Yohanes

Santo

Yohanes sang Rasul
Santo; Yohanes sang Rasul
	Lukisan oleh Hans Memling, c. 1468; (The National Gallery, London)
Rasul
Lahir	c. c. 5 M; Betsaida, Galilea, Kekaisaran Romawi
Meninggal	c. 100 M (umur 95); tempat tidak diketahui, kemungkinan di Efesus, Asia Minor, Kekaisaran Romawi
Dihormati di	Semua denominasi Kekristenan yang memvenerasi santo
Pesta	27 Desember (Kristen ritus Barat); 26 September & 8 Mei (Kristen ritus Timur)
Atribut	buku, ular di cawan, kuali, elang
Pelindung	pengarang, teolog, penerbit, penjual buku, penyunting, pelukis.

Santo Yohanes (bahasa Yunani Ιωάννης - Ioannes; "Tuhan adalah baik/pemurah"), atau disebut juga Yohanes Rasul, Rasul Yohanes, atau Yohanes sang Rasul untuk membedakannya dengan Yohanes Pembaptis, adalah salah satu dari kedua belas rasul Yesus Kristus. Ia adalah putra dari Zebedeus. Ibunya diyakini bernama Salome. Yohanes adalah saudara dari rasul Yakobus yang juga termasuk kedua belas rasul. Dalam Injil, Yohanes dan Yakobus disebut Boanerges yang berarti "anak-anak guruh". Bapa-Bapa Gereja mengidentifikasinya sebagai Yohanes sang Penginjil, Yohanes dari Patmos, Yohanes sang Presbiter, dan Murid yang dikasihi Yesus, dan bersaksi bahwa ia hidup lebih lama dari rasul-rasul lainnya dan adalah satu-satunya rasul yang meninggal karena sebab-sebab alamiah, meskipun para sarjana modern terbagi dalam kebenaran klaim-klaim ini.

Tradisi mempercayai dia adalah penulis dari beberapa buku dalam Alkitab: Injil Yohanes, tiga surat (Surat 1 Yohanes, Surat 2 Yohanes, Surat 3 Yohanes) dan Wahyu kepada Yohanes. Buku-buku ini dikenal sebagai Sastra Yohanes.

Rujukan kepada Yohanes di Perjanjian Baru

Yohanes Rasul adalah putra dari Zebedeus dan adik dari Yakobus Besar. Menurut tradisi gereja, ibu mereka adalah Salome.^[4]^[5] Juga menurut beberapa tradisi, Salome adalah saudari Maria, ibu Yesus,^[5]^[6] menjadikan Salome bibi Yesus, dan anak-anaknya Yohanes Rasul dan Yakobus adalah sepupu Yesus.^[7]

Yohanes Rasul oleh tradisi dipercaya sebagai salah satu dari dua murid (yang lainnya adalah Andreas) yang dicatat dalam Yohanes 1:35-39, yang setelah mendengar Yohanes Pembaptis menunjuk pada Yesus sebagai "Anak Domba Allah", mengikut Yesus dan menghabiskan hari bersamanya, sehingga menjadi dua murid pertama yang dipanggil Yesus. Atas dasar ini beberapa tradisi mempercayai bahwa Yohanes awalnya adalah murid Yohanes Pembaptis, meskipun namanya tidak disebutkan dalam bagian cerita ini.^[8]

Masa tua Yohanes

Yohanes digoreng di dalam bak minyak mendidih di Roma, tetapi karena Tuhan masih ingin memakai Yohanes lebih lanjut, maka keajaiban terjadi sehingga walaupun ia telah di goreng hidup-hidup, ia masih bisa hidup terus. Tetapi akhirnya ia dibuang dan diasingkan ke pulau Patmos untuk kerja paksa di tambang batubara. Pada saat ia berada di sana, ia mendapatkan wahyu dari Allah sehingga ia bisa menulis kitab Wahyu. Kemudian ia dibebaskan dan akhirnya kembali menjadi uskup di Edessa (sekarang di wilayah Turki). Ia adalah satu-satunya Rasul yang mencapai usia lanjut dan meninggal dengan tenang.^{[butuh rujukan]}

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ Rabenstein, Katherine (December 1997). "John the Divine, Apostle and Evangelist (RM)". Saints O' the Day for December 27. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-06-08. Diakses tanggal 2007-05-14.
^ Wills, Garry (10 March 2015). The Future of the Catholic Church with Pope Francis. Penguin Publishing Group. hlm. 49. ISBN 978-0-698-15765-1. (Candida Moss marshals the historical evidence to prove that "we simply don't know how any of the apostles died, much less whether they were martyred.")⁶ Citing Moss, Candida (5 March 2013). The Myth of Persecution: How Early Christians Invented a Story of Martyrdom. HarperCollins. hlm. 136. ISBN 978-0-06-210454-0.
^
Nor do we have reliable accounts from later times. What we have are legends, about some of the apostles – chiefly Peter, Paul, Thomas, Andrew, and John. But the apocryphal Acts that tell their stories are indeed highly apocryphal.
— Bart D. Ehrman, "Were the Disciples Martyred for Believing the Resurrection? A Blast From the Past", ehrmanblog.org

Bart Ehrman
— Emerson Green, "Who Would Die for a Lie?", The big problem with this argument [of who would die for a lie] is that it assumes precisely what we don’t know. We don't know how most of the disciples died. The next time someone tells you they were all martyred, ask them how they know. Or better yet, ask them which ancient source they are referring to that says so. The reality is [that] we simply do not have reliable information about what happened to Jesus' disciples after he died. In fact, we scarcely have any information about them while they were still living, nor do we have reliable accounts from later times. What we have are legends.
^ by comparing Matthew 27:56:NKJV to Mark 15:40:NKJV
^ ^a ^b "Topical Bible: Salome". biblehub.com. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2020.
^ "John 19 Commentary – William Barclay's Daily Study Bible". StudyLight.org. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2020.
^ "The Disciples of Our Saviour". biblehub.com. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2020.
^ "John, The Apostle – International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". Bible Study Tools. Diakses tanggal 23 July 2020.

Pranala luar

John the Apostle on Find-A-Grave
Catholic Encyclopedia: St. John the Evangelist
John the Apostle in Art Diarsipkan 2006-04-22 di Wayback Machine.
John in Art
The Immortal by JJ Dewey
Repose of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian Orthodox icon and synaxarion for September 26
Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian icon and synaxarion for May 8

Artikel bertopik biografi tokoh ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[patrick-1] Rabenstein, Katherine (December 1997). "John the Divine, Apostle and Evangelist (RM)". Saints O' the Day for December 27. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-06-08. Diakses tanggal 2007-05-14.

[2] Wills, Garry (10 March 2015). The Future of the Catholic Church with Pope Francis. Penguin Publishing Group. hlm. 49. ISBN 978-0-698-15765-1. (Candida Moss marshals the historical evidence to prove that "we simply don't know how any of the apostles died, much less whether they were martyred.")⁶ Citing Moss, Candida (5 March 2013). The Myth of Persecution: How Early Christians Invented a Story of Martyrdom. HarperCollins. hlm. 136. ISBN 978-0-06-210454-0.

[3] 
Nor do we have reliable accounts from later times. What we have are legends, about some of the apostles – chiefly Peter, Paul, Thomas, Andrew, and John. But the apocryphal Acts that tell their stories are indeed highly apocryphal.
— Bart D. Ehrman, "Were the Disciples Martyred for Believing the Resurrection? A Blast From the Past", ehrmanblog.org

Bart Ehrman
— Emerson Green, "Who Would Die for a Lie?", The big problem with this argument [of who would die for a lie] is that it assumes precisely what we don’t know. We don't know how most of the disciples died. The next time someone tells you they were all martyred, ask them how they know. Or better yet, ask them which ancient source they are referring to that says so. The reality is [that] we simply do not have reliable information about what happened to Jesus' disciples after he died. In fact, we scarcely have any information about them while they were still living, nor do we have reliable accounts from later times. What we have are legends.

[4] y comparing Matthew 27:56:NKJV to Mark 15:40:NKJV

[:1-5] "Topical Bible: Salome". biblehub.com. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2020.

[6] "John 19 Commentary – William Barclay's Daily Study Bible". StudyLight.org. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2020.

[7] "The Disciples of Our Saviour". biblehub.com. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2020.

[8] "John, The Apostle – International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". Bible Study Tools. Diakses tanggal 23 July 2020.

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