Biologi konservasi: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 11 Oktober 2023 00.49

Biologi konservasi adalah sebuah studi mengenai alam dan status dari keanekaragaman hayati bumi dengan tujuan melindungi spesies, habitat, dan ekosistem hewan dan tumbuhan dari laju kepunahan dan erosi interaksi biotik.^[1]^[2]^[3] Biologi konservasi merupakan sebuah subjek interdisipliner yang mengacu pada ilmu alam dan ilmu sosial, dan praktik manajemen sumber daya alam.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Asal

Istilah biologi konservasi sebagai bidang baru dan segala konsep di dalamnya bermula dari diselenggarakannya “The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology” yang diadakan di Universitas California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, pada tahun 1978. Konferensi tersebut mempertemukan ahli biologi Amerika Bruce A. Wilcox dan Michael E. Soulé dengan sekelompok peneliti dan konservasionis universitas dan kebun binatang terkemuka; Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy dan Jared Diamond. Konferensi tersebut dilatarbelakangi oeh keprihatinan atas deforestasi hutan tropis, hilangnya spesies, dan mengikisnya keragaman genetik dalam spesies. Konferensi dan temuan-temuan yang dihasilkan berusaha untuk memulai menjembatani kesenjangan antara teori dalam ekologi dan genetika evolusioner di satu sisi dan kebijakan dan praktik konservasi di sisi lain.^[8]

Biologi konservasi dan konsep keanekaragaman hayati (biodiversity) muncul bersamaan, membantu memperjelas ilmu dan kebijakan konservasi di era modern. Dasar multidisiplin yang melekat untuk biologi konservasi mlahirkan subdisiplin baru termasuk ilmu sosial konservasi, perilaku konservasi dan fisiologi konservasi.^[9]

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ Sahney, S. and Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time" (PDdfafvfgfdg Ashley is AwesomeF). Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological. 275 (1636): 759–65. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898 . PMID 18198148. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-17. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-28.
^ Wilcox, Bruce A.; Soulé, Michael E.; Soulé, Michael E. (1980). Conservation biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-800-1.
^ Soule ME; Soule, Michael E. (1986). "What is Conservation Biology?" (PDF). BioScience. American Institute of Biological Sciences. 35 (11): 727–34. doi:10.2307/1310054. JSTOR 1310054. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2019-04-12. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-28.
^ Soule, Michael E. (1986). Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sinauer Associates. hlm. 584. ISBN 9780878937950.
^ Hunter, Malcolm L. (1996). Fundamentals of conservation biology. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-86542-371-7.
^ Meffe, Gary K.; Martha J. Groom (2006). Principles of conservation biology (edisi ke-3rd). Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-518-5.
^ van Dyke, Fred (2008). Conservation Biology: Foundations, Concepts, Applications, 2nd ed. Springer Verlag. hlm. 478. ISBN 9781402068904.
^ Soulé, Michael E.; Wilcox, Bruce A. (1980). Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-ecological Perspective (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-87893-800-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2022-12-13.
^ Cooke, Steven J.; Sack, Lawren; Franklin, Craig E.; Farrell, Anthony P.; Beardall, John; Wikelski, Martin; Chown, Steven L. (2013-03-13). "What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science". Conservation Physiology. 1 (1): cot001. doi:10.1093/conphys/cot001. ISSN 2051-1434. PMC 4732437 . PMID 27293585. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-14. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-14.

Bahan bacaan terkait

Bowen B. W. (1999). "Preserving genes, species, or ecosystems? Healing the fractured foundations of conservation policy" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 8: S5–S10.
Brooks T. M., Mittermeier R. A., Gerlach J., Hoffmann M., Lamoreux J. F., Mittermeier C. G., Pilgrim J. D., Rodrigues A. S. L. (2006). "Global Biodiversity Conservation Priorities". Science. 313 (5783): 58. Bibcode:2006Sci...313...58B. doi:10.1126/science.1127609.
Kareiva P., Marvier M. (2003). "Conserving Biodiversity Coldspots" (PDF). American Scientist. 91 (4): 344–351. Archived from the original on 2006-09-06. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-28. Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (link)
McCallum M. L. (2008). "Amphibian Decline or Extinction? Current Declines Dwarf Background Extinction Rate" (PDF). Journal of Herpetology. 41 (3): 483–491. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2008-12-17. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-28.
Myers N., Mittermeier R. A., Mittermeier C. G., Kent J. (2000). "Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities". Nature. 403 (6772): 853–858. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..853M. doi:10.1038/35002501. PMID 10706275. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
Brooks T. M., Mittermeier R. A., Gerlach J., Hoffmann M., Lamoreux J. F., Mittermeier C. G., Pilgrim J. D., Rodrigues A. S. L. (2006). "Global Biodiversity Conservation Priorities". Science. 313 (5783): 58. Bibcode:2006Sci...313...58B. doi:10.1126/science.1127609.
Kareiva P., Marvier M. (2003). "Conserving Biodiversity Coldspots" (PDF). American Scientist. 91 (4): 344–351. Archived from the original on 2006-09-06. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-28. Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (link)
McCallum M. L. (2013). "Google search patterns suggest declining interest in the environment". Biodiversity and Conservation. doi:10.1007/s10531-013-0476-6.
Myers N., Mittermeier R. A., Mittermeier C. G., Kent J. (2000). "Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities" (PDF). Nature. 403 (6772): 853–858. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..853M. doi:10.1038/35002501. PMID 10706275. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2009-03-27. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-28.
Wake D. B., Vredenburg V. T. (2008). "Are we in the midst of the sixth mass extinction? A view from the world of amphibians". PNAS. 105 (1): 11466–11473. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10511466W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0801921105. PMC 2556420 . PMID 18695221. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-19. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-28.
Crowder, Larry B.; Norse, Elliott A.; Marine Conservation Biology Institute. (2005). Marine conservation biology: the science of maintaining the sea's biodiversity. Washington, DC: Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-662-9.
Groom, Martha J.; Meffe, Gary K.; Carroll, C. Ronald. (2006). Principles of Conservation Biology. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0878935975.
Primack, Richard B. (2004). A primer of Conservation Biology. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-728-5.
Primack, Richard B. (2006). Essentials of Conservation Biology. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-720-X.
Wilcox, Bruce A.; Soulé, Michael E.; Soulé, Michael E. (1980). Conservation Biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-800-1.
Kleiman, Devra G.; Thompson, Katerina V.; Baer, Charlotte Kirk (2010). Wild Mammals in Captivity. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-44009-5.
Scheldeman, X. & van Zonneveld, M. (2010). Training Manual on Spatial Analysis of Plant Diversity and Distribution. Bioversity International.
Sodhi, Navjot S. & Ehrlich, Paul R. (2010). Conservation biology for all. Oxford University Press. A free textbook for download.

Christy, Bryan (2008). The Lizard King: The true crimes and passions of the world's greatest reptile smugglers. New York: Twelve. ISBN 0-446-58095-3.
Conservation Biology, jurnal peer-reviewed dari Society for Conservation Biology
Diversity and Distributions
Biological conservation
Conservation letters
Animal conservation
Conservation Diarsipkan 2012-04-02 di Wayback Machine., a quarterly magazine published by the Society for Conservation Biology
Ecology & Society
Conservation & Society Diarsipkan 2010-08-08 di Wayback Machine.
The Open Conservation Biology Journal Diarsipkan 2010-07-21 di Wayback Machine.
White, James Emery; Kapoor-Vijay, Promila (1992). Conservation biology: a training manual for biological diversity and genetic resources. London: Commonwealth Science Council, Commonwealth Secretariat. ISBN 0850923921.

Pranala luar

Conservation Biology Institute (CBI)
United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC)
Conservation and Research for Endangered Species (CRES) Diarsipkan 2018-03-19 di Wayback Machine.
The Center for Biodiversity and Conservation - (American Museum of Natural History)
(Inggris) Entri Conservation Biology di Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy oleh Sahotra Sarkar
Dictionary of the History of Ideas Diarsipkan 2006-09-09 di Wayback Machine.
Conservation evidence.com - Free access to conservation studies
Conservationists Use Triage to Determine which Species to Save and Not; Like battlefield medics, conservationists are being forced to explicitly apply triage to determine which creatures to save and which to let go July 23, 2012 Scientific American

Artikel bertopik biologi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[SahneyBenton2008RecoveryFromProfoundExtinction-1] Sahney, S. and Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time" (PDdfafvfgfdg Ashley is AwesomeF). Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological. 275 (1636): 759–65. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898 . PMID 18198148. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-17. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-28.

[ConsBiol80-2] Wilcox, Bruce A.; Soulé, Michael E.; Soulé, Michael E. (1980). Conservation biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-800-1.

[3] Soule ME; Soule, Michael E. (1986). "What is Conservation Biology?" (PDF). BioScience. American Institute of Biological Sciences. 35 (11): 727–34. doi:10.2307/1310054. JSTOR 1310054. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2019-04-12. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-28.

[Soule86-4] Soule, Michael E. (1986). Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sinauer Associates. hlm. 584. ISBN 9780878937950.

[Hunter96-5] Hunter, Malcolm L. (1996). Fundamentals of conservation biology. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-86542-371-7.

[Groom06-6] Meffe, Gary K.; Martha J. Groom (2006). Principles of conservation biology (edisi ke-3rd). Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-518-5.

[Dyke08-7] van Dyke, Fred (2008). Conservation Biology: Foundations, Concepts, Applications, 2nd ed. Springer Verlag. hlm. 478. ISBN 9781402068904.

[8] Soulé, Michael E.; Wilcox, Bruce A. (1980). Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-ecological Perspective (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-87893-800-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2022-12-13.

[9] Cooke, Steven J.; Sack, Lawren; Franklin, Craig E.; Farrell, Anthony P.; Beardall, John; Wikelski, Martin; Chown, Steven L. (2013-03-13). "What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science". Conservation Physiology. 1 (1): cot001. doi:10.1093/conphys/cot001. ISSN 2051-1434. PMC 4732437 . PMID 27293585. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-14. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-14.

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 [[Berkas:Extinction_intensity.svg|jmpl|ka|273px|Grafik yang menunjukan kejadian kepunahan sekian persen genus hewan pada masa lampau]]
 {{Ilmu}}
-'''Biologi konservasi''' adalah sebuah studi mengenai alam dan status dari [[keanekaragaman hayati]] bumi dengan tujuan melindungi [[spesies]], [[habitat]], dan [[ekosistem]] hewan dan tumbuhan dari laju [[kepunahan]] dan erosi interaksi biotik.<ref name="SahneyBenton2008RecoveryFromProfoundExtinction">{{cite journal | url=http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/275/1636/759.full.pdf+html| author=Sahney, S. and Benton, M.J. | year=2008 | title=Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time | journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological | doi=10.1098/rspb.2007.1370 | volume = 275 | pages = 759–65|format=PDdfafvfgfdg Ashley is AwesomeF | pmid=18198148 | issue=1636 | pmc=2596898}}</ref><ref name=ConsBiol80>{{cite book|author=Wilcox, Bruce A.; Soulé, Michael E.; Soulé, Michael E.|title=Conservation biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective|publisher=Sinauer Associates|location=Sunderland, Mass|year=1980|isbn=0-87893-800-1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Soule ME |title=What is Conservation Biology? |journal=BioScience |volume=35 |issue=11 |pages=727–34 |year=1986 |url=http://www.michaelsoule.com/resource_files/85/85_resource_file1.pdf |doi=10.2307/1310054 |jstor=1310054 |publisher=American Institute of Biological Sciences |last2=Soule |first2=Michael E. |access-date=2013-11-28 |archive-date=2019-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412085412/http://www.michaelsoule.com/resource_files/85/85_resource_file1.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Biologi konservasi merupakan sebuah subjek interdisipliner yang mengacu pada ilmu alam dan ilmu sosial, dan praktik [[manajemen sumber daya alam]].<ref name="Soule86">{{cite book|last = Soule|first= Michael E.|title=Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity|year = 1986|publisher = Sinauer Associates|page = 584|isbn=978-0-87893-795-0)}}</ref><ref name="Hunter96">{{cite book|author=Hunter, Malcolm L.|title=Fundamentals of conservation biology|publisher=Blackwell Science|location=Oxford|year=1996|isbn=0-86542-371-7 }}</ref><ref name="Groom06">{{cite book|author=Meffe, Gary K.; Martha J. Groom|title=Principles of conservation biology|url=https://archive.org/details/principlesofcons0000groo|publisher=Sinauer Associates|location=Sunderland, Mass|year=2006|isbn=0-87893-518-5|edition=3rd}}</ref><ref name="Dyke08">{{cite book|last = van Dyke|first=Fred|title=Conservation Biology: Foundations, Concepts, Applications, 2nd ed.|url = https://archive.org/details/conservationbiol00dyke|year = 2008|publisher = Springer Verlag|page = [https://archive.org/details/conservationbiol00dyke/page/n479 478]|isbn=978-1-4020-6890-4 (hc)}}</ref>
+'''Biologi konservasi''' adalah sebuah studi mengenai [[alam]] dan status dari [[keanekaragaman hayati]] bumi dengan tujuan melindungi [[spesies]], [[habitat]], dan [[ekosistem]] hewan dan tumbuhan dari laju [[kepunahan]] dan erosi interaksi biotik.<ref name="SahneyBenton2008RecoveryFromProfoundExtinction">{{cite journal | url=http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/275/1636/759.full.pdf+html | author=Sahney, S. and Benton, M.J. | year=2008 | title=Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time | journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological | doi=10.1098/rspb.2007.1370 | volume=275 | pages=759–65 | format=PDdfafvfgfdg Ashley is AwesomeF | pmid=18198148 | issue=1636 | pmc=2596898 | access-date=2013-11-28 | archive-date=2015-10-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017093551/http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/275/1636/759.full.pdf+html | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=ConsBiol80>{{cite book|author=Wilcox, Bruce A.; Soulé, Michael E.; Soulé, Michael E.|title=Conservation biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/conservationbiol0000unse_r2d7|publisher=Sinauer Associates|location=Sunderland, Mass|year=1980|isbn=0-87893-800-1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Soule ME |title=What is Conservation Biology? |journal=BioScience |volume=35 |issue=11 |pages=727–34 |year=1986 |url=http://www.michaelsoule.com/resource_files/85/85_resource_file1.pdf |doi=10.2307/1310054 |jstor=1310054 |publisher=American Institute of Biological Sciences |last2=Soule |first2=Michael E. |access-date=2013-11-28 |archive-date=2019-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412085412/http://www.michaelsoule.com/resource_files/85/85_resource_file1.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Biologi konservasi merupakan sebuah subjek interdisipliner yang mengacu pada ilmu alam dan ilmu sosial, dan praktik [[manajemen sumber daya alam]].<ref name="Soule86">{{cite book|last=Soule|first=Michael E.|year=1986|title=Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity|publisher=Sinauer Associates|isbn=9780878937950|page=584|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hunter96">{{cite book|author=Hunter, Malcolm L.|title=Fundamentals of conservation biology|url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofco00hunt|publisher=Blackwell Science|location=Oxford|year=1996|isbn=0-86542-371-7 }}</ref><ref name="Groom06">{{cite book|author=Meffe, Gary K.; Martha J. Groom|title=Principles of conservation biology|url=https://archive.org/details/principlesofcons0000groo|publisher=Sinauer Associates|location=Sunderland, Mass|year=2006|isbn=0-87893-518-5|edition=3rd}}</ref><ref name="Dyke08">{{cite book|last=van Dyke|first=Fred|year=2008|url=https://archive.org/details/conservationbiol00dyke|title=Conservation Biology: Foundations, Concepts, Applications, 2nd ed.|publisher=Springer Verlag|isbn=9781402068904|page=[https://archive.org/details/conservationbiol00dyke/page/n479 478]|url-status=live}}</ref>
+== Asal ==
+Istilah biologi konservasi sebagai bidang baru dan segala konsep di dalamnya bermula dari diselenggarakannya “The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology” yang diadakan di [[Universitas California]], San Diego, La Jolla, California, pada tahun 1978. Konferensi tersebut  mempertemukan ahli biologi Amerika Bruce A. Wilcox dan Michael E. Soulé dengan sekelompok peneliti dan konservasionis universitas dan kebun binatang terkemuka; Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy dan [[Jared Diamond]]. Konferensi tersebut dilatarbelakangi oeh keprihatinan atas deforestasi hutan tropis, hilangnya spesies, dan mengikisnya keragaman genetik dalam spesies. Konferensi dan temuan-temuan yang dihasilkan berusaha untuk memulai menjembatani kesenjangan antara teori dalam ekologi dan genetika evolusioner di satu sisi dan kebijakan dan praktik konservasi di sisi lain.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Soulé|first=Michael E.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Bruce A.|date=1980|url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Conservation_Biology.html?id=YPgTAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-ecological Perspective|publisher=Oxford University Press, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-87893-800-1|language=en|access-date=2022-12-13|archive-date=2022-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213202641/https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Conservation_Biology.html?id=YPgTAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y|dead-url=no}}</ref>
+Biologi konservasi dan konsep keanekaragaman hayati (''biodiversity'') muncul bersamaan, membantu memperjelas ilmu dan kebijakan konservasi di era modern. Dasar multidisiplin yang melekat untuk biologi konservasi mlahirkan subdisiplin baru termasuk ilmu sosial konservasi, perilaku konservasi dan fisiologi konservasi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cooke|first=Steven J.|last2=Sack|first2=Lawren|last3=Franklin|first3=Craig E.|last4=Farrell|first4=Anthony P.|last5=Beardall|first5=John|last6=Wikelski|first6=Martin|last7=Chown|first7=Steven L.|date=2013-03-13|title=What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4732437/|journal=Conservation Physiology|volume=1|issue=1|pages=cot001|doi=10.1093/conphys/cot001|issn=2051-1434|pmc=4732437|pmid=27293585|access-date=2023-01-14|archive-date=2023-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114200349/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4732437/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
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 == Lihat pula ==
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 * [[Alam liar]]
 * [[Biologi terapan]]
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 * [[World Forestry Congress]]
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 == Referensi ==
 {{reflist|33em}}
@@ Baris 48: / Baris 53: @@
 * {{cite journal | author = Bowen B. W. | year = 1999 | title = Preserving genes, species, or ecosystems? Healing the fractured foundations of conservation policy | url = http://nature.berkeley.edu/genomicswg/EE_twentyeight.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Molecular Ecology | volume = 8 | issue = | pages = S5–S10 }}
 * {{cite journal | author = Brooks T. M., Mittermeier R. A., Gerlach J., Hoffmann M., Lamoreux J. F., Mittermeier C. G., Pilgrim J. D., Rodrigues A. S. L. | year = 2006 | title = Global Biodiversity Conservation Priorities | url = | journal = Science | volume = 313 | issue = 5783| page = 58 |bibcode = 2006Sci...313...58B |doi = 10.1126/science.1127609 }}
-* {{cite journal | author = Kareiva P., Marvier M. | year = 2003 | title = Conserving Biodiversity Coldspots | url = http://web.archive.org/web/20060906162035/http://www.nau.edu/~envsci/sisk/courses/env440/readings/Kareiva+et+al+2003+Am+Sci.pdf | format = PDF | journal = American Scientist | volume = 91 | issue = 4 | pages = 344–351 | access-date = 2013-11-28 | archive-date = 2006-09-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060906162035/http://www.nau.edu/~envsci/sisk/courses/env440/readings/Kareiva+et+al+2003+Am+Sci.pdf | dead-url = no }}
+* {{cite journal | author = Kareiva P., Marvier M. | year = 2003 | title = Conserving Biodiversity Coldspots | url = http://www.nau.edu/~envsci/sisk/courses/env440/readings/Kareiva+et+al+2003+Am+Sci.pdf | format = PDF | journal = American Scientist | volume = 91 | issue = 4 | pages = 344–351 | access-date = 2013-11-28 | archive-date = 2006-09-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060906162035/http://www.nau.edu/~envsci/sisk/courses/env440/readings/Kareiva+et+al+2003+Am+Sci.pdf | dead-url = unfit }}
 * {{cite journal | author = McCallum M. L. | year = 2008 | title = Amphibian Decline or Extinction? Current Declines Dwarf Background Extinction Rate | url = https://www.herpconbio.org/~herpconb/McCallum/amphibian%20extinctions.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Journal of Herpetology | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 483–491 | access-date = 2013-11-28 | archive-date = 2008-12-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217133741/https://www.herpconbio.org/~herpconb/McCallum/amphibian%20extinctions.pdf | dead-url = yes }}
 * {{cite journal | author = Myers N., Mittermeier R. A., Mittermeier C. G., Kent J. | year = 2000 | title = Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities | url = http://planet.botany.uwc.ac.za/nisl/Gwen%27s%20Files/Biodiversity/Chapters/Ready%20to%20Upload/Myerseta | journal = Nature | volume = 403 | issue = 6772 | pages = 853–858 | bibcode = 2000Natur.403..853M | doi = 10.1038/35002501 | pmid = 10706275 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Agustus 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
 * {{cite journal | author = Brooks T. M., Mittermeier R. A., Gerlach J., Hoffmann M., Lamoreux J. F., Mittermeier C. G., Pilgrim J. D., Rodrigues A. S. L. | year = 2006 | title = Global Biodiversity Conservation Priorities | url = | journal = Science | volume = 313 | issue = 5783| page = 58 |bibcode = 2006Sci...313...58B |doi = 10.1126/science.1127609 }}
-* {{cite journal | author = Kareiva P., Marvier M. | year = 2003 | title = Conserving Biodiversity Coldspots | url = http://web.archive.org/web/20060906162035/http://www.nau.edu/~envsci/sisk/courses/env440/readings/Kareiva+et+al+2003+Am+Sci.pdf | format = PDF | journal = American Scientist | volume = 91 | issue = 4 | pages = 344–351 | access-date = 2013-11-28 | archive-date = 2006-09-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060906162035/http://www.nau.edu/~envsci/sisk/courses/env440/readings/Kareiva+et+al+2003+Am+Sci.pdf | dead-url = no }}
+* {{cite journal | author = Kareiva P., Marvier M. | year = 2003 | title = Conserving Biodiversity Coldspots | url = http://www.nau.edu/~envsci/sisk/courses/env440/readings/Kareiva+et+al+2003+Am+Sci.pdf | format = PDF | journal = American Scientist | volume = 91 | issue = 4 | pages = 344–351 | access-date = 2013-11-28 | archive-date = 2006-09-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060906162035/http://www.nau.edu/~envsci/sisk/courses/env440/readings/Kareiva+et+al+2003+Am+Sci.pdf | dead-url = unfit }}
 * {{cite journal | author = McCallum M. L. | year = 2013 | title = Google search patterns suggest declining interest in the environment | url = http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10531-013-0476-6 | journal = Biodiversity and Conservation | doi=10.1007/s10531-013-0476-6}}
-* {{cite journal | author = Myers N., Mittermeier R. A., Mittermeier C. G., Kent J. | year = 2000 | title = Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities | url = http://planet.botany.uwc.ac.za/nisl/Gwen%27s%20Files/Biodiversity/Chapters/Ready%20to%20Upload/Myersetal2000.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Nature | volume = 403 | issue = 6772| pages = 853–858 |bibcode = 2000Natur.403..853M |doi = 10.1038/35002501 | pmid=10706275}}
+* {{cite journal | author = Myers N., Mittermeier R. A., Mittermeier C. G., Kent J. | year = 2000 | title = Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities | url = http://planet.botany.uwc.ac.za/nisl/Gwen%27s%20Files/Biodiversity/Chapters/Ready%20to%20Upload/Myersetal2000.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Nature | volume = 403 | issue = 6772 | pages = 853–858 | bibcode = 2000Natur.403..853M | doi = 10.1038/35002501 | pmid = 10706275 | access-date = 2013-11-28 | archive-date = 2009-03-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090327104417/http://planet.botany.uwc.ac.za/nisl/Gwen%27s%20Files/Biodiversity/Chapters/Ready%20to%20Upload/Myersetal2000.pdf | dead-url = yes }}
 * {{cite journal | author = Wake D. B., Vredenburg V. T. | year = 2008 | title = Are we in the midst of the sixth mass extinction? A view from the world of amphibians | url = http://www.pnas.org/content/105/suppl.1/11466.full.pdf+html | journal = PNAS | volume = 105 | issue = 1 | pages = 11466–11473 | bibcode = 2008PNAS..10511466W | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0801921105 | pmid = 18695221 | pmc = 2556420 | access-date = 2013-11-28 | archive-date = 2012-08-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120819034815/http://www.pnas.org/content/105/suppl.1/11466.full.pdf+html | dead-url = yes }}
 * {{Cite book|author=Crowder, Larry B.; Norse, Elliott A.; Marine Conservation Biology Institute.|title=Marine conservation biology: the science of maintaining the sea's biodiversity|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC|year=2005|isbn=1-55963-662-9 }}
-* {{Cite book|author=Groom, Martha J.; Meffe, Gary K.; Carroll, C. Ronald.|title=Principles of Conservation Biology|publisher=Sinauer Associates|location=Sunderland, Mass|year=2006|isbn=0-87893-597-5 }}
+* {{Cite book|author=Groom, Martha J.; Meffe, Gary K.; Carroll, C. Ronald.|title=Principles of Conservation Biology|publisher=Sinauer Associates|location=Sunderland, Mass|year=2006|isbn=0878935975|url-status=live}}
 * {{Cite book|author=Primack, Richard B.|title=A primer of Conservation Biology|url=https://archive.org/details/primerofconserva00rich|publisher=Sinauer Associates|location=Sunderland, Mass|year=2004|isbn=0-87893-728-5 }}
 * {{Cite book|author=Primack, Richard B.|title=Essentials of Conservation Biology|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialsofcons0000prim_r2u2|publisher=Sinauer Associates|location=Sunderland, Mass|year=2006|isbn=0-87893-720-X }}
-* {{Cite book|author=Wilcox, Bruce A.; Soulé, Michael E.; Soulé, Michael E.|title=Conservation Biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective|publisher=Sinauer Associates|location=Sunderland, Mass|year=1980|isbn=0-87893-800-1 }}
+* {{Cite book|author=Wilcox, Bruce A.; Soulé, Michael E.; Soulé, Michael E.|title=Conservation Biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/conservationbiol0000unse_r2d7|publisher=Sinauer Associates|location=Sunderland, Mass|year=1980|isbn=0-87893-800-1 }}
 * {{Cite book|author=Kleiman, Devra G.; Thompson, Katerina V.; Baer, Charlotte Kirk|title=Wild Mammals in Captivity|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago, Illinois|year=2010|isbn=978-0-226-44009-5}}
 * {{cite book
@@ Baris 76: / Baris 81: @@
 * {{Cite book|author=Christy, Bryan|title=The Lizard King: The true crimes and passions of the world's greatest reptile smugglers|url=https://archive.org/details/lizardkingtruecr00chri|publisher=Twelve|location=New York|year=2008|isbn=0-446-58095-3 }}
-* ''[[Conservation Biology (journal)|Conservation Biology]]'', a [[peer-reviewed]] [[Academic journal|journal]] of the [[Society for Conservation Biology]]
+* ''[[Conservation Biology (journal)|Conservation Biology]]'', jurnal ''peer-reviewed'' dari [[Society for Conservation Biology]]
-* ''Diversity and Distributions'' [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291472-4642]
+* [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291472-4642 ''Diversity and Distributions'']
-* ''Biological conservation'' [http://www.journals.elsevier.com/biological-conservation/]
+* ''[http://www.journals.elsevier.com/biological-conservation/ Biological conservation]''
-* ''Conservation letters'' [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291755-263X]
+* ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291755-263X Conservation letters]''
-* ''Animal conservation'' [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291469-1795]
+* ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291469-1795 Animal conservation]''
-* ''Conservation'' [http://blackwellpublishing.com:443/journal.asp?ref=1936-2145&site=1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402201237/http://blackwellpublishing.com:443/journal.asp?ref=1936-2145&site=1 |date=2012-04-02 }}, a quarterly magazine published by the Society for Conservation Biology
+* ''[http://blackwellpublishing.com:443/journal.asp?ref=1936-2145&site=1 Conservation]''  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402201237/http://blackwellpublishing.com:443/journal.asp?ref=1936-2145&site=1 |date=2012-04-02 }}, a quarterly magazine published by the Society for Conservation Biology
-* ''Ecology & Society'' [http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/]
+* ''[http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/ Ecology & Society]''
-* ''Conservation & Society'' [http://www.conservationandsociety.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808205443/http://www.conservationandsociety.org/ |date=2010-08-08 }}
+* ''[http://www.conservationandsociety.org/ Conservation & Society]''  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808205443/http://www.conservationandsociety.org/ |date=2010-08-08 }}
-* ''The Open Conservation Biology Journal'' [http://www.bentham.org/open/toconsbj/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721002051/http://www.bentham.org/open/toconsbj/ |date=2010-07-21 }}
+* ''[http://www.bentham.org/open/toconsbj/ The Open Conservation Biology Journal]''  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721002051/http://www.bentham.org/open/toconsbj/ |date=2010-07-21 }}
-* {{Cite book|author=White, James Emery; Kapoor-Vijay, Promila|title=Conservation biology: a training manual for biological diversity and genetic resources|url=https://archive.org/details/conservationbiol0000unse_b9x6|publisher=Commonwealth Science Council, Commonwealth Secretariat|location=London|year=1992|isbn=0-85092-392-1 }}
+* {{Cite book|author=White, James Emery; Kapoor-Vijay, Promila|title=Conservation biology: a training manual for biological diversity and genetic resources|url=https://archive.org/details/conservationbiol0000unse_b9x6|publisher=Commonwealth Science Council, Commonwealth Secretariat|location=London|year=1992|isbn=0850923921|url-status=live}}
 </div>

l b s Teknologi lingkungan
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