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Baris 8: Baris 8:
|map = RFE Broadcast Regions crop.jpg
|map = RFE Broadcast Regions crop.jpg
|msize = 300px
|msize = 300px
|mcaption = RFE/RL Broadcast Region 2009
|mcaption = Kawasan penyiaran RFE/RL pada 2009
|abbreviation = RFE/RL
|abbreviation = RFE/RL
|motto = Free Media in Unfree Societies
|motto = Free Media in Unfree Societies
|formation = 1949 (Radio Free Europe), 1953 (Radio Liberty), 1976 (bergabung)
|formation = 1949 (Radio Free Europe), 1953 (Radio Liberty), 1976 (bergabung)
|type = [[501(c)|Perusahaan Sec 501(c)3 nirlaba swasta]]
|type = [[501(c)|Perusahaan Sec 501(c)3 nirlaba swasta]]
|purpose = Broadcast Media
|purpose = Penyiaran media
|headquarters = Prague Broadcast Center
|headquarters = Prague Broadcast Center
|location = [[Praha]]
|location = [[Praha]]
Baris 20: Baris 20:
|leader_title = Manajer Interim
|leader_title = Manajer Interim
|leader_name = John Giambalvo, Nenad Pejic (sejak 28 Februari 2014);<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/rferl-appoints-interim-managers/25281045.html RFE/RL Appoints Interim Managers], RFE/RL, February 28, 2014</ref> Jeffrey Shell (ketua dewan RFE/RL sejak Oktober 2013).<ref>[http://www.bbg.gov/wp-content/media/2013/10/Resolution-Regarding-the-Boards-of-Directors-of-BBG-Funded-Grantees.pdf Resolution] Regarding the Boards of Directors of BBG-Funded Grantees, BBG, October 23, 2013.</ref>
|leader_name = John Giambalvo, Nenad Pejic (sejak 28 Februari 2014);<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/rferl-appoints-interim-managers/25281045.html RFE/RL Appoints Interim Managers], RFE/RL, February 28, 2014</ref> Jeffrey Shell (ketua dewan RFE/RL sejak Oktober 2013).<ref>[http://www.bbg.gov/wp-content/media/2013/10/Resolution-Regarding-the-Boards-of-Directors-of-BBG-Funded-Grantees.pdf Resolution] Regarding the Boards of Directors of BBG-Funded Grantees, BBG, October 23, 2013.</ref>
⚫
|parent_organization = [[Badan Media Global Amerika Serikat]]
|audience = 18 juta (FY 13 tanpa duplikat)
⚫
|parent_organization = [[Broadcasting Board of Governors]]
|num_staff = 487
|num_staff = 487
|num_volunteers =
|num_volunteers =
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}}
}}


'''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''' ('''RFE'''/'''RL''') adalah badan penyiaran [[media negara|milik negara]] [[Amerika Serikat]] yang menyediakan berita, informasi, dan analisis ke negara-negara di [[Eropa Timur]], [[Asia Tengah]], dan [[Timur Tengah]] yang "kemampuan penyaluran informasinya belum berkembang atau dilarang oleh pemerintah".<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/section/FAQ/777.html#section5 About RFE/RL - FAQs]</ref> RFE/RL adalah perusahaan [[Organisasi 501(c)#501(c)(3)|501(c)(3)]] yang tidak menerima pembiayaan dari pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan diawasi oleh [[Broadcasting Board of Governors]], badan yang mengawasi seluruh layanan penyiaran internasional pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat.<ref>[http://www.bbg.gov Broadcasting Board of Governors (official site)]</ref>
'''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''' ('''RFE'''/'''RL''') adalah badan penyiaran [[media negara|milik negara]] [[Amerika Serikat]] yang menyediakan berita, informasi, dan analisis ke negara-negara di [[Eropa Timur]], [[Asia Tengah]], dan [[Timur Tengah]] yang "kemampuan penyaluran informasinya belum berkembang atau dilarang oleh pemerintah".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rferl.org/section/FAQ/777.html#section5 |title=About RFE/RL - FAQs |access-date=2015-12-23 |archive-date=2015-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325202157/http://www.rferl.org/section/FAQ/777.html#section5 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> RFE/RL adalah perusahaan [[Organisasi 501(c)#501(c)(3)|501(c)(3)]] yang tidak menerima pembiayaan dari pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan diawasi oleh [[Badan Media Global Amerika Serikat]], badan yang mengawasi seluruh layanan penyiaran internasional pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat.


RFE didirikan sebagai sumber berita anti-komunis pada tahun 1949 oleh [[National Committee for a Free Europe]], bagian dari [[Operasi Psikologis (Amerika Serikat)|Operasi Psikologis]] besar-besaran semasa [[Perang Dingin]]. RL didirikan dua tahun kemudian dan kedua organisasi ini bersatu pada tahun 1976. RFE/RL menerima pendanaan dari [[Central Intelligence Agency]] sampai tahun 1972.<ref>John Prados, ''Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA'' (Ivan R. Dee, 2012).</ref> Pada tahun-tahun pertama RFE, CIA dan [[Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat|Departemen Luar Negeri A.S.]] mengeluarkan serangkaian aturan kebijakan. Kebijakan penyiaran ditentukan lewat negosiasi antara kedua lembaga tersebut dan staf RFE.<ref name="Mickelson 1983 126">{{harvnb|Mickelson|1983|p=126}}</ref>
RFE didirikan sebagai sumber berita anti-komunis pada tahun 1949 oleh [[National Committee for a Free Europe]], bagian dari [[Operasi Psikologis (Amerika Serikat)|Operasi Psikologis]] besar-besaran semasa [[Perang Dingin]]. RL didirikan dua tahun kemudian dan kedua organisasi ini bersatu pada tahun 1976. RFE/RL menerima pendanaan dari [[Central Intelligence Agency]] sampai tahun 1972.<ref>John Prados, ''Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA'' (Ivan R. Dee, 2012).</ref> Pada tahun-tahun pertama RFE, CIA dan [[Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat|Departemen Luar Negeri A.S.]] mengeluarkan serangkaian aturan kebijakan. Kebijakan penyiaran ditentukan lewat negosiasi antara kedua lembaga tersebut dan staf RFE.<ref name="Mickelson 1983 126">{{harvnb|Mickelson|1983|p=126}}</ref>


RFE/RL bermarkas di [[Englischer Garten]] di [[Munich]], [[Jerman]], pada tahun 1949 sampai 1995. Tahun 1995, markasnya pindah ke [[Praha]], [[Republik Ceko]]. Operasi penyiaran di Eropa menurun drastis sejak Perang Dingin berakhir. Selain kantor pusat, RFE juga memiliki 20 biro lokal di negara-negara yang masuk dalam wilayah siarannya serta satu kantor perusahaan di [[Washington, D.C.]] RFE/RL mengudara dalam 28 bahasa<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aferrz909tI Youtube.com]</ref> to 21 countries<ref>[http://flashvideo.rferl.org/Flashmaps/en-US/coverageOneWin/default.htm RFERL.org]</ref> termasuk [[Armenia]], [[Rusia]], [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], dan [[Irak]].<ref>[http://flashvideo.rferl.org/Flashmaps/en-US/coverageOneWin/default.htm RFE/RL Coverage Map]</ref>
RFE/RL bermarkas di [[Englischer Garten]] di [[Munich]], [[Jerman]], pada tahun 1949 sampai 1995. Tahun 1995, markasnya pindah ke [[Praha]], [[Republik Ceko]]. Operasi penyiaran di Eropa menurun drastis sejak Perang Dingin berakhir. Selain kantor pusat, RFE juga memiliki 20 biro lokal di negara-negara yang masuk dalam wilayah siarannya serta satu kantor perusahaan di [[Washington, D.C.]] RFE/RL mengudara dalam 28 bahasa<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aferrz909tI Youtube.com]</ref> di 21 negara<ref>[http://flashvideo.rferl.org/Flashmaps/en-US/coverageOneWin/default.htm RFERL.org]</ref> termasuk [[Armenia]], [[Rusia]], [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], dan [[Irak]].<ref>[http://flashvideo.rferl.org/Flashmaps/en-US/coverageOneWin/default.htm RFE/RL Coverage Map]</ref>


==Lihat pula==
== Lihat pula ==
*[[Operation Mockingbird]] dan [[propaganda putih]]
* [[Operation Mockingbird]] dan [[propaganda putih]]
*[[Radio Free Asia]]
* [[Radio Free Asia]]
*[[Radio y Televisión Martí]]
* [[Radio y Televisión Martí]]
*[[Alhurra]]
* [[Alhurra]]


==Referensi==
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=33em}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=33em}}


==Bacaan lanjutan==
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
*{{cite news | last = Cummings| first = Richard| title = 'The Ether War: Hostile Intelligence Activities Directed Against Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, and the Émigré Community in Munich during the Cold War.' | publisher = ''Journal of Transatlantic Studies.'' Vol. 6, No. 2 | year = 2008 | ref = harv}}
* {{cite news|last = Cummings|first = Richard|title = 'The Ether War: Hostile Intelligence Activities Directed Against Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, and the Émigré Community in Munich during the Cold War.'|publisher = ''Journal of Transatlantic Studies.'' Vol. 6, No. 2|year = 2008|ref = harv}}
* Holt, Robert T. ''Radio Free Europe'' (U of Minnesota Press, 1958)
* Holt, Robert T. ''Radio Free Europe'' (U of Minnesota Press, 1958)
*{{cite book|last = Johnson|first = Ian|title = A Mosque in Munich|year = 2010|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|ref = harv }}
* {{cite book|last = Johnson|first = Ian|title = A Mosque in Munich|url = https://archive.org/details/mosqueinmunichna0000john|year = 2010|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|ref = harv }}
* Johnson, A. Ross and R. Eugene Parta (eds.), ''Cold War Broadcasting: Impact on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.'' (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2010)
* Johnson, A. Ross and R. Eugene Parta (eds.), ''Cold War Broadcasting: Impact on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.'' (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2010)
* Machcewicz, Paweł. ''Poland's War on Radio Free Europe, 1950-1989'' (Trans. by Maya Latynski. Cold War International History Project Series) (Stanford University Press, 2015). 456 pp. [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=43341 online review]
* Machcewicz, Paweł. ''Poland's War on Radio Free Europe, 1950-1989'' (Trans. by Maya Latynski. Cold War International History Project Series) (Stanford University Press, 2015). 456 pp. [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=43341 online review]
*{{cite book|last = Mickelson|first = Sig|title = America's Other Voice: the Story of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty|location = New York|publisher = Praeger Publishers|year = 1983|ref = harv}}
* {{cite book|last = Mickelson|first = Sig|title = America's Other Voice: the Story of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty|url = https://archive.org/details/americasothervoi00mick|location = New York|publisher = Praeger Publishers|year = 1983|ref = harv}}
*{{cite news | last = Mikkonen| first = Simo | title = 'Stealing The Monopoly Of Knowledge?: Soviet Reactions To U.S. Cold War Broadcasting' | publisher = ''Kritika: Explorations In Russian & Eurasian History'' | year = 2010 | ref = harv}}
* {{cite news|last = Mikkonen|first = Simo|title = 'Stealing The Monopoly Of Knowledge?: Soviet Reactions To U.S. Cold War Broadcasting'|publisher = ''Kritika: Explorations In Russian & Eurasian History''|year = 2010|ref = harv}}
*{{cite book|last = Puddington|first = Arch|title = Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty|location = Lexington|publisher = [[University Press of Kentucky]]|year = 2003|ref= harv}}
* {{cite book|last = Puddington|first = Arch|title = Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty|location = Lexington|publisher = [[University Press of Kentucky]]|year = 2003|ref= harv}}
*{{cite book|last = Sosin|first = Gene|title = Sparks of Liberty: An Insider's Memoir of Radio Liberty|location = University Park|publisher = [[Pennsylvania State University Press]]|year = 1999|ref = harv}}
* {{cite book|last = Sosin|first = Gene|title = Sparks of Liberty: An Insider's Memoir of Radio Liberty|url = https://archive.org/details/sparksoflibertyi0000sosi|location = University Park|publisher = [[Pennsylvania State University Press]]|year = 1999|ref = harv}}
* Urban, George R. ''Radio Free Europe and the pursuit of democracy: My war within the cold war'' (Yale University Press, 1997), He was the director of RFE in the 1980s
* Urban, George R. ''Radio Free Europe and the pursuit of democracy: My war within the cold war'' (Yale University Press, 1997), He was the director of RFE in the 1980s


===Bahasa lain===
=== Bahasa lain ===
*{{cite book|authorlink = József Molnár (writer)|last = Molnár|first = József|title = A Szabad Európa Rádió a forradalom napjaiban - Autobiography|year = 2006|ISBN = 963-9592-10-2}}
* {{cite book|authorlink = József Molnár (writer)|last = Molnár|first = József|title = A Szabad Európa Rádió a forradalom napjaiban - Autobiography|year = 2006|ISBN = 963-9592-10-2}}


==Pranala luar==
== Pranala luar ==
{{external links|date=May 2014}}
{{external links|date=May 2014}}
{{Commons category|Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}
{{Commons category|Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}
*[http://www.rferl.org/ Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty], official website
* [http://www.rferl.org/ Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty], official website
*[http://hoorferl.stanford.edu/RFE/exhibits_show.php?id=1 Hoover Institution Archives: Radio Liberty: 50 Years - Time Line]
* [http://hoorferl.stanford.edu/RFE/exhibits_show.php?id=1 Hoover Institution Archives: Radio Liberty: 50 Years - Time Line] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018053417/http://hoorferl.stanford.edu/RFE/exhibits_show.php?id=1 |date=2013-10-18 }}
*[http://osaarchivum.org/db/fa/300.htm Open Society Archives: Records of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Research Institute]
* [http://osaarchivum.org/db/fa/300.htm Open Society Archives: Records of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Research Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723194303/http://osaarchivum.org/db/fa/300.htm |date=2015-07-23 }}
*[https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/collection/104/radio-free-europe-and-radio-liberty Wilson Center Digital Archive: Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty Collection]
* [https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/collection/104/radio-free-europe-and-radio-liberty Wilson Center Digital Archive: Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty Collection]
*[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9x0nb3wc/ The Sig Mickelson papers] are available at the Hoover Institution Archives
* [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9x0nb3wc/ The Sig Mickelson papers] are available at the Hoover Institution Archives
*[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2489q7r9/ The Arch Puddington collection] is available at the Hoover Institution Archives
* [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2489q7r9/ The Arch Puddington collection] is available at the Hoover Institution Archives
*[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt0r29r54s/ The Ferdinand Peroutka papers] are available at the Hoover Institution Archives
* [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt0r29r54s/ The Ferdinand Peroutka papers] are available at the Hoover Institution Archives
*[http://www.radioliberty.org Pals Radio Station Museum/]
* [http://www.radioliberty.org Pals Radio Station Museum/]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070621175054/http://www.btinternet.com/~rrnotes/psywarsoc/fleaf/rfe.htm The Cold War Leaflet Campaign of Radio Free Europe]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070621175054/http://www.btinternet.com/~rrnotes/psywarsoc/fleaf/rfe.htm The Cold War Leaflet Campaign of Radio Free Europe]
*[http://www.thegreatradiowar.com Documentary about RFE - Tell us your story]
* [http://www.thegreatradiowar.com Documentary about RFE - Tell us your story] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517015758/http://thegreatradiowar.com/ |date=2015-05-17 }}
*[http://www.radioliberty.org Museum of the Radio Transmitter in Playa de Pals] (shortwave radio Liberty station in Spain)
* [http://www.radioliberty.org Museum of the Radio Transmitter in Playa de Pals] (shortwave radio Liberty station in Spain)
*[http://www.englishradio.co.uk European English Language Radio Stations]
* [http://www.englishradio.co.uk European English Language Radio Stations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061218100430/http://www.englishradio.co.uk/ |date=2006-12-18 }}
*[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/xii/index.htm Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976, volume XII (Soviet Union, January 1969-October 1970)]
* [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/xii/index.htm Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976, volume XII (Soviet Union, January 1969-October 1970)]
*[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/xiv/index.htm FRUS volume XIV (Soviet Union, October 1971-May 1972)]
* [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/xiv/index.htm FRUS volume XIV (Soviet Union, October 1971-May 1972)]
*[https://fas.org/irp/cia/product/frus1969.pdf United States Government Support of Covert Action Directed at the Soviet Union: Memorandum for the 303 Committee Washington, December 9, 1969] Mentions a FY 1970 budget of $13,130,000 for the Radio Liberty Committee
* [https://fas.org/irp/cia/product/frus1969.pdf United States Government Support of Covert Action Directed at the Soviet Union: Memorandum for the 303 Committee Washington, December 9, 1969] Mentions a FY 1970 budget of $13,130,000 for the Radio Liberty Committee
*[ftp://realaudio.rferl.org/ru/sosin.pdf Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty]
* [ftp://realaudio.rferl.org/ru/sosin.pdf Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722035606/http://realaudio.rferl.org/ru/sosin.pdf |date=2011-07-22 }}
*{{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.648946|name=1956 Crusade for Freedom (1956)}}
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.648946|name=1956 Crusade for Freedom (1956)}}
*{{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.1956144|name=Radio Free Europe (1960)}}
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.1956144|name=Radio Free Europe (1960)}}
*{{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.1718448|name=Eagle Cage (1960)}}
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.1718448|name=Eagle Cage (1960)}}


{{U.S. Agency for Global Media}}
{{Broadcasting Board of Governors}}
{{Perang Dingin}}
{{Perang Dingin}}
{{Telekomunikasi}}
{{Telekomunikasi}}
Baris 88: Baris 87:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty}}
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[[Kategori:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty| ]]
[[Category:Stasiun radio yang didirikan tahun 1949]]
[[Kategori:Stasiun radio yang didirikan tahun 1949]]
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[[Category:Pendirian tahun 1949 di New York]]
[[Kategori:Penyiaran internasional]]
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[[Category:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty| ]]
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[[Kategori:Pendirian tahun 1949 di New York]]
[[Category:Organisasi Perang Dingin]]
[[Category:Organisasi propaganda pemerintah Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Organisasi Perang Dingin]]
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[[Category:Anti-komunisme]]
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[[Category:Organisasi anti-komunis]]
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[[Kategori:Stasiun radio berbahasa Rusia]]
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[[Kategori:Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Uni Soviet]]
[[Category:Perusahaan yang berpusat di Munich]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan yang berpusat di Munich]]
[[Category:Praha]]
[[Kategori:Praha]]
[[Category:Media negara]]
[[Kategori:Media negara]]

Revisi terkini sejak 13 Februari 2023 04.57

"Radio Free Europe" dan "Radio Liberty" dialihkan ke halaman ini. Untuk lagu R.E.M., lihat Radio Free Europe (lagu). Untuk stasiun radio Britania UCKG, lihat Liberty Radio.
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Logo resmi RFE/RL
Kawasan penyiaran RFE/RL pada 2009
SingkatanRFE/RL
Tanggal pendirian1949 (Radio Free Europe), 1953 (Radio Liberty), 1976 (bergabung)
TipePerusahaan Sec 501(c)3 nirlaba swasta
TujuanPenyiaran media
Kantor pusatPrague Broadcast Center
Lokasi
Bahasa resmi
Inggris; program tersedia dalam bahasa Albania, Armenia, Arab, Avar, Azerbaijan, Bashkir, Bosnia, Belarusia, Chechnya, Sirkasia, Tatar Krimea, Dari, Georgia, Kazakh, Kirgiz, Makedonia, Montenegro, Pashtun, Persia, Polandia, Rumania, Rusia, Serbia, Tajik, Tatar, Turkmen, Ukraina, Uzbek
PemilikPemerintah Amerika Serikat
Manajer Interim
John Giambalvo, Nenad Pejic (sejak 28 Februari 2014);[1] Jeffrey Shell (ketua dewan RFE/RL sejak Oktober 2013).[2]
Organisasi induk
Badan Media Global Amerika Serikat
Anggaran
$92.100.000 (FY 13)
Jumlah Staf
487
Situs webwww.rferl.org

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) adalah badan penyiaran milik negara Amerika Serikat yang menyediakan berita, informasi, dan analisis ke negara-negara di Eropa Timur, Asia Tengah, dan Timur Tengah yang "kemampuan penyaluran informasinya belum berkembang atau dilarang oleh pemerintah".[3] RFE/RL adalah perusahaan 501(c)(3) yang tidak menerima pembiayaan dari pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan diawasi oleh Badan Media Global Amerika Serikat, badan yang mengawasi seluruh layanan penyiaran internasional pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat.

RFE didirikan sebagai sumber berita anti-komunis pada tahun 1949 oleh National Committee for a Free Europe, bagian dari Operasi Psikologis besar-besaran semasa Perang Dingin. RL didirikan dua tahun kemudian dan kedua organisasi ini bersatu pada tahun 1976. RFE/RL menerima pendanaan dari Central Intelligence Agency sampai tahun 1972.[4] Pada tahun-tahun pertama RFE, CIA dan Departemen Luar Negeri A.S. mengeluarkan serangkaian aturan kebijakan. Kebijakan penyiaran ditentukan lewat negosiasi antara kedua lembaga tersebut dan staf RFE.[5]

RFE/RL bermarkas di Englischer Garten di Munich, Jerman, pada tahun 1949 sampai 1995. Tahun 1995, markasnya pindah ke Praha, Republik Ceko. Operasi penyiaran di Eropa menurun drastis sejak Perang Dingin berakhir. Selain kantor pusat, RFE juga memiliki 20 biro lokal di negara-negara yang masuk dalam wilayah siarannya serta satu kantor perusahaan di Washington, D.C. RFE/RL mengudara dalam 28 bahasa[6] di 21 negara[7] termasuk Armenia, Rusia, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, dan Irak.[8]

Lihat pula

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ RFE/RL Appoints Interim Managers, RFE/RL, February 28, 2014
  2. ^ Resolution Regarding the Boards of Directors of BBG-Funded Grantees, BBG, October 23, 2013.
  3. ^ "About RFE/RL - FAQs". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-03-25. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-23. 
  4. ^ John Prados, Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA (Ivan R. Dee, 2012).
  5. ^ Mickelson 1983, hlm. 126
  6. ^ Youtube.com
  7. ^ RFERL.org
  8. ^ RFE/RL Coverage Map

Bacaan lanjutan

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  • Cummings, Richard (2008). "'The Ether War: Hostile Intelligence Activities Directed Against Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, and the Émigré Community in Munich during the Cold War.'". Journal of Transatlantic Studies. Vol. 6, No. 2. 
  • Holt, Robert T. Radio Free Europe (U of Minnesota Press, 1958)
  • Johnson, Ian (2010). A Mosque in Munich. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 
  • Johnson, A. Ross and R. Eugene Parta (eds.), Cold War Broadcasting: Impact on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2010)
  • Machcewicz, Paweł. Poland's War on Radio Free Europe, 1950-1989 (Trans. by Maya Latynski. Cold War International History Project Series) (Stanford University Press, 2015). 456 pp. online review
  • Mickelson, Sig (1983). America's Other Voice: the Story of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. New York: Praeger Publishers. 
  • Mikkonen, Simo (2010). "'Stealing The Monopoly Of Knowledge?: Soviet Reactions To U.S. Cold War Broadcasting'". Kritika: Explorations In Russian & Eurasian History. 
  • Puddington, Arch (2003). Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 
  • Sosin, Gene (1999). Sparks of Liberty: An Insider's Memoir of Radio Liberty. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. 
  • Urban, George R. Radio Free Europe and the pursuit of democracy: My war within the cold war (Yale University Press, 1997), He was the director of RFE in the 1980s

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Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.

50°4′44.19″N 14°28′42.7″E / 50.0789417°N 14.478528°E / 50.0789417; 14.478528

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