |
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| |
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| 1964 |
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|1968 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1991-2004).svg}} [[Irak Ba'athist|Irak]] |
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| [[Partai Ba'ath Sosialis Arab - Wilayah Irak|Partai Ba'ath Sosialis Arab]] |
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| [[Front Progresif Nasional (Irak)|Front Progresif Nasional]] |
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| 1968 |
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|2003 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Libya|1969}} [[Republik Arab Libya|Libya]] |
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|[[Persatuan Sosialis Arab Libya]] |
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| |
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| 1971 |
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|1977 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Madagascar}} [[Republik Demokratik Madagaskar]] |
|||
|[[Asosiasi Kelahiran Kembali Madagaskar|Front Nasional untuk Perlindungan Revolusi]] |
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| |
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| 1976 |
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|1989 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Mali}} |
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| [[Persatuan Demokratik Rakyat Mali]] |
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| |
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| 1976 |
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| 05/04/1991<ref>[http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/mali-1960-present/ 24. Mali (1960-present)]</ref> |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Mauritania}} |
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|[[Partai Rakyat Mauritania]] |
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| |
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| 1961 |
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|1978 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Sao Tome dan Principe}} |
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|[[Gerakan Pembebasan Sao Tome dan Principe/Partai Demokratik Sosial]] |
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| |
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| 1975 |
|||
|1990 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Senegal}} |
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|[[Partai Sosialis Senegal]] |
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| |
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| 1966 |
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|1974 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Seychelles|1977}} |
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|[[Partai Rakyat (Seychelles)|Front Progresif Rakyat Seychelles]] |
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| |
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| 1977 |
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|1991 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Sierra Leone}} |
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|[[Kongres Seluruh Rakyat]] |
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| |
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| 1978 |
|||
|1991 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Sejarah Sudan (1969–85)|Republik Demokratik Sudan]] |
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|[[Persatuan Sosialis Sudan]] |
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| |
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| 1971 |
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|1985 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Suriah}} |
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| [[Partai Ba'ath Sosialis Arab - Wilayah Suriah|Partai Ba'ath Sosialis Arab]] |
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|[[Front Progresif Nasional (Suriah)|Front Progresif Nasional]] |
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| 1963 |
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|2011 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Tanzania}} |
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|[[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] |
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| |
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| 1977 |
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|1992 |
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|- |
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|{{flag|Tanganyika}} |
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|[[Persatuan Nasional Afrika Tanganyika]] |
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| |
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| 1961 |
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|1977 |
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|- |
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|rowspan="2"| {{flag|Tunisia}} |
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|[[Neo Destour]] |
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| |
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| 1963 |
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|1964 |
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|- |
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|[[Partai Destour Sosialis]] |
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| |
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| 1964 |
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|1981 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Uganda}} |
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|[[Kongres Rakyat Uganda]] |
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| |
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| 1969 |
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| 1971 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Republik Arab Bersatu}} |
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|[[Persatuan Nasional (Republik Arab Bersatu)|Persatuan Nasional]] |
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| |
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| 1958 |
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| 1961 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Zambia}} |
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|[[Partai Kemerdekaan Nasional Bersatu]] |
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| |
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| 1972 |
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| 1990 |
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|- |
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|{{flag|Zanzibar}} |
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|[[Partai Afro-Shirazi]] |
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| |
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| 1964 |
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| 1977 |
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|} |
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==== Bekas negara satu partai Marxis–Leninis ==== |
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{|class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
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!Negara |
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!Partai |
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!Front rakyat |
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!Tanggal berdiri |
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!Tanggal bubar |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (1978).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (1978-1980).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (1980-1987).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (1987–1992).svg}} [[Republik Demokratik Afganistan|Afganistan]] |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan.svg}} [[Partai Demokrasi Rakyat Afganistan]] |
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|[[Front Nasional (Afganistan)|Front Tanah Air Nasional]] |
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| 24/12/1980 |
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| 27/06/1990 |
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|- |
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|rowspan="2" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1944-1946).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg}} [[Pemerintahan Demokratik Albania]] |
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|rowspan="2" | [[Partai Buruh Albania]] |
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|[[Gerakan Pembebasan Nasional (Albania)|Gerakan Pembebasan Nasional]] |
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| 20/10/1944 |
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| 05/08/1945 |
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|- |
|||
|[[Front Demokratik Albania|Front Demokratik]] |
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| 05/08/1945 |
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| 11/01/1946 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Albania]] |
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---- |
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{{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Rakyat Albania]] |
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|[[Partai Buruh Albania]] |
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|[[Front Demokratik Albania|Front Demokratik]] |
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| 11/01/1946 |
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| 11/12/1990 |
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|- |
|||
|rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|Angola}} [[Republik Rakyat Angola]] |
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| {{flagicon image|Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (bandeira).svg}} [[Gerakan Rakyat untuk Pembebasan Angola]] |
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| |
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| 11/11/1975 |
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| 10/12/1977 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (bandeira).svg}} [[Gerakan Rakyat untuk Pembebasan Angola – Partai Buruh]] |
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| |
|||
| 10/12/1977 |
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| 31/05/1991 |
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|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of SSRA.svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Armenia|Armenia]] |
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|[[Partai Komunis Armenia (Uni Soviet)|Partai Komunis Armenia]] |
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| |
|||
| 1920 |
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| 1922 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Azerbaijan SSR (1920-1921).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Azerbaijan SSR (1921-1922).svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] |
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|[[Partai Komunis Azerbaijan]] |
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| |
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| 1920 |
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| 1922 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Benin|1975}} [[Republik Rakyat Benin|Benin]] |
|||
|[[Partai Revolusi Rakyat Benin]] |
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| |
|||
| 1975 |
|||
|1990 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Bulgaria (1946-1948).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Bulgaria (1948-1967).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Bulgaria (1967-1971).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Bulgaria (1971 – 1990).svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] |
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|[[Partai Komunis Bulgaria]] |
|||
|[[Front Tanah Air (Bulgaria)|Front Tanah Air]] |
|||
| 1946 |
|||
|1990 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Byelorussian SSR (1919-1927).svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Byelorusia|Byelorusia]] |
|||
|[[Partai Komunis (bolshevik) Belorusia|Partai Komunis Byelorusia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1920 |
|||
|1922 |
|||
|- |
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| {{flagicon image|National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg}} [[Republik Soviet Tiongkok]] |
|||
|[[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]] |
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| |
|||
| 1930 |
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|1937 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Republik Sosialis Cekoslowakia|name=Cekoslowakia}} [[Republik Sosialis Cekoslowakia|Cekoslowakia]] |
|||
|[[Partai Komunis Cekoslowakia]] |
|||
|[[Front Nasional (Cekoslowakia)|Front Nasional]] |
|||
| 1948 |
|||
|1989 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea]] |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Workers' Party of Korea.svg}} [[Partai Pekerja Korea]] |
|||
| [[Front Demokratik Penyatuan Kembali Tanah Air]] |
|||
| 30/06/1949 |
|||
| 19/02/1992 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="3" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} {{flagicon|East Germany}} [[Jerman Timur]] |
|||
|rowspan="3" | [[Partai Persatuan Sosialis Jerman]] |
|||
|[[Blok Demokratik (Jerman Timur)|Blok Demokratik]] |
|||
| 1949 |
|||
| 1950 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Front Nasional (Jerman Timur)|Front Nasional Jerman Demokratik]] |
|||
|1950 |
|||
|1973 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Front Nasional (Jerman Timur)|Front Nasional Republik Demokratik Jerman]] |
|||
|1973 |
|||
|1989 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg}} [[Komune Rakyat Pekerja Estonia|Estonia]] |
|||
|[[Partai Komunis Seluruh Rusia (Bolshevik)|Partai Komunis Rusia]]<br/>(Komite Pusat Seksi Estonia) |
|||
| |
|||
| 1918 |
|||
|1919 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Estonian SSR (1940-1953).svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Estonia|Estonia]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Estonia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1940 |
|||
|1940 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ethiopia (1975–1987) (02).svg}} [[Derg|Ethiopia]] |
|||
|[[Partai Pekerja Ethiopia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1984 |
|||
|1987 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ethiopia (1987–1991).svg}} [[Republik Demokratik Rakyat Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] |
|||
|[[Partai Pekerja Ethiopia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1987 |
|||
|1991 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Republik Demokratik Finlandia|Finlandia]] |
|||
|[[Partai Komunis Finlandia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1939 |
|||
|1940 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Georgian SSR (1921-1922).svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Georgia|Georgia]] |
|||
|[[Partai Komunis Georgia (Uni Soviet)|Partai Komunis Georgia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1921 |
|||
| 1922 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon|Grenada}} [[Pemerintahan Revolusioner Rakyat (Grenada)|Grenada]] |
|||
|[[Gerakan Permata Baru]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1979 |
|||
|1983 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Communist-controlled China (1927–49)|Guangzhou]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1927 |
|||
|1927 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Communist-controlled China (1927–49)|Hunan]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1927 |
|||
|1927 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="2"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1949-1956).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1946-1949, 1956-1957).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Hungary.svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Hungaria|Hungaria]] |
|||
|[[Partai Rakyat Pekerja Hungaria]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1949 |
|||
|1956 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Partai Pekerja Sosialis Hungaria]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1956 |
|||
| 1989 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Communist-controlled China (1927–49)|Jinggang]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1927 |
|||
| 1928 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cambodia.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svg}} [[Kamboja Demokratik|Kamboja]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Kamboja]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1975 |
|||
| 1982 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Kampuchea.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the State of Cambodia.svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Kamboja|Kamboja]] |
|||
| [[Partai Rakyat Kamboja|Partai Revolusi Rakyat Kamboja]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1979 |
|||
|1991 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Latvian SSR (1918-1920).svg}} [[Republik Soviet Sosialis Latvia|Latvia]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Latvia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1918 |
|||
| 1920 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Latvian SSR (1940-1953).svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Latvia|Latvia]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Latvia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1940 |
|||
| 1940 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1924-1930).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1924-1930; variant).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1930-1940).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1940-1945).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1940-1992).svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Mongolia|Mongolia]] |
|||
| [[Partai Rakyat Mongolia|Partai Revolusi Rakyat Mongolia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1921 |
|||
| 1990 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Mozambique (1974-1975).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Mozambique (1975-1983).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Mozambique (1983).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Mozambique.svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Mozambik|Mozambik]] |
|||
| [[FRELIMO]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1975 |
|||
| 1990 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="3" |{{flagicon|North Vietnam}} [[Vietnam Utara]] |
|||
|rowspan="3" | [[Partai Komunis Vietnam|Partai Pekerja Vietnam Utara]] |
|||
| [[Liga Kemerdekaan Vietnam]] |
|||
| 1945 |
|||
| 1946 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Front Rakyat Nasional Vietnam]] |
|||
| 1951 |
|||
| 1955 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Front Tanah Air Vietnam (1955-1977)|Front Tanah Air Vietnam]] |
|||
| 1955 |
|||
| 1976 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Lithuanian SSR (1940-1953).svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Lituania|Lituania]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Lituania]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1940 |
|||
| 1940 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Lituania–Byelorusia|Lituania–Byelorusia]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis (bolshevik) Lituania and Belorussia|Partai Komunis Lituania and Belorussia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1919 |
|||
| 1919 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg}} {{flagicon|Congo-Brazzaville|1970}} [[Republik Rakyat Kongo]] |
|||
|[[Partai Buruh Kongo]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1969 |
|||
| 1990 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.svg}} [[Republik Soviet Sosialis Persia|Persia]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Persia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1920 |
|||
| 1921 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Poland (with coat of arms, 1980-1990).svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Polandia|Polandia]] |
|||
| [[Partai Rakyat Bersatu Polandia]] |
|||
| [[Gerakan Patriot untuk Kebangkitan Nasional]] |
|||
| 1947 |
|||
| 1989 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="3" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Romania.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1948-1952).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Rumania|Rumania]] |
|||
|rowspan="3" | [[Partai Komunis Rumania]] |
|||
| [[Front Demokratik Rakyat (Rumania)|Front Demokratik Rakyat]] |
|||
| 1948 |
|||
| 1968 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Front Persatuan Sosialis dan Demokrasi|Front Persatuan Sosialis]] |
|||
| 1968 |
|||
| 1980 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Front Persatuan Sosialis dan Demokrasi]] |
|||
| 1980 |
|||
| 1989 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="2" | [[Republik Sosialis Federatif Soviet Rusia|Rusia]] |
|||
---- |
|||
{{flagicon image|Flag the Russian SFSR (1918).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian SFSR (1918-1920).svg}} [[Republik Rusia Soviet]] |
|||
---- |
|||
{{flagicon image|Flag the Russian SFSR (1918).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian SFSR (1918-1920).svg}} [[Republik Soviet Federatif Sosialis Rusia]] |
|||
| [[Partai Buruh Demokratik Sosial Rusia (bolshevik)|Partai Buruh Demokratik Sosial Rusia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 19/01/1918 |
|||
| 08/03/1918<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson" /> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Seluruh Rusia (Bolshevik)|Partai Komunis Rusia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 08/03/1918<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson" /> |
|||
| 30/12/1922 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Republik Demokratik Somalia|Somalia]] |
|||
| [[Partai Sosialis Revolusioner Somalia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1976 |
|||
| 1991 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon|South Yemen}} [[Yaman Selatan]] |
|||
| [[Partai Sosialis Yaman]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1978 |
|||
| 1990 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Tiongkok Komunis (1927–49)|Jiangxi Barat Daya]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1930 |
|||
| 1931 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="3" |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1923).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1924).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1924-1936).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1936-1955).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1955-1980).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} [[Uni Republik Sosialis Soviet]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Rusia (bolshevik)|Partai Komunis Rusia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 30/12/1922 |
|||
| 31/12/1925<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson">[https://books.google.com/books?id=gBncBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson ]</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Seluruh Uni (bolshevik)|Partai Komunis Seluruh Uni]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 31/12/1925<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson" /> |
|||
| 13/10/1952<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson" /> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Uni Soviet]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 13/10/1952<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson" /> |
|||
| 09/10/1990<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8mN6O0Hc-LYC&pg=PA222#v=onepage&q&f=false Ideology And Political System By Kundan Kumar]</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="3" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Transcaucasian SFSR.svg}} [[Republik Soviet Federatif Sosialis Transkaukasia|Transkaukasia]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Armenia (Uni Soviet)|Armenia Komunis]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1922 |
|||
| 1922 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Azerbaijan]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1922 |
|||
| 1922 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Georgia (Uni Soviet)|Partai Komunis Georgia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1922 |
|||
| 1922 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvinian Peoples Revolutionary Party.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Tannu Tuva (1921-1926).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1926-1930).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1930-1935).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1933-1939).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1941-1943).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1943-1944).svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Tuva|Tuva]] |
|||
| [[Partai Revolusi Rakyat Tuva]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1921 |
|||
| 1944 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukrainian SSR (1919-1929).svg}} [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraina|Ukraina]] |
|||
|[[Partai Komunis (Bolshevik) Ukraina|Partai Komunis Ukraina]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1919 |
|||
| 1922 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Tiongkok Komunis (1927–49)|Yan'an]] |
|||
| [[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1937 |
|||
| 1949 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Yemen.svg}} [[Republik Demokratik Yaman|Yaman]] |
|||
| [[Partai Sosialis Yaman]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1994 |
|||
| 1994 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg}} [[Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] |
|||
| [[Liga Komunis Yugoslavia]] |
|||
| [[Aliansi Sosialis Masyarakat Pekerja Yugoslavia]] |
|||
| 1945 |
|||
| 1990 |
|||
|} |
|||
==== Bekas negara satu partai sayap kanan ==== |
|||
{|class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|- |
|||
!Negara |
|||
!Partai |
|||
!Tanggal berdiri |
|||
!Tanggal bubar |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Republik Tiongkok}} |
|||
|[[Kuomintang]] |
|||
| 1925 |
|||
| 1996 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Gabon}} |
|||
|[[Partai Demokratik Gabon]] |
|||
| 1968 |
|||
| 1990 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Iran}} |
|||
| [[Partai Republik Islam]] |
|||
| 1981 |
|||
| 1987 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Malawi}} |
|||
|[[Partai Kongres Malawi]] |
|||
| 1964 |
|||
| 1993 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Niger}} |
|||
|[[Gerakan Pembangunan Masyarakat Nasional]] |
|||
| 1989 |
|||
|1991 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Rwanda|1962}} |
|||
|[[Gerakan Demokrasi dan Pembangunan Republik Nasional]] |
|||
| 1978 |
|||
|1991 |
|||
|} |
|||
==== Bekas negara satu partai fasis atau nasionalis ==== |
|||
{|class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|- |
|||
!Negara |
|||
!Partai |
|||
!Front nasional |
|||
!Tanggal berdiri |
|||
!Tanggal bubar |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (1974–1978).svg}} [[Republik Afganistan]] |
|||
|[[Partai Revolusi Nasional Afganistan|Partai Revolusi Nasional]] |
|||
| |
|||
|24/02/1977<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=X0CLyC39MEgC&pg=PA70#v=onepage&q&f=false Afghanistan: A Country Study]</ref><ref>[https://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/afghan1977.html Afghanistan 1977 ]</ref> |
|||
|28/04/1978 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="2"| {{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg}} [[Kerajaan Albania (1939–43)|Kerajaan Albania]] |
|||
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg}} [[Partai Fasis Albania]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 02/06/1939 |
|||
| 27/07/1943 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Garda Albania Raya]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 27/07/1943 |
|||
| 08/09/1943 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1943–1944).svg}} [[Kerajaan Albania (1943–44)|Kerajaan Albania]] |
|||
|[[Balli Kombëtar|Front Nasional]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 14/09/1943 |
|||
| 29/11/1944 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg}} [[Negara Federal Austria]] |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Fatherland Front of Austria.svg}} [[Front Tanah Air (Austria)|Front Tanah Air]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 01/05/1934 |
|||
| 13/03/1938 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Burundi (1967–1982).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Burundi.svg}} [[Republik Burundi]] |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the UPRONA.svg}} [[Persatuan Kemajuan Nasional]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 11/07/1974 |
|||
| 13/03/1992 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cameroon (1961-1975).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Cameroon.svg}} [[Republik Kamerun]] |
|||
| [[Persatuan Nasional Kamerun]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 01/09/1966<ref>[https://journals.openedition.org/cea/533 The Search for a Cameroonian Model of Democracy or the Search for the Domination of the State Party: 1966-2006]</ref> |
|||
| 24/03/1985 |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan="2"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Central African Republic.svg}} [[Republik Afrika Tengah]] |
|||
| [[Persatuan Demokratik Afrika Tengah]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 01/03/1980 |
|||
| 02/09/1981 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Gerakan Demokratik Afrika Tengah]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 06/02/1987 |
|||
| 22/04/1991<ref>[https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/central-african-republic-unions-strike-democracy-1990-1993 Central African Republic Unions Strike for Democracy 1990-1993 ]</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan="3"| {{flagicon image|Flag of Chad.svg}} [[Republik Chad]] |
|||
|[[Partai Progresif Chad]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 16/04/1962 |
|||
| 06/04/1973 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Gerakan Revolusi Budaya dan Sosial Nasional]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 06/04/1973 |
|||
| 13/04/1975 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Persatuan Kemerdekaan dan Revolusi Nasional]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1984 |
|||
|1990 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Komoro|1978}} |
|||
|[[Persatuan Kemajuan Komoro]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1982 |
|||
|1990 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Independent State of Croatia.svg}} [[Negara Merdeka Kroasia]] |
|||
|[[Ustaša|Ustaša – Gerakan Revolusi Kroasia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 10/04/1941 |
|||
| 08/05/1945 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="2" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Benin.svg}} [[Republik Dahomey|Dahomey]] |
|||
|[[Partai Persatuan Dahomey]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1961 |
|||
|1963 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Partai Demokratik Dahomey]] |
|||
| |
|||
|1963 |
|||
|1965 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Republik Dominika]] |
|||
|[[Partai Dominika]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1931 |
|||
|1961 |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan="2"| {{flag|Mesir|1972}} |
|||
| rowspan="2"|[[Partai Demokratik Nasional (Mesir)|Partai Demokratik Nasional]] |
|||
| |
|||
|1956 |
|||
|1958 |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
|1961 |
|||
|1962 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[El Salvador]] |
|||
|[[Partai Pro Patria Nasional]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1931 |
|||
|1944 |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan="2"| {{flag|Guinea Khatulistiwa}} |
|||
|[[Partai Pekerja Nasional Bersatu]] |
|||
| |
|||
|1970 |
|||
|1979 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Partai Demokratik Guinea Khatulistiwa]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1987 |
|||
|1991 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Estonia.svg}} [[Republik Estonia]] |
|||
|[[Liga Patriot (Estonia)|Liga Patriot]] |
|||
|[[Front Pelaksanaan Konstitusi Nasional]] |
|||
| 09/03/1935 |
|||
| 21/07/1940 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the German Reich (1933–1935).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} [[Jerman Nazi|Reich Jerman]] |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Bohmen und Mahren.svg}} [[Protektorat Bohemia dan Moravia]]</small> |
|||
---- |
|||
{{flagicon image|Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} [[Jerman Nazi|Reich Jerman Raya]] |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Bohmen und Mahren.svg}} [[Protektorat Bohemia dan Moravia]]</small> |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the NSDAP (1920–1945).svg}} [[Partai Pekerja Jerman Sosialis Nasional]] |
|||
* <small>[[Kemitraan Nasional]]</small> |
|||
| |
|||
| 14/07/1933 |
|||
* <small>21/03/1939</small> |
|||
| 23/05/1945 |
|||
* <small>09/05/1945</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala]] |
|||
|[[Partai Liberal Progresif (Guatemala)|Partai Liberal Progresif]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1931 |
|||
|1944 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon|Haiti|1964}} [[Dinasti Duvalier|Haiti]] |
|||
|[[Partai Persatuan Nasional (Haiti)|Partai Persatuan Nasional]] |
|||
| |
|||
|1957 |
|||
|1985 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg}} [[Kerajaan Hungaria (1920–46)|Hungaria]] |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg}} [[Pemerintahan Persatuan Nasional (Hungaria)|Pemerintahan Persatuan Nasional]]</small> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Arrow Cross Party 1942 to 1945.svg}} [[Partai Salib Panah]] |
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| |
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| 16/10/1944 |
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| 07/05/1945 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon image|1931 Flag of India.svg}} [[Pemerintahan Sementara India Bebas|India]] |
|||
|[[Azad Hind Dal]] |
|||
| |
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| 21/10/1943 |
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| 18/08/1945 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Iran|1964}} [[Dinasti Pahlavi|Negara Imperial Iran]] |
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|[[Partai Rastakhiz]] |
|||
| |
|||
|1975 |
|||
|1978 |
|||
|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} [[Kerajaan Italia]] |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} [[Sirenaika]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} [[Afrika Timur Italia|Afrika Timur]]</small> |
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* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} [[Eritrea Italia|Eritrea]]</small> |
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* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} [[Fezzan]]</small> |
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* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} [[Kepulauan Aegea Italia|Kepulauan Aegea]]</small> |
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* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} [[Libya Italia|Libya]]</small> |
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* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} [[Somaliland Italia|Somaliland]]</small> |
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* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} [[Konsesi Tientsin Italia|Tientsin]]</small> |
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* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} [[Tripolitania]]</small> |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the National Fascist Party (PNF).svg}} [[Partai Fasis Nasional]] |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Fascist Party (PNF).svg}} [[Asosiasi Liktor Muslim]]</small> |
|||
| |
|||
|17/05/1928<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=e7qwCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70#v=onepage&q&f=false Mediterranean Fascism 1919–1945]</ref> |
|||
* <small>09/01/1939</small> |
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| 27/07/1943 |
|||
* <small>27/07/1943</small> |
|||
|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1946–2003).svg}} [[Republik Sosial Italia]] |
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* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1946–2003).svg}} [[Kepulauan Aegea Italia|Kepulauan Aegea]]</small> |
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* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1946–2003).svg}} [[Konsesi Tientsin Italia|Tientsin]]</small> |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the National Fascist Party (PNF).svg}} [[Partai Fasis Republik]] |
|||
| |
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| 13/09/1943 |
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| 28/04/1945 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Pantai Gading}} |
|||
|[[Partai Demokratik Pantai Gading – Gerakan Demokratik Afrika]] |
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| |
|||
| 1960 |
|||
|1990 |
|||
|- |
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| {{flag|Kenya}} |
|||
|[[Persatuan Nasional Afrika Kenya]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1982 |
|||
|1991 |
|||
|- |
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| {{flagicon|Lituania|1939}} [[Lituania]] |
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|[[Persatuan Nasionalis Lituania]] |
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| |
|||
| 1927 |
|||
|1940 |
|||
|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Manchukuo.svg}} [[Manchukuo]] |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Concordia Association.svg}} [[Asosiasi Persatuan]] |
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| |
|||
| 01/04/1932<ref name="Concordia Association">[https://books.google.com/books?id=zeSeAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA136#v=onepage&q&f=false China at War: Regions of China, 1937-1945]</ref> |
|||
| 01/05/1934<ref name="Concordia Association" /> |
|||
|- |
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| rowspan="2"| {{flagicon image|Flag of Manchukuo.svg}} [[Manchukuo|Kekaisaran Manchuria]] |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Concordia Association.svg}} [[Asosiasi Persatuan]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 01/05/1934<ref name="Concordia Association" /> |
|||
| 25/07/1934<ref name="Concordia Association" /> |
|||
|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Concordia Association.svg}} [[Asosiasi Persatuan|Asosiasi Persatuan Kekaisaran Manchuria]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 25/07/1934<ref name="Concordia Association" /> |
|||
| 15/08/1945<ref name="Concordia Association" /> |
|||
|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} [[Reichskommissariat Niederlande|Komisariat Reich untuk Wilayah Pendudukan Belanda]] |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of National Socialist Movement.svg}} [[Gerakan Sosialis Nasional Belanda]] |
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| |
|||
| 14/12/1941 |
|||
| 06/05/1945 |
|||
|- |
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| {{flag|Niger}} |
|||
|[[Partai Progresif Niger – Gerakan Demokratik Afrika]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1960 |
|||
|1974 |
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|- |
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| {{flag|North Yemen}} |
|||
|[[Kongres Rakyat Umum (Yaman)|Kongres Rakyat Umum]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1982 |
|||
|1988 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Reichskommissariat Norwegen|Norwegia]] |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Rezim Quisling|Pemerintahan Nasional]]</small> |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Nasjonal Samling.svg}} [[Nasjonal Samling|Perkumpulan Nasional]] |
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| |
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| 01/02/1942 |
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| 09/05/1945 |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] |
|||
|[[Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1913 |
|||
|1918 |
|||
|- |
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| {{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Paraguay]] |
|||
|[[Partai Colorado (Paraguay)|Partai Colorado]] |
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| |
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| 1947 |
|||
|1962 |
|||
|- |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} [[Komisi Eksekutif Filipina]] |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kalibapi.svg}} [[KALIBAPI|Asosiasi Jasa untuk Filipina Baru]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 08/12/1942 |
|||
| 14/10/1943 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1943-1945).svg}} [[Republik Filipina Kedua|Republik Filipina]] |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kalibapi.svg}} [[KALIBAPI|Asosiasi Jasa untuk Filipina Baru]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 14/10/1943 |
|||
| 17/08/1945 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]] |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Angola Portugal|Angola]]</small> |
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* <small>{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Kongo Portugal|Kongo]]</small> |
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* <small>{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Guinea Portugal|Guinea]]</small> |
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* <small>{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[India Portugal|India]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Makau Portugal|Makau]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portuguese Mozambik Portugal|Mozambik]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Benteng São João Baptista de Ajudá|São João Baptista de Ajudá]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Sao Tome dan Principe Portugal|Sao Tome dan Principe]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Timor Portugal|Timor]]</small> |
|||
|rowspan="2" | {{flagicon image|União Nacional Flag.svg}} [[Persatuan Nasional (Portugal)|Persatuan Nasional]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 30/07/1930<ref name="National Union (Portugal)">[http://portugal-info.net/history/second-republic.htm 12th Period - Second Republic of Portugal]</ref> |
|||
| 08/10/1945<ref name="National Union (Portugal)" /> |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| 31/01/1948<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2sZRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29#v=onepage&q&f=false Fascism and Resistance in Portugal: Communists, Liberals and Military]</ref> |
|||
| 25/04/1974 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Kerajaan Rumania|Rumania]] |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon|Romania}} [[Negara Legiun Nasional]]</small> |
|||
| [[Front Kebangkitan Nasional]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 16/12/1938 |
|||
| 21/06/1940 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Partai Bangsa]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 21/06/1940 |
|||
| 06/09/1940 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Legionary Movement.png}} [[Garda Besi]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 14/09/1940 |
|||
| 23/01/1941 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Rwanda|1962}} |
|||
|[[Parmehutu]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1965 |
|||
|1973 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino]] |
|||
|[[Partai Fasis San Marino]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1926 |
|||
|1943 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Partai Fasis Republik San Marino]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1943 |
|||
|1944 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of First Slovak Republic 1939-1945.svg}} [[Republik Slowakia Pertama|Republik Slowakia]] |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Hlinka party (1938–1945) variant 2.svg}} [[Partai Rakyat Slowakia|Partai Rakyat Slowakia Hlinka – Partai Persatuan Nasional Slowakia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 14/03/1939 |
|||
| 08/05/1945 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg}} [[Restorasi (Spanyol)|Kerajaan Spanyol]] |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg}} [[Guinea Spanyol|Guinea]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg}} [[Protektorat Spanyol di Maroko|Maroko]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg}} [[Sahara Spanyol|Sahara]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg}} [[Sidi Ifni]]</small> |
|||
|[[Persatuan Patriot Spanyol]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 14/04/1924 |
|||
| 30/01/1930 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg}} [[Spanyol Franco|Negara Spanyol]] |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg}} [[Guinea Spanyol|Guinea]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg}} [[Ifni]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg}} [[Protektorat Spanyol di Maroko|Maroko]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg}} [[Sahara Spanyol|Sahara]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg}} [[Sidi Ifni]]</small> |
|||
* <small>{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg}} [[Afrika Barat Spanyol|Afrika Barat]]</small> |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Bandera FE JONS.svg}} [[Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista|FET y de las JONS]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 19/04/1937 |
|||
| 06/07/1976<ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php%3Fid%3DBOE-A-1976-11502&prev=search Law 21/1976, of June 14, on the Right of Political Association. ]</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Sudan}} |
|||
| [[Kongres Nasional (Sudan)|Partai Kongres Nasional]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1989 |
|||
|2005 |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flagicon|Syria|1932}} [[Republik Suriah (1930-58)|Republik Suriah]] |
|||
|[[Gerakan Pembebasan Arab]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1953 |
|||
|1954 |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan="2"| {{flag|Togo}} |
|||
|[[Partai Persatuan Togo]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1962 |
|||
|1963 |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Gerakan Rakyat Togo]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1969 |
|||
|1991 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Turkmenistan}} |
|||
|[[Partai Demokratik Turkmenistan]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1992 |
|||
|2008 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon|Upper Volta}} [[Republik Volta Hulu|Volta Hulu]] |
|||
|[[Gerakan Demokratik Afrika (Burkina Faso)|Persatuan Demokratik Volta-Gerakan Demokratik Afrika]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1960 |
|||
|1966 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg}} [[Kerajaan Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] |
|||
|[[Demokrasi Petani Radikal Yugoslavia]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1929 |
|||
|1931 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon|Zaire}} [[Zaire]] |
|||
|[[Gerakan Revolusi Rakyat]] |
|||
| |
|||
| 1970 |
|||
|1990 |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
== Lihat pula == |
|||
* [[Daftar lagu partai politik]] |
|||
* [[Faksi politik|Faksionalisme politik]] |
|||
* [[Garis besar demokrasi]] |
|||
* [[Organisasi politik]] |
|||
* [[Pelarangan faksi di Partai Komunis Uni Soviet]] |
|||
* [[Sistem dua partai]] |
|||
* [[Sistem multipartai]] |
|||
* [[Sistem partai dominan]] |
|||
== Catatan == |
|||
{{notelist}} |
|||
== Referensi == |
|||
*[[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] - [[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]] |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
*[[Eritrea]] - [[Front Rakyat untuk Demokrasi dan Keadilan]] |
|||
*[[Korea Utara]] - [[Partai Pekerja Korea]] |
|||
*[[Kuba]] - [[Partai Komunis Kuba]] |
|||
*[[Laos]] - [[Partai Rakyat Revolusi Laos]] |
|||
*[[Republik Demokratik Arab Sahrawi]] - [[Polisario]] |
|||
*[[Vietnam]] - [[Partai Komunis Vietnam]] |
|||
== Pranala luar == |
|||
* [http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/oneparty.htm Map of One Party States, 1945-95] |
|||
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/14chapter11.shtml One-party states in Africa] BBC |
|||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027093132/http://geocities.com/kfzhouy/Party/Onepartye.html List of One-Party Regimes] |
|||
{{Jenis pemerintahan otoriter}} |
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{{politik-stub}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Portal bar|Politik}} |
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[[Kategori:Negara satu-partai]] |
[[Kategori:Negara satu-partai]] |
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[[Kategori:Oligarki]] |
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[[Kategori:Bentuk pemerintahan]] |
[[Kategori:Bentuk pemerintahan]] |
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[[Kategori:Sistem politik]] |
[[Kategori:Sistem politik]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 27 April 2023 12.05
Negara satu-partai, sistem satu partai, sistem monopartai, atau sistem partai tunggal adalah jenis pemerintahan sistem partai di mana hanya terdapat satu partai politik yang memiliki hak untuk menjalankan pemerintahan. Dalam sistem negara partai tunggal, pemerintah melarang pendirian partai politik lain dan membuat aturan-aturan yang memperkuat pelarangan itu.
Konsep
[sunting | sunting sumber]Partai yang memegang kekuasaan dalam pemerintahan memiliki pembenaran dalam melaksanakan kebijakan satu partainya, diantaranya adalah untuk menjamin persatuan nasional dan keyakinan bahwa partai menjadi sebuah entitas yang "melindungi revolusi" di mana legitimasinya tidak dapat dipertanyakan.
Beberapa negara satu partai hanya melarang partai oposisi, di mana partai yang dianggap memiliki ideologi dan tujuan yang sama biasanya bergabung dalam koalisi partai berkuasa di pemerintah, seperti front populer.
Kadang-kadang istilah de facto negara satu partai digunakan untuk menggambarkan negara dengan sistem partai dominan di mana partai politik yang berkuasa menggunakan kekuatannya untuk membuat peraturan yang mencegah pihak oposisi menggantikan kekuasaan partai berkuasa di pemerintahan.
Dalam negara mereka sendiri, partai-partai yang dominan berkuasa atas negara satu-partai sering disebut hanya sebagai Partai.
Contoh
[sunting | sunting sumber]Negara satu partai saat ini
[sunting | sunting sumber]Hingga 2018[update], negara-negara berikut ini merupakan negara satu partai secara resmi:
Bekas negara satu partai
[sunting | sunting sumber]Negara | Partai | Tanggal berdiri | Tanggal bubar |
---|---|---|---|
Republik Hawaii | Partai Reformasi Hawaii | 1894 | 1898 |
Bekas negara satu partai tenda besar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Negara | Partai | Tanggal berdiri | Tanggal bubar |
---|---|---|---|
Turki | Partai Rakyat Republik | 1923 1925 1930 |
1924 1930 1945 |
Kamerun | Gerakan Demokratik Rakyat Kamerun | 1975 | 1990 |
Bekas negara satu partai sayap kiri
[sunting | sunting sumber]Bekas negara satu partai Marxis–Leninis
[sunting | sunting sumber]Bekas negara satu partai sayap kanan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Negara | Partai | Tanggal berdiri | Tanggal bubar |
---|---|---|---|
Republik Tiongkok | Kuomintang | 1925 | 1996 |
Gabon | Partai Demokratik Gabon | 1968 | 1990 |
Iran | Partai Republik Islam | 1981 | 1987 |
Malawi | Partai Kongres Malawi | 1964 | 1993 |
Niger | Gerakan Pembangunan Masyarakat Nasional | 1989 | 1991 |
Rwanda | Gerakan Demokrasi dan Pembangunan Republik Nasional | 1978 | 1991 |
Bekas negara satu partai fasis atau nasionalis
[sunting | sunting sumber]Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Daftar lagu partai politik
- Faksionalisme politik
- Garis besar demokrasi
- Organisasi politik
- Pelarangan faksi di Partai Komunis Uni Soviet
- Sistem dua partai
- Sistem multipartai
- Sistem partai dominan
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ 24. Mali (1960-present)
- ^ a b c d e f The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson
- ^ Ideology And Political System By Kundan Kumar
- ^ Afghanistan: A Country Study
- ^ Afghanistan 1977
- ^ The Search for a Cameroonian Model of Democracy or the Search for the Domination of the State Party: 1966-2006
- ^ Central African Republic Unions Strike for Democracy 1990-1993
- ^ Mediterranean Fascism 1919–1945
- ^ a b c d e f China at War: Regions of China, 1937-1945
- ^ a b 12th Period - Second Republic of Portugal
- ^ Fascism and Resistance in Portugal: Communists, Liberals and Military
- ^ Law 21/1976, of June 14, on the Right of Political Association.